Ahkam – Islamic Laws

Sheikh Jaffer H. JafferMasumeen Islamic Centre

Fall 2012

Wajibaat• Salaat• Siyaam• Hajj

– These 3 Wajibaat are conditioned with Taharat

• Zakaat• Khums• Amr bil Ma’roof and Nahi anil Munkar

Muharramaat• تعالى الله روح اليأسمن

– Despair in the Mercy of Allah the most High• …and despair not of Allah's mercy Surely none

despairs of Allah's mercy except the unbelieving people (Yusuf 12:87)

• تعالى الله مكر من االمن– Disregard of Allah SWT’s punishment

• “What! do the people of the towns then feel secure from Our punishment coming to them by night while they are asleep?” (Surah al-Ar’āf 7:97)

Muharramaat• الهجرة بعد التعر�ب

– To become A’arāb (Bedouin, gypsy etc) after Hijrat (migration)

• “Surely (as for) those whom the angels cause to die while they are unjust to their souls, they shall say: In what state were you? They shall say: We were weak in the earth. They shall say: Was not Allah’s earth spacious, so that you could have migrated therein? So these it is whose abode is Hell, and it is an evil resort.” (Surah an-Nisā’ 4:97)

• اليهم الركون و الظالمين معونة– To help/support the Oppressors and rely upon them

• “And do not incline to those who are unjust, lest the fire touch you, and you have no guardians besides Allah, then you shall not be helped.” (Surah Hūd 11:113)

Muharramaat• الدم محفوظ كل بل المسلم قتل

– Killing of a Muslim and those whose blood is protected• “And whoever kills a believer intentionally, his punishment is

Hell; he shall abide in it, and Allah will send His wrath on him and curse him and prepare for him a painful chastisement.” (Surah an-Nisā’ 4:93)

• المؤمن غيبة– Backbiting a believer

• “Surely (as for) those who love that scandal should circulate respecting those who believe, they shall have a grievous chastisement in this world and the hereafter.” (Surah an-Nūr 24: 19)

Muharramaat• المؤمن سّب.

– Insulting a believer• “They who taunt those of the faithful who give their alms

freely, and those who give to the extent of their earnings and scoff at them; Allah will pay them back their scoffings and they shall have a painful chastisement.” (Surah at-Tawba 9: 79)

• البهتان– Slander or Defamation

• “Allah does not love the public utterance of hurtful speech unless (it be) by one to whom injustice has been done.” (Surah an-Nisā’ 4: 148)

Muharramaat• المؤمنين بين النميمة

– Tale Telling• “…and mischief is more severe than slaughter.”

(Surah al-Baqarah 2: 191)

• ايام ثالثة من ازيد المسلم َه6جر– To desert or abandon relations with a Muslim for more

than 3 days (BASED ON OBLIGATORY PRECAUTION)

Muharramaat• 6ة المحَص6ن و المحَص6ن قذف

– Wrongfully accuse a chaste Muslim man or chaste Muslim woman of adultery or homosexuality.

• “Surely those who accuse chaste believing women, unaware (of the evils), are cursed in the world and the hereafter and they shall have a grievous chastisement. On the day when their tongue and their hands and their feet shall bear witness against them as to what they did.” (Surah an-Nūr 24:23-24)

• الُغ>ش– Cheating

• The Holy Prophet (S) said, “One who gives us adulterated goods is not from us.” He repeated this sentence thrice then said, “And Allah will remove barakat from the livelihood of the Muslim brothers. (Allah) will destroy his economy and leave him upon his own condition.”

Muharramaat• القول الف>حشمن

– To use filthy language/curse• Imam Ja’far as-Sadiq (a.s.) says, “Cursing and abusing is

from cruelty and cruelty is punishable by hell.”

• الخيانة– Misapplication or misappropriation of property;

embezzlement• “…but if one of you trusts another, then he who is trusted

should deliver his trusts, and let him be careful (of his duty to) Allah, his Lord...”  (Surah al-Baqarah 2:283)

Muharramaat• الحسد

– Jealousy • The Prophet SAW has reported: Allah STW told Prophet Musa

AS: O the son of Imran, do not be jealous of people over what I have given them from My grace, and do not follow the lowly desires of your soul; for a person who is jealous is one who has no value over my bounties that I have provided.

• بالعكس و بالمرأة الرجل تشبه– Cross dressing or looking like the opposite gender (as an

Obligatory precaution)

• لبس كذلك و للرجل الطبيعي الحرير لبسلهم الذَهّب

– A man wearing pure silk or gold

Muharramaat• االستمناء و اللواط و الزنا

– Fornication, Adultery, Homosexuality and Self Pleasure• “And they who do not call upon another god with Allah and

do not slay the soul which Allah has forbidden except in the requirements of justice, and (who) do not commit fornication and he who does this shall find a requital of sin. The punishment shall be doubled to him on the day of resurrection, and he shall abide therein in abasement.” (Surah al-Furqān 25:68-69)

• القيادة– To unite two people to do Haram

• الدياثة– To find your spouse committing adultery and to not

reprimand or stop this action

Muharramaat• حجة او علم بُغير القول

– To Speak without knowledge or proof

• الكذب– To Lie

• “Only they forge the lie who do not believe in Allah’s communications, and these are the liars.” (Sura an-Nahl 105)

Muharramaat• الوعد خلف

– Non-fulfillment of Promises based on Obligatory Precaution• “Indeed the worst of beasts in Allah's sight are those who are

faithless; so they will not have faith. Those with whom you made a treaty, and who violated their treaty every time, and who are not God wary” (al-Anfal 8:55-56)

• الربا أكل– Usury

• “Those who swallow down usury cannot arise except as one whom Shaitan has prostrated by (his) touch does rise. That is because they say, trading is only like usury; and Allah has allowed trading and forbidden usury. To whomsoever then the admonition has come from his Lord, then he desists, he shall have what has already passed, and his affair is in the hands of Allah; and whoever returns (to it) - These are the inmates of the fire; they shall abide in it.” (Surah al-Baqarah 2:275)

Muharramaat• الخمر شرب

– Drinking alcohol/wine• “They ask you about intoxicants and the games of chance. Says: in

both of them there is a great sin and means of profit for men, and their sin is greater than their profit.” (Surah al-Baqarah 2:219)

• الخنزير لحم اكل– Eating Pork

• “Forbidden to you is that which dies of itself, and blood, and flesh of swine, and that on which any other name than that of Allah has been invoked, and the strangled (animal) and that beaten to death, and that killed by a fall and that killed by being smitten with the horn, and that which wild beast have eaten, except what you slaughter, and what is sacrificed on stones set up (for idols) and that you divide by the arrows; that is a transgression.” (Surah al-Mā’ida 5:3)

Muharramaat• الكبر

– Pride and Arrogance• “Is there not in Hell an abode for the proud?”

(Surah az-Zumar 39:60)

• الرحم قطيعة– Breaking of relations with one’s kith and kin

• Imam Ja’far as-Sadiq (a.s.) says: “Beware of those who cut off relations because I have found them cursed thrice in the Qur’an.”

– Surah al-Baqarah, Ayat No.27

– Surah ar-Rā’d, Ayat No.25

– Surah Muhammad, Ayat No.22-23

Muharramaat• الوالدين عقوق

– Disobedience to One’s Parents• “And your Lord has commanded that you shall not serve (any) but

Him, and goodness to your parents. If either or both of them reach old age with you, say not to them (so much as) “Uff” nor chide them, and speak to them a generous word. And make yourself submissively gentle to them with compassion, and say: O my Lord! Have compassion on them, as they brought me up (when I was) little. (Surah al-‘Isrā’, 17:23-24)

• التبذير و االسراف– Wasteful Expenditure

• “...eat of its fruit when it bears fruit, and pay the due of it on the day of its reaping, and do not act extravagantly; surely He does not love the extravagant.” (Surah al-’An’ām 6:141)

Muharramaat• الميزان البخسفي

– Decreasing fraudulently in measure and weight• Hazrat Shoeb (a.s.) was preaching to his people: “O my people!

Serve Allah, you have no god other than He, and do not give short measure and weight. Surely I see you in prosperity and surely I fear for you the punishment of an all-encompassing day. And O my people! Give full measure and weight fairly, and defraud not men their things, and do not act corruptly in the land, making mischief.” (Surah Hūd 11: 84-85)

• المسلم مال في التَصرف– Usurp or spend that which belongs to others

• “(As for) those who swallow the property of the orphans unjustly, surely they only swallow fire into their bellies and they shall enter burning fire.” (Surah an-Nisā’ 4:10)

Muharramaat• الكهانة و السحر

– Sorcery (Magic) and Fortune Telling• Imam Ali (a.s.) says, “If one learns magic, whether

a little bit or more, he has become an infidel. And his end result is that he does not receive Divine Mercy.

• الرشوة– Bribes

• “And do not swallow up your property among yourselves by false means, neither seek to gain access thereby to the judges, so that you may swallow up a part of the property of men wrongfully while you know.” (Surah al-Baqarah 2:188)

Muharramaat• الُغناء

– To sing• When Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (a.s.) said, “Singing is that Sin

which has been promised the penalty of fire (Hell) by Allah” he (a.s.) had also recited the following verse of the Holy Qur’an: “And of men is he who takes instead frivolous discourse to lead astray from Allah’s path without knowledge and to take it for a mockery; these shall have an abasing chastisement.” (Surah Luqmān 31:6)

• المالَهي االستعمال– The use of musical instruments

• Imam Ja’far as-Sadiq (a.s.): “The Almighty Allah has prohibited the manufacture of all such things that are exclusively used in Harām ways; and things that only create evil like pipe, flute, chess and all types of instruments of gambling, images, statues. The manufacture of all such articles is Harām.” Imam (a.s.) concluded, “Then even learning to sing or play music and teaching it, to sing and play music, to be paid for these things or to be in any way engrossed in these vices is Harām.”

Muharramaat• القمار

– Gambling• “They ask you about intoxicants and games of chances. Say:

in both of them there is a great sin...” (Surah al-Baqarah 2:219)

• العبادات و الطاعات في الرياء– Showing off in acts of worship

• The hypocrites indeed seek to deceive Allah, but it is He who outwits them. When they stand up for prayer, they stand up lazily, showing off to the people and not remembering Allah except a little (An-Nisa 142)

Muharramaat• نفسه االنسان قتل

– Suicide• “....and do not kill ourselves; surely Allah is Merciful to you.

And whoever does this aggressively and unjustly, We will soon cast him into Fire; and this is easy for Allah.” (Surah an-Nisā’ 4:29-30)

• الشهادة كتمان– Concealing evidence and testimony

• “...and do not conceal testimony, and whoever conceals it, his heart is surely sinful; and Allah knows what you do.”  (Surah al-Baqarah 2:283)