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CONTENTS

Proclamation No. 67/1997Commercial Registration and BusinessLicensing Proclamation Page 367

PROCLAMATION No. 67/1997

COMMERCIAL REGISTRATION AND BUSINESSLICENCING PROCLAMATION

WHEREAS, it is necessary to create conducive environmentin every field of commercial activity in line with the free marketeconomic policy;

WHEREAS, it is necessary to improve the registration and.licensing procedures of commercial activities in a manner that willpromote the free market economic policy and to abolish theconstraints encountred by the law-abiding business community inthis respect;

WHEREAS, on the one hand, it is necessary to create anenabling environment for the carrying out of lawful commercialactivities and, on the other, to restrain illegal commercialactivities;

WHEREAS, it is believed that the function of issuingbusiness licences, which so far used to be carried out by differentgovernment institutions, must be carried out in an improved andrelatively consolidated manner only by the pertinent institutions ofthe trade and industry sector, with the exception of those licenceswhich must be issued by other government institutions, owing tothe particular nature 'of the respective activities.

WHEREAS, the necessary changes should be made on someprovisions of the law enacted to serve previous regimes, which arenot consistent with the on-going free market economic system andit is necessary to consolidate into one proclamation thoseprovisions of the law relating to registration and licencing, whichhitherto are found scattered in different proclamations;

NOW; THEREFORE, in accordance with Article 55( I) ofthe Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, itis hereby proclaimed as follows:

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PART ONEGeneral

I. Short TitleThis Proclamation may be cited as th~ ''CommercialRegistration and Business Licensing Proclamation No.67/1997."

2. DefinitionsUnless the context otherwise reqUIres. in thisProclamation:1) ''Commercial Code" means the law issued in 1960,

under the Commercial Code Proclamation No. 166/1960;

2), "business person" means any person who. profes-sionally and for gain ctuTies on any of those activitiesspecified under Article 5 of the Commercial Code, orwho dispenses services, or who carries on thosecommercial activities designated as"' such byRegulations issued by the Government;

3) "commercial activity" means any activity carriedon by a businessperson as defined under sub -Article

. (2) of this Article;4) "service" means any dispensing of service for

consideration other than salary or wages;5) "domestic trade" means the selling by wholesale or

retail of goods, or the dispensing of services, oroperating as a domestic trade auxiliary in Ethiopia- asappropriate;

6) "foreign trade" means the exporting from orimporting into Ethiopia of goods for sale or operatingas a foreign trade auxiliary;

7) "goods" means movable commodities, articles andmaterials except monetary gold, monies in any form,other means of payment, securities, shares andpersonal effects;

8) "commercial representative' means any person whois, not domeciled at the place where the head office ofthe business enterprise or business person herepresents is situate, bound to such enterprise orbusiness person by a contract of employment, andentrusted with the carrying out of only tradepromotional activities on behalf and in the name ofthe business enterprise or the business person herepresents without being a trader himself;

9) "trade name" shall have the meaning assigned to itunder Article 135 of the Commercial Code;

10) "valid businessJicence" means a licence issued orrenewed under this Proclamation in a prticularbudget year or a licence which is renewable pursuantto Article 25 of this Proclamation;

11) "industry" means any manufacturing activitycarried on for a commercial purpose using mainlymotor-power-driven machinery and equipment andincludes the premises in which it is carried out andengineering services;

12) "manufacturing activity" includes any for-mulation, alteration assembling and prefabricationactivity carried on by an industry;

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13) "engineering services'" means repairing and main-taining macninery and'equipment, pumps, electricand electronic appliances and other similar objectsfor industrial use ,and includes repair anq,dnain-tenance.works \\Thereinspare parts are made;

1.4) "Inv,estment Proclamation" means the Jnvestment'. .Proclamation No. 37/1996;. .

r5) "domestiC investor" and ~'foreign j\'estor" shallhave the meaning assigned to them under Article2)5) and (6) of 'thff Investment PrOclamation,respectively;

16) "Appropriate Authority" means the Ministry ofTrade and Indsutri and the pertinent RegionalBureau;

17) "Ministry' means the Ministry of Trade and Indus-try;

18) "Region" means~y of tbos.eRegionsspecifiedunder Article 47( I) of the Constitution of theFederal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and, forthe purpoSe of this Proclamation, includes theAddis Ababa and bire Dawa Administrations.Alsothe term, "Teklay Gizat' ' , in the Commercial Codeshall be read as "Region";

19) "Bureau" means Regional, Bureau which is ap-propriate to implement this Proclamation;

20) "person" means any physical or legal person;21) "RegulatiQns" means R~gulations issued to im-

plement this Proclamation;22) "agricultural development" means the production

of perennial and annual crops as well as thedevelopment of animal and fish resources, forests,wildlife and products thereof; .

23) . 'principal registration" means registration com-prising the particulars under Article I05 of the.Commercial Code;

24) "summary registration" means registration com-prising the particulars under Article I06 of theCommercial Code;

25) "expansion or upgrading" means increasing invalue through aditional investment, thefutl produc-tion or service capacity of an existing entrprise, be itin variety,v!Jlumeor both;

,

3. Scope of ApplicationI) The provisions"of. this Proclamatio,n relating to

business licence shall apply to any person engaged inany commercial activity other than. those specifiedunder Article 20 (I) of this Proclamation.

2) Regional governments may, by taking into con-sideration the objective conditions of the locality,exemptsmaJl-sca1e business persons from theobligation to obtain a business licence by setting afloor capital.

3) Without prejudice to the provisions of sub-Article(2) of this Article. the provisions of thisProclamation relating to registration shall apply totl)ose business persons referred to in the same sub-Article (2), provided that they have pennanentworking places.

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PART TWORegistration of Traders

4. Establishment of Commercial RegistersThe following commercial registers are hereby es-tablished:1) a central conunercial register which sball be ad-

ministered by the Ministry; .2) a commerical register, which shall be administered

by the Ministry, in which is registered any personengaged in those commercial activities for which theMinistry issues licences;

3) a commercial register which shall be adl1).insteredbyeach Bureau.

5. Registration in.the.Commerical Register .1) No person shall engage in any commercjal activity. unless registered in a conunercial register.2) Any person other than those principally registered by

the Ministry under Article 4(2) of this Proclamation,shall principally register in the place where his headoffice is situate-

3) Any perSQn.shall principally register only onceeventhough he carries on different commercialactivities in different Regions.

4) Any person who establishes branches in severalRegions outside the place where he is principallyregistered, shall be summarily registered in thoseRegions by making a reference to the principalregistration.

5) Although a trade name is one of the entries of aprincipal registration as provided for under Article105 of the Commercial Code, principal registrationshall be made without waiting for the registration ofa-trade name under this Proclamation.

6) Any person who is not registered in tbe commercialregister prior to the issuance of this Proclamation,but who has been carrying on a commercial activity,under a licence from any authorized governmentinstitution shall be registered within 24 months fromthe effective date of this Proclamation.

7) Business persons to which reference is made to inArticle 3(3) of this Proclamation shall also beregistered wihin the time limit prescribed in 'sub-Article (6) of this Article.

6. Application for Registration and Decision1) A businessperson shall, before starting his commer-

cial activity, apply for a principal or summaryregistration by completing and submitting to theAppropriate Authority the application form, pres-cribed by the Regulations, to which he shall attachthe necessary documents.

2) An application for the alteration or modification ofany entry of a commercial registration shall be madeto the Appropriate Authority within two monthsfrom the occurrence of such a situation by com-pleting the application form prescribed by theRegualtions.

3) Where any application for principal or summaryregistration. is found acceptable, the AppropriateAuthority shall register the applicant and issue acertificate of registration to him on payment of thefee prescribed by the Regulations.

4) Where the Appropriate Authority rejects the ap-plication for registration submitted pursuant to sub-Articles (1) and (2) ofthis Article, it shall notify theapplicant in writing the reasons thereof.

.""

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7. Forwarding of Information and Documents Relating toRegistration1) Where the Ministry performs an act of registration

under Article 4(2) of this Proclamation, it shall, in aform designed for this purpose, forward the par-ticulars of registration to the Bureau of the Regionwhere the head office of the applicant's business issituate. .

2) The Bureau which has made registration of acommercial activity under this Proclamation shallforward to the Ministry the particulars of registrationin a form designed for this purpose.

3) The Minstry shall register in the central registerinformation forwarded to it pursuant to sub-Article(2) of this Article and those registered by itselfpursuant to Article 4(2) of this Proclamation.

8. Publication of NoticeMatters for which newspaper notice is required under thisProclamation shall be notified to third parties in thefollowing manner:1) Notice of matters registered by the Ministry or those

concerning commercial activities carried on in morethan one Region shall be made in a newspaperpublished by the Federal Government, having coun-try wide circulation;

2) Notice of matters concerning commercial activitieswhich are limited to a Region may be made in anewspaper published by the Regional Government;

3) The Appropriate Authority shall, prior to thepublication of a notice decide which of the twoalternatives under-sub-Articles (2) and (3) of thisArticle shall apply for publication of such a notice.

9. Effective Date of Registration1) Registration of business organizations shall be effec-

tive from the date of a newspaper publication of thenotice relating to the formation of the businessorganization.

2) Registration of public enterprises, cooperativesocieties, individual business persons and commer-cial representatives shall be effective from the date ofthe respective registration without the need topublish the notice in a newspaper.

10. Cancellation of RegistrationI) Without prejudice to the provisions of Articles 112,

113 and 226 of the Commercial Code, the Ap-propriate Authority shall decide to cancel theregistration upon his being aware of the fact thateither the business person has ceased to operate hisbusiness or there is a lawful decision prohibitinghim to carry on his business.

2) The Appropriate Authority shall, before making itsdecision pursuant to sub-Article (l) of this Article,require the business person to submit his opinion; if,however, the business person cannot be contacted athis registered address, the Appropriate Authorityshall make its decision on the basis of the availableinformation.

3) The business person whose registration is cancelledshall get upon his request a certificate of canellationof registration on payment of the fee prescribed bythe Regulations.

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4) Cancellation of the r~istration of business or-ganizations shall be effective from the date ofpublication of a notice of cancellation in a newspaperat the expense of the applicant. Other cancellationsof any trade registration shall be effective from thedate of the entry of the cancellati~n in to the register.

5) The provisions of Article 7 ofthis Proclamation shallbe applicable to the forwarding of documentsrelating to the cancellation of registration.

II. Issuance of Subsitute Certificate of RegistrationAny person whose certificate of registration is lost ordamaged may apply in writing to the AppropriateAuthority that made the earlier registration and obtain asubstitute certificate of registration upon payment of thefee presecribed by the Regulations.

PART THREE. Registration of TradeNames

12. Establishment of TradeName Registers.I) The following Trade Name registers which shall be

administered by the Ministry are hereby es-tablished:(a) a central trade name register;(b) a trade name register in which any person

licenced by the Ministry and foreign businesspersons get their trade names registered.

2) A trade name register which shall be administeredby each Bureau is hereby established.

13. Duties of the-MinistryThe Ministry shall:I) register in the central trade name register par-

ticulars of trade names forwarded to it by eachBureau and deposit related documents;

2) immediately forward infonnation requested byeach Bureau before the Bureau decides to register atrade name submitted to it;

3) assist Regions in the proper application of theprovisions of this Proclamation on trade nameregistration. .

14. Registration of ThJdeNameI) Any person who is engaged in commercial ac-

tivities may have his trade name registered bycompleting the application fonn prescribed by theRegulations at the place where he is principallyregistered.

2) Any person who is applying for the registration ofhis trade name shall, with his application, submit tothe Appropriate Authority:(a) his commercial registration certificate, and(b) a valid business licence. .

3) Where the applicant is a foreign business enter-prise, it shall, together with the application, submitits properly authenticated commercial registrationcertificate issued by the country in which it isregistered.

4) The Appropriate Authority, upon ascertaining thatthe trade name submitted for registration,(a) is not identical or misleadingly similar to the

trade names previously registered, or,J

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(b) is not contrary to morality or public order,shall, at the expense of the applicant, causethe publication ina newspaper of a noticeindicating the subsequent registration of thetrade name.

5) Where the applicant is a business person engaged ina commercial activity outside the Region where it isprincipally registered, or a foreign business enter-prise, the Appropriate Authority shall, after havingascertained that the conditions under sub-Articles(3) and (4) ofthis Article are satisfied:(a) ensure that the trade name submitted to it for

registration is not already registered in thecentral trade name register;

(b) cause the publication of the notice referred toin sub-Article (4) of this Article in a news-paper published by the Federal Government,having countrywide circulation.

6) Where, within 30 days following publication of thetrade name in a newspaper pursuant to sub-Article(4) or (5) of this Article, no objection is lodged tothe registration of the trade name, the appropriateAuthority shall issue to the applicant a trade nameregistration certificate, after the expiry of the 30days period, upon the applicant's payment of thefee prescribed by the Regulations.

7) Where the Appropriate Authority ,rejects an ap-plication for the registration of a trade name undersub-Article (2) of this Article, it shaH notify theapplicant in writing of the reasons for the rejection.

15. Forwarding of Registration Infonnation1) The Ministry shall, by using a form designed for

this purpose, immediately forward informationrelating to registration made under Article 14(6) ofthis Proclamation to the Bureau of the Region inwhich the head office of the business person issituate.

2) Each Bureau shall, by using a form designed forthis purpose. forward to the Ministry information,relating to the registration made under Article 14(6) of this Proclamation.

3) The Ministry shall pursuant to Article 13( I) of thisProclamation register in the central trade nameregister information transferred to it pursuant tosub-Article (2) of this Article.

16. Effects of Entry of a Trade Name in the Trade NameRegister1) The registration of a trade name shall be prima facie

evidence of entitlement to and validity of the sametrade name.

2) Without prejudice to Articles 137 and 138 of theColt}.l11ercialCode, the mere prior registration of atrade name may not prevent the registration of thesame trade name for a business with an entirelydifferent nature.

.

17. Change or Modification of Trade NamesWithout prejudice to Article 14 of this Proclamation, aperson may change or modify his trade name which hehas already registered.

18. CaneJ/ationof Trade Name Registration1) The Appropriate Authority shall cancel the regis-

tration of a trade name where:

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(a) it is known it is no longer in use; or(b) the owner has appli.ed for its cancellation

from the trade name register; or(c) it is found that the registration was fraudulen-

tly made.2) Before canceling the registraion of the trade name

pursuant to sub Article (1) of this Article, theAppropriate Authority shall, by means of a lettersent to his registered address, give him the oppor-tunity to submit his written opinion. The tradename registration shall be cancelled where the replyof the owner of the trade name is found to beunsatisfactory or he fails to respond within 30 daysafter receipt of the letter or can not be contacted athis registered address.

19. Substitute TradeName Registration CertificateArticle 11 of this proclamation shall apply mutatismutandis to the issuance of a substitute trade nameregistration certificate.

PART FOURBusiness Licence

20. Power to Issue Business Licence1) Notwithstanding the provisions of other relevant

laws, the Ministry or the Bureau shall issue licencesas appropriate, except those issued by otherrelevant government institutions for the followingcommercial activities:(a) prospecting and mining of minerals;(b) various water works services, not including

water works;(c) banking and insurance services,(d) air transport service and other aviations

service;(e) commercial activities involving the use of

radio-active materials and radiation emittingequipment;

(t) repairing and maintaining of arms andfirearms and sale of explosives; and

(g) trade in tobacco and products.2) Without prejudice to the generality of sub-Article

(1) of this Article, an appendix listing the commer-cial activities for which the Ministry shall issuebusiness licences is attached to this Proclamation.

3) Business licences that shall be issued by the Bureaushall be determined by Regulations to be issued bythe Regional ~ouncil.

4) The requirements to be satisfied.for licences to beissued' for commercial activities covered by thisProclamation shall be defined in the respectivedirectives issued by the relevant sectoral govern-ment institutions.

5) Where, owing to its particular nature, a commercialactivity for which a licence is applied for, requiresthe applicant to hold a specific professionalqualification or certification of competence, theappropriate sectoral government institution shallissue evidence of such professional qualification ora certificate of competence.

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21. Obtaining Business LicenceI) Without, prejudice to the provisions of Article 3 (I)

and (2) of this Proclamation, no person may carry oncommercial activity without obtaining a validbusiness licence.

2) Without prejudice to the provisions of Articles 3 (2),33 and 46 (1) of this Proclamation, the AppropriateAuthority may order the closure of the business of theperson who is found engaged in a commercialactivity without a valid business licence.

3) A person who is summarily registered pursuant toArticle 5 (4) of this Proclamation, may not be~quired to obtain another business licence for thesamecommercialactivity in addition to that which heobtained from the region in which he is principallyregistered.

.

4) Where a business person, doing business in a ~egionin which he is summarily registered, commits any ofthe faults under Article 26 (I) or Article 28 (I), theBureau which has made a summary registration ofthe business person shall, as appropriate, suspend orclose the business pursuant to Articles 26 ( I) and (2),27 and 28 (I), (2) and (3) of this Proclamation.

5) The Bureau shall, within one month, make writtennotification tp the Approriate Authority which issuedthe business licence, of its action taken' pursuant tosub-Article (2) of this Article.

22. Application (or Business LicenceI) Any person engaged in a commercial activity shall

submit to the Appropriate Authority an application. for business.licence by completing the applicationform prescribed by the Regulations.

2) On the basis of the requirements set by the directives-of the reJevant government institution for the com-q1ercialacpvity for which th~ licence is applied for,the applicant shall submit as appropriate, all or part ofthe information indicated below together with hisapplication ~ferredto under sub-Article (I) of thisArticle:(a) certification of professional qualification and

statements related to the commercial activity'shealth and sanitary conditions, environmentalprotection and safety measures from the con-cerned government institutions.

(b) a statement signed by the aplicant regarding hiscompliance with all other requirements per-

. taining to Utebusiness licence.3) Notwithstanding the'provisions of sub-Article (2) of

this Article, the Regional Council may set byRegulations the conditions under which the infor-mation tequired pursuant to this same sub-Article (2)may be wholly or partially submitted, depending onthe .nature of the commercial activity and the localconditions.

23. Issuance of Business LicenceI) Without prejudice to Anicle 2S of the Investment

Proclamation, the Appropriate Authority shall, uponreceipt of the applicdon pursuant to Anicle 22 ofthis .Proclamation,i~ue the business licence appliedfor on payment of the appropriate fee prescribed bythe Regulations, after having ascertained that:

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(a) the commercial activity intended to be carriedon by the applicant, is not prohibited by law;

(b) the applicant has an investment permit, wherethe applicant is a foreign investor;

(c) the applicant has a residence permit and aninvestment permit, where the applicant is aforeign national who wishes to be consideredas a domestic investor;

(d) other conditions provided for by theRegulations are satisfied by the applicant.

2) Where the Appropriate Authority ascertains thatthe application for business licence is not accep-table under sub-Article (1) of this Article, it shallnotify tbe applicant in writing of the reasons forrejecting the application.

24. Per:cnitfor Expansion and Upgrading1) Any person desiring to produce goods or dispense

services by expanding or upgrading existing indus-try, hotel, educational institution, health service orargicultural development shall apoly to the Ap-propriate Authority using the application formprescribed by the Regulations, to which he shallattach the information specified under Article 22(2)or (3) of this Proclamation.

2) After examining the informaiton submitted to it andascertaining that it is satisfactory, the AppropriateAuthority shall issue to the applicant a writtenpermit to produce goods or dispense services.

3) Where the appropriate Authority does not acceptthe application submitted to it pursuant to sub-Article (1) of this Article it shall notify the applicantin writing of the reasons of rejecting the ap-.plication.

25. Validity Period and Renewal of Business Licence1) A business licence issued pursuant to Article 23 (1)

of this Proclamation shall be valid unless cancelledon the grounds specified under Article 28 (1) of thisProclamatjon and as long as it is renewed pursuantto sub-Articles (2) and (3) of this Article.

2) The business licence shall be renewed within sixmonths after the expiry of the budget year in whichthe licence has been issued or renewe~ upon

. payment of the appropriate fee prescribed by theRegulations.

3) The holder of a business licence who has failed tohave it' renewed within the time specified undersub-Article (2) of this Article, shall have it renewedwithin the next three months, i. e., from 'Tir' 1 to'Megabit' 30, by paying, in addition to the renewalfee, a penalty equal twenty percent (20%) of such

, fee, for each month of delay.26. Suspension of Business Licence

1) The Appropriate Authority may, until such time asthe shortcomings indicated below are rectified,suspend a business licence, where the licenceholder:(a) has failed to maintain the standards of health

and sanitary conditions, environmentalprotection, safety measures and the quality ofhis ,product or service, as confirmed by theconcerned government; institution;

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3) The Appropriate Authority, before deciding tocancel the licence for the reasons specified insub-Article, (I) of this.Article shall require thelicence holder by letter sent to his registeredaddress, or, as may be necessary, by any massmedia, to submit his written opinion on theanticipated cancellation of the licence. Thelicence shall be cancelled where the licenceholder has not submitted his opinion withinthirty days from the day the letter was receivedby him, or was called through any mass media.

4) A business person, whose business licence iscancelled for any reason other than that undersub-Article ( I) (e) of this Article, may obtain asimilar licence:

(a) after the expiry of one year from the day ofcancellation of his licence; and

(b) by paying an amount which is twice theregular fee charged for a new trade licence.

5) The provisions of sub-Article (4) of this Articleshall apply to a business person who has voluntarilyceased his business, unless he returns his licence tothe Appropriate Authority within the normallicence renewal period of six months.

29. Issuance of Substitute Business LicenceI) Any person who has his business licence lost or

damaged may obtain a substitue by applying inwriting to the Appropriate Authority which issuedthe licence.

2) A business person whose licence is damaged shallreturn it when he applies for a substitute.

3) The Appropriate Authority, to which an applicationfor a substitue business licence is submitted undersub-Article (l) of this Article, shall, at the expenseof the applicant, cause the publication in a news-paper of a notice regarding the loss of the licenceand the request for a substitue, and shall then issueto the applicant a substitute on payment of the feeprescribed by the Regulations, if no one comesforward with an objection within one month fromthe publication of the notice.

30. Issuance of Licence in case of Transfer of Business

When a business is transferred to another person, theprevious licence shall be returned and the person towhom it is transferred shall obtain a licence in his name.The procedure of transfer of business shall further begoverned by the Regulations.Temporary LicenceI) Any person desiring to engage in the field of

industry, hotel, education, health or agriculturaldevelopment or to expand or upgrade the existingone, may apply to the Appropriate Authority for atemporary licence.

2) Temporary licence issued pursuant to sub-Aiticle(I) of this Article shall be valid until the completionof the project and may not be used for sale ofproducts or for rendering services.

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32. Commercial Activities for which Wholesale BusinessLicence is not NeededAny person who bas a pennanent licence for agricul-tural development or industry shall not be required toposses a wholesale trade licence in order to wholesalehis products.

33. Commercial Activities Carriedon under another Licen-cesAny person, who, by using another licence, has beencarrying on a commercial activity which is subject to theprovisions of this Proclamation without having theappropriate trade licence, shall apply to the AppropriateAuthority by completing the application form pres-cribed by the Regulaions, within 24 months from thecoming into force of this Proclamation, in order to carryon his existing business.

34. Submission of InfonnationI) The Appropriate Authority may call upon licence

holders to submit information regarding theiroperations either periodically or as otherwisespecified, and it shall be the duty of the licenceholder to submit such information within thespecified time limit.

2) Information submitted by licence holders undersub-Article (I) of this Article, shall be used for thepurpose of enabling the Appropriate Authority tocarry out its duties.

35. Inspection1) The Appropriate Authority or the concerned gover-

nment institutions may conduct follow-up andinspection work inorder to ensure the observance ofthe conditions subject to which any businesslicence is given.

2) Any inspector shall show his authorization paperand identification card to the person whosebusiness permises are to be inspected or to the agentof such person.

36. Issuance of Certificatefor a Commercial Representative1) Any person, desiring to engage himself as a

commercial representative, shall, before startingoperation, be registered with the Ministry and get acertificate of commercial representation.

2) A commercial representative may not offer goodsor services for sale or enter into contract withclients in the name of his principal.

3) The procedures governing issuance, validity periodand renewal, cancellation and acquisition of subs-titue certificate, and the business promotion ac-tivities carried on by a commercial representativeshall be provided for by Regulations.

PART FNETradePromotion and Exhibitions

37. Coordination of Trade Sector Policy1) Notwithstanding the provisions of other laws

governing the powers and duties of Federal andRegional Government institutions, any govern-ment institution making policy decisions whichmay affect commercial activities shall, beforetaking such policy decisions, consult and agreewith the Ministry.

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2) The Ministry may put forward to other Federal andRegional GovernJ11entinstituions policy proposalswhich it considers will promote trade, so that suchgovernment institutions include same in theirpolicy decisions, and it may coordinate tradepolicy.

38. Promotion of TradeI) In order to develop and expand domestic trade, the

Bureau shall, in agreement with the concernedgovernment institutions:(a) establish domestic trade exhibition centers in

different places and encourage their establish-ment;

(b) encourage the establishment of market halls indifferent places;

(c) provide educational and professional supportto business persons.

2) The Ministry shall provide support towards theestablishment of trade exhibition centers uponrequest from Regions.

3) In order to develop and expand Ethiopia's foreigntrade, the Ministry may:(a) undertake, in agreement with other concerned

government institutions, measures to promotethe country's foreign trade;

(b) provide educational and professional supportto business persons.

4) The Appropriate Authority may establish andadminister a trade promotion fund, comprised ofmonies derived from government budgetaryprovisions, voluntary contributions by associationsestablished in the trade sector and business persons,and assistance or donations from other sources, forthe purpose of conducting market research, dis-seminating market infonnation and promotingtrade generally.

5) The collection and expenditure of the tradepromotion fund under sub-Article (4) of this Articleshall be governed by Regulations.

39. Pennission to Hold Local Trade Exhibitions

I) The holding of a trade exhibition locally in whichlocal or foreign products or both are to be displayedrequires the prior pennission from the Bureau ofthe Region in which the exhibition is to be held.

2) The Bureau shall issue directives on the implemen-tation of the issuance of permission for local tradeexhibitions.

Pennission to Hold a Foreign Trade ExhibitionI) The holding of any Ethiopian trade exhibition in a

foreign country or for Ethiopia's participation inany trade exhibition organized in and by a foreigncountry or organization requires a prior wrinen

. permission of the Ministry.2) No person may display any product of Ethiopia in a

trade exhibition organized in a'oreign country witha view to advertising such product, without havinga written permission of the Ministry.

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"3) Any trade exhibition of foreign products sponsoredby a foreign government or a foreign organizationintended to display foreign products in Ethiopiashall require a prior written permission of theMinistry.

4) The issuance of permit for foreign trade exhibitionsshall be governed by directives to be issued by theMinistry.

PARTSIXMiscellaneous Provisions

41. Regulation ofImpoI1s and ExpoI1s

The Ministry may, in the national interest. with theapproval of the Council of Ministers, declare theimportation into or exportation from Ethiopia of anygoods to be subject to general or special licences andprescribe the conditions and fees payable for theissuance of such licences.

42. Regulation of Supply of Services and Spare PaI1sI) A business person or an agent who imports

agricultural, industrial and constructionmachinery, mechanical appliances and motorvehicles, shall during the life span of suchma<:hinery,appliances and motor vehicles:

(a) continue to supply their spare parts by main-taining at all times a stock of such spare partsin his store, which however, shall not be lessthan the minimum level set by the Ministry inconsultation with the appropriate governmentinstitutions, so long as the spare parts are notout of manufacture or the said spare parts cannot be adequately found elsewhere;

(b) maintain at all times complete servicingfacilities to purchasers at reasonalbe prices.

2) Where a business person fails to comply with theprovisions of sub-Article (I) of this Article, suchbusiness person shall be deemed to have violatedthe provisions of Article 26 (l) (c) of thisProclamation and, for this reason, administrativeand penal actions shall be taken against himpursuant to Articles 26 (2) and (3), 27, 28 and 46 (3)hereof.

3) Where it is necessary to replace monopoly practiceswith competitive ones in those areas of activityreferred to under sub-Article (I) of this Article, theMinistry may oblige foreign suppliers representedby sole agents to have more than one agent, or tocause any sole agent to have a market share notexceeding a certain percentage.

43. Power Delegated to the Investment Organ

The Ethiopian Investment Authority or any Regionalexecutive body empowered to give investment permitshall:I) carry out its functions pertaining to the registration

of commercial activity and issuance of licencesdelegated to it under Article 25 of the InvestmentProclamation, in compliance with thisProclamation and the Regulations;

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2) collect registration and licence fees in the name ofthe Appropriate Authority and forward the moneyto the Ministry of Finance or the Finance Bureau, asthe case may be, and notify the AppropriateAuthority of this fact;

3) forward to the Appropriate Authority quarterlyreport of the performance of delegated activitiesand documents relating to commercial registrationand issuance of licence.

44. Power to issue Public NoticesThe Appropriate AuthQrity may, when it deems itnecessary, issue public notices in order to carry out itspowers and duties.

Transitory Provisions1) Any business licence issued or renewed in accor-

dance with law during the budget year thisProclamation has come into force, shaH'be deemedto have been issued or renewed pursuant to thisProclamation.

2) Any business licence which is renewable on theeffective date of this Proclamation in accordancewith the law it was issued, shall be renewedpursuant to this Proclamation.

3) Commercial registration or trade name reg~strationmade according to the Domestic Trade RegulationProclamation No. 335/1987 and the DomesticTrade Regulations No. 109/1987 shall be deemedto have been made in accordance with thisProclamation.

4) Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 48 (1) (g)of this Proclamation, the Domestic TradeRegulations No.1 09/1987 shall remain in forceuntil Regional Councils issue their ownRegulations, in so far as they aree.notinconsistentwith the provisions of this Proclamation.

46. PenaltyWithout prejudice to administrative measures that maybe taken by the Appropriate Authority and unless theoffence is punishable with more severe penalty underother applicable laws:I) any person who engages in commercial activities

without having a valid business licence shall bepunished with fine equal to double the revenueestimated to have been earned by him during theperiod of time he operated the business without avalid business licence, and with imprisonment from3 upto 5 years;

2) any person who has intentionally got his businessor trade name registered or has obtained businesslicence cr got same renewed using false infor-mation shall be punished with fine equal to doublethe revenue estimated to have been obtained by himup to the time when it was discovered that he hasbeen registered or licenced by using falsestatement, and with imprisonment from 7 upto 10years;

3) any person who violates other provisions of thisProclamation or the Regulations or a public noticeshall be punished with fine from Birr 3,000 upto5,000 (Birr three thousands upto five thousands)and with imprisonment from 6 months upto 1year;

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4) without prejudice to the provisions of sub-Article(3) of this Article, any public servant or officialwho is assigned to petfonn duties relat~d tocommercial registration and issuance of licence andwho by taking bribes or through nepotism orfavouritism or other illegal relationships, made orcaused registration; issued, or caused the issuanceof licences; renewed or caused the renewal oflicences, otherwise than as provided for in thisProclamation shall be punished wi~him.,risonmentfrom 10 upto 15 years;

5) the penalty provided for under sub-Article (4) ofthis Article shall also be applicable to the personwho has given a bribe;

6) when the offence provided for in sub-Article (4) ofthis Article is committed by two persons, one asgiver and the other as recipient of the bribe, the onewho first exposes the commission of the offenceshall be free from criminal liability.

47. Power to Issue Regulations

The Council of Ministers or the Regional Councils shallissue Regulations in order to implement thisProclaqwion.

48. Laws Repealed and InconsistentI) The following laws are hereby repealed:

(a) The Business Enterprises RegistrationProclamatipn No. 184/1961;

(b) The Industrial Licence Proclamation No. 292/1971;

(c) The Foreign Trade Proclamation No. 293/1971;

(d) The Industrial Licence Regulations No. 423/1972;

(e) The Foreign Trade Regulations No. 424/1972;(t) The Regulation of Domestic Trade

Proclamation No. 335/1987;(g) The Domestic Trade Regulations No.1 09/

1987;(h) The Industrial Licence Council of Ministers

Regulations No. 8/1990;2) No other law or customary practice which is

inconsistent with this Proclamation shall haveeffect with respect to matters governed by thisProclamation.

Effective Date

This Proclamation shall come into force as of the 6" dayof March. 1997.Done at Addis Ababa, this 6" day of March, 1997.

NEGASO GIDADA (DR.)PRESIDENT OF 1H~ FEDERAL

DEMOCRATIC REPUB~IC OF E1HIOPIA

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APPENDIXCommercial Activities for whichBusiness Licences are Issued by

the Ministry Persuant to Article 20(2)of this Proclamation

I) Export.2) Import.3) Export and import.4) Foreign trade auxiliary service.S) Higher education.6) Hospital service.7) Trans-Regional hotel service.8) Trans-Regional tourist service

D Safari.D Tour operation.D Safari, tour operation and travel agency.

9) Cross-country road transport serv.iceD Passenger transport.D Freight transport.

10) Any press activity except those newspapers andmagazines whose circulation is limited to a particularRegion.

11) Customs clearance services.12) Courier services.13) Cargo inspection service for export and import of

goods.14) agricultural development established by a foreign

investor.1S) Industry established by a foreign investor.16) any service rendered by a foreign investor

D Agricultural service.D Engineering or other technical consultancy service.D First grade contractor or construction consultancy.D Water related construction service.D Educational service.D Health service.D Star designated hotels.D International restaurants specializing in cousines of a

particular nation.17) Other cOllUllelCialactivities permitted by law for. foreign investors.18) Other cOllUllelCialactivities for which the Ministry

issues licences by authorization of the Council ofMinisters.