agrobiodiversity agrobiodiversity, market development and … · 2014-05-08 · agrobiodiversity...
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Agrobiodiversity Agrobiodiversity, Market Developmentp
and Poverty Reduction
Alessandra GiulianiPhD Thesis
PhD Supervisor: Prof. Dr. H. HurniCDE, Institute of Geography
Bern, 17 December 2009
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Outline of the presentation
• Introduction
• Concepts and methods
• Results
• Discussion
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The role of agrobiodiversity (ABD) i i i li lih d
Intro
in improving livelihoods
• ABD is important to poor people
• ABD is declining
• Focus on
Neglected andNeglected and Underutilised
Species (NUS)Species (NUS)
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The role of markets (for NUS) f ll i i
Intro
for poverty alleviation
• R&D on market access
• Market chain analysis
• Market development for NUS
Challenges Opportunities
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Motivation for the studyIntro
• Approach to address market lacking for NUSppof ABD to INCOME
ABD MAINTENANCE
g
• Knowledge gaps on NUSNUS close to the
poor
• Multidisciplinary approach tradition, culture, environmentenvironment
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Research goal Intro
Better understanding of market development of ABD products (NUS) anddevelopment of ABD products (NUS) and
interventions to exploit their potential
In-situ conservation f ABD
Support rural li lih d of ABDlivelihoods
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Research objectives Intro
R h ti
• What are the livelihoods assets of people involved in Importance of
NUS to localResearch questionsp p
the production of target NUS?
NUS to local livelihoods
• How are the market chains f t t NUS i d?
Market chain of NUS d d of target NUS organised?
Who are the actors involved?
NUS products and actors involved
• What is the economic value• What is the economic value of NUS? What are their market constraints in
Conceptualisation of market value of
NUS general?NUS
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Research case studies Intro
Research sites and traditional geographical distribution of the species studied
Emmer Fig CaperJujube Mallow PurslaneLaurelSpecies:
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Outline
• Introduction
• Concepts and methods
• Results
• Discussion
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NUS studied in Syria C&M
Fi J j bFig Jujube
(SicilyC
MallowPurslane
(Sicily, Italy)Caper
MallowPurslane
Laurel
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Study sites in Syria C&M
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Study site in Turkey, on emmer C&M
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Research framework C&M
MARGINAL AREAS
Specificities of the
MARGINAL AREAS
Natural
M k
p(natural) environment
age
ABDNUS
Market chain actors
TK
-cu
lt h
erit
a
Financial Human
In-situImproveli lih d M k t
Physical
Bio
-
Social
livelihoodsSust. use
Market re-org
INSTITUTIONAL ENV.
Market (chain) development
Trade-offsImpact Activities/interventions
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Research approaches C&M
2. SLF (livelihood asset survey )
1. Value chain approach (market chain analysis)
NaturalProducers
Financial HumanProcessors
TradersPhysical Social
Traders
Consumers
3. Market Map (constraints /opportunities, enabling environment)
4. PMCA (involvement of chain actors)
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Research tools C&M
Focus Group DiscussionsKey Informant interviews
Household interviews with structured questionnaires
Market chain actors,
Key Informant interviewsMulti-stakeholder workshop
Market chain actors
structured questionnaires using purpose sampling
,researchers, govn’t officers
Livelihood assets, income/labour share
Species uses, market chain functions, actors’ roles
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Outline
• Introduction
• Concepts and methods
1 Th i t f NUS t li lih d
• Results1. The importance of NUS to livelihoods
2. Market chain of NUS and actors
• Discussion3. Conceptualising the value of NUS
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Some livelihood assets per actors i l d i NUS S i di
R 1
involved in NUS, Syrian case studies80 Illiteracy rate Market actors:
40
60
e acy a eCOLLECTORS
GROWERS
0
20
0
PROCESSORS
TRADERS
100 Average ratio to total of workers
0PC TG
60
80
g
20
40 Ratio family/tot
Ratio Women/tot
0
20Ratio Child/tot
PC TG
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Destination of product per market S i di
R 1
actor, Syrian case studies
% Household consumption versus sale Market actors:p
80100
COLLECTORS
GROWERS
20406080
PROCESSORS
TRADERS
0% HH consumption
S
PC TG
% Sale
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Income and labour share, Syrian case di
R 1
studies
Market actors:
25 22%23%
COLLECTORS
GROWERS
1520
25
10%
22%23%20% 18%
18%11 3%
13.4%PROCESSORS
TRADERS
510
% income share
% labour share
10%11.3%
0% labour share
PC TG
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Laurel soap market chain in Syria R 2
SYRIAN COLLECTORS/OIL PROCESSORS
TURKISH OIL PROCESSORS
TRADERSIMPORT TRADERS
HERBALIST/ RETAILERSTRADERS
SOAP MAKERS
LOCAL CONSUMERS
Final price2 6 $/ K
IMPORTERS, DISTRIBUTORS
FOREIGN HERBALIST
2-6 $/ Kg
FOREIGN CONSUMERS Final price
20-24 $ / Kg
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Laurel soap market in Syria R 2
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Caper market chain in Syria R 2
COLLECTORS from the wild1USD= 50 SYP
CHIEF COLLECTOR
30 SYP/kg
MANAGER55 SYP/kg
35 SYP/kg
TURKISH TRADERS
LOCAL TRADERS
90 SYP/kg
g
TURKISH FACTORY
300 SYP/kg
FINAL CONSUMERS IN EUFINAL PRICE up to 30 $/Kg
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Caper market in Syria R 2
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Multi-stakeholders workshop: Caper market in Syria
R 2
Caper market in Syria
• Participatory approach to develop a market • Focus on poor region• Focus on poor region• Collaboration with a developing agency• Collaboration and trust among actors• Validation of the research results
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Emmer bulgur market chain in T k
R 2
TurkeyFarmers-traders 1USD= 1 5 YTLa e s ade s
10% of product
Hulled grains0.4 YTL/Kg
1USD= 1.5 YTL
Millers
p
2 YTL/Kg
1.5 YTL/Kg1.5 YTL/Kg
2 YTL/Kg
Retailers
2 YTL/Kg 2 YTL/Kg
Consumers
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Enabling environment: examples from Italy on caper and emmer
R 2
from Italy on caper and emmer• Selection of cultivar throughSelection of cultivar through generations
• Farmers’ cooperatives• Farmers cooperatives• Traditional know-how and modern technologiesmodern technologies
• Promotion and marketing istrategies
• National and EU certification (GIs)
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Conceptualising the market value of NUS
R 3
NUS
Identify the species’
Define appropriate Increase the
li lih dspecies current and
potential
appropriate policy/ market
livelihoods of primary producersvalue response producers
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Concept: Economic value of NUSprivate
R 3
Private / Public value
private
Private / Public valuepublic
Temporal value
No more valued today Currently rising Always been undervaluedUnderdevelopedNew or nicheOld or traditional
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Concept: NUS Market constraints R 3
Missing markets Market imperfections
No access to the market - quantity produced < capacity- price < full valueprice < full value- rent not fairly distributed
- high transaction costs - lack of credits
- freshness constraints - weak demand
- lack of economic incentives
- inefficient supply (processing, quality cultivar, market chain organization)market chain organization)
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Addressing market constraints with 3 diti
R 3
3 necessary conditionsExpansion of the demandExpansion of the demand
i.e. PromotionProduct differentiation
Increase the efficiency in ythe market chain
i.e. Information sharing
C l f h l
gVertical/horizontal integration
Control of the supply
i.e. Specification of quality attributes
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Concept: ABD maintenance versusi i
R 3
income improvement
A F0
arm
A
ty o
n fa
AiiEmmer Italy
F2
dive
rsit y
grob
iod
F1Ai
I Household income
Ag
Ii
Kokum India Emmer Turkey
I Household incomeI
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Outline
• Introduction
• Concepts and methods
• Results
• Discussion
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Conclusions Dis
• Adaptability to harsh environments
• Accessibility to the poor
• Strategic role of market of NUS on• Strategic role of market of NUS on livelihoods (10-20% income)
• Limited research on NUS
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Conclusions (cont.) Dis
• Development of markets involves family members
• Market is mainly based on the link between local natural resources and traditional knowledgeg
• Many constraints hamper the development of market potentialmarket potential
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Recommendations Dis
• Consumer demand: research and awareness
• Production/collection: capacityProduction/collection: capacity building/knowledge sharing
• Processing/value adding: technology
• Reorganisation of market: improve market• Reorganisation of market: improve market functioning
Public-private interventionPublic private intervention
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Research implications Dis
• Multidisciplinary approachy
• Discuss the findings with the stakeholders
• Market chain - livelihoods analysis
• Collaboration with local researchers• Collaboration with local researchers
• Effort to convert results into developmentp
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My personal experience Dis
• Life trainingg
• Collaboration and exchange experience
• Frustration: development results?
Research and work skills• Research and work skills
• Interest and passion in ABD and TKInterest and passion in ABD and TK
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Thank youy