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8.3 SEGREGATION AND DISCRIMINATION

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NOTES BEGIN AT 13.45

AMERICAN HISTORY II24 FEBRUARY 2013MR. HOOD

8.3 SEGREGATION AND DISCRIMINATION

AMERICAN HISTORY II24 FEBRUARY 2014MR. HOOD`S NOTES

KEY IDEA

AFRICAN AMERICANS LED THE FIGHT AGAINST VOTING RESTRICTIONS

AND JIM CROW LAWS

WHY IT MATTERS NOW

TODAY, AFRICAN AMERICANS HAVE THE LEGACY OF A CENTURY-LONG

BATTLE FOR CIVIL RIGHTS.

INTRODUCTION

DESPITE THE CIVIL WAR

DESPITE THE 13TH AMENDMENT

DESPITE THE 14TH AMENDMENT

DESPITE THE 15TH AMENDMENT

RACISM STILL EXISTED IN THE US

AFRICAN-AMERICANS FACED VIOLENCE +

DISCRIMINATION

OBJECTIVE 1TRACE THE HISTORICAL

UNDERPINNINGS OF LEGALIZED SEGREGATION

AND THE AFRICAN-AMERICAN STRUGGLE

AGAINST RACISM IN THE UNITED STATES

THE US HAD ENTERED A PERIOD OF

RECONSTRUCTION

AFRICAN AMERICANS EXERCISED THEIR NEWLY WON POLITICAL +

SOCIAL RIGHTS

BUT THEY FACED HOSTILITY

FROM WHITES

AFRICAN-AMERICAN FELL VICTIM TO WHITE

LAWS…

LAWS THAT RESTRICTED THEIR

CIVIL RIGHTS

VOTING RESTRUCTIONS

DENIED LEGAL EQUALITY TO AFRICAN AMERICANS

LIKE LITERACY TESTS: LIMITED THE VOTE

TO READERS ONLY

AND THE POLL TAX: ANNUAL TAX IN ORDER

TO VOTE

BUT WHAT ABOUT WHITES

WHO FAILED?

HELPED BY GRANDFATHER CLAUSE

EXEMPTED WHITES FROM STRICT VOTING REQUIREMENTS

SUPREME COURT FAILED TO OVERTURN POLL TAX + GRANDFATHER CLAUSE

AND THE SOUTH PASSED RACIAL

SEGREGATION LAWS

LAWS TO SEPERATE BLACKS AND

WHITES IN PUBLIC + PRIVATE FACILITIES

THESE LAWS KNOWN AS JIM

CROW LAWS

SEGREGATION TOOK EFFECT IN:

SCHOOLS, HOSPITALS, PARKS + TRANSPORT

MANY CHALLENGED SEGREGATION AND WENT TO THE SUPREME

COURT

BUT SUPREME COURT DECLARED SEGREGATION

LEGAL 1896

COURT SAID THAT SEGREGATION DID NOT VIOLATE

14TH AMENDMENT

SUPREME COURT SAID: “SEPERATE BUT

EQUAL”

DECISION LEGALIZED SEGREGATION FOR EFFECT FOR

ALMOST 60 YEARS

OBJECTIVE 2SUMMARIZE TURN-OF-THE-

20TH-CENTURY RACE RELATIONS IN THE NORTH

AND THE SOUTH

JIM CROW LAWS WERE FORMAL DISCRIMINATION

BUT AFRICAN AMERICANS ALSO FACED

INFORMAL DISCRIMINATION

INFORMAL RULES AND CUSTOMS

REGULATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN BLACK + WHITES

A RACIAL ETIQUETTE

USUALLY THESE CUSTOMS BELITTLED + HUMILIATED

AFRICAN-AMERICANS

SHAKING HANDS BANNED

YIELD SIDEWALK TO WHITES

BLACK MEN HAD TO REMOVE HATS FOR

WHITES

THESE THINGS IMPLIED BLACK/WHITE

EQUALITY

AFRICAN AMERICANS WHO DIDN`T FOLLOW ETIQUETTE WERE

PUNISHED

AFRICAN AMERICANS BEATEN OR LYNCHED

DISCRIMINATION EXISTED IN

NORTH AND SOUTH

OBJECTIVE 3IDENTIFY DISCRIMINATION

AGAINST MINORITIES IN THE AMERICAN WEST

THE WEST WAS ALSO HOME TO

ETHNICS

IMMIGRANTS IN SEARCH OF WEALTH

+ WORK

GRUELLING WORK, FOR HARDLY

ANY MONEY

RACIAL TENSIONSMADE LIFE DIFFICULT

MANY WERE FORCED INTO DEBT

PEONAGE

DEBT PEONAGE MEANS WORKING

OFF DEBT TO EMPLOYERS

DEBT PATRONAGE MUCH

LIKE SLAVERY

WHITES FEARED JOB

COMPETITION

FORCED IMMIGRANTS INTO SEGREGATED AREAS

IMMIGRANTS FACED TERRIBLE LEGAL + ECONOMIC

PROBLEMS

MEANWHILE, WHITES STARTED TO ENJOY LEISURE TIME + CONSUMER

GOODS

THE DAWN OF MASS CULTURE