agriculture( by-goel & company ludhiana)
DESCRIPTION
agricultureTRANSCRIPT
Agriculture
Agriculture
Culture = cultivation
agri = soil
AgricultureAgriculture is the science, art and
industry of managing the growth of plants and animals for make use of by humans. In general, agriculture includes soil cultivation, growing and harvesting crops, raising and breeding livestock, dairy, and forestry (Crop Farming, Animal Husbandry, Dairy Farming, Forestry, Poultry Farming, Soil Management).
Types of farmingDepending upon the geographical conditions,
demandof produce, labor and level of technology, farming is
divided into TWO main types
Subsistence Farmin
g
Commercial
Farming
Subsistence Farming
Practised to meet the needs of the farmer’s family
Low levels of technology and small amount of labour is used
Output of subsistence farming is used for the existence of the farmer’s family
Subsistence Farming
Intensive
Subsistence
Farming
Primitive Subsistence Farming
Intensive Subsistence Farming
Farmer cultivates a small plot of land
Uses simple tools and more labour
More than one crop annually because of more number of days with sunshine
What is shifting cultivation?
• Shifting cultivation is a farming system where farmers move on from one place to another when the land becomes exhausted.
• Shifting Cultivation is often practiced by primitive tribes in the forested highlands of the Amazon Basin, Congo Basin, etc.
• The most common form• is slash-and-burn
Oh yeah~
Shifting Cultivation
Arunachal PradeshAssamManipurMeghalayaMizoramNagalandTripura
Advantages Disadvantages
Easy to grow quickly Not long termEnvironmentally friendly
because it is organic farming Not good for land that is used
only for one type of crop
It is often a form of weed control.
Not enough food
It can play a part in pest management. Not cost effective
Troublesome to move around all the time
It may reduce the incidence of soil-borne diseases.
How was it done?
Cutting of trees Burning of felled trees
Environmental Effects
• Deforestation• soil erosion• loss of biodiversity• pollution of coastal waters from oil residue and raw sewage.
HOW CAN U PREVENT IT FROM HAPPENING?
• Minimize cultivation as much as possible.• Try to use less aggressive forms of cultivation.• Cultivate at an appropriate soil moisture
content (especially when using aggressive implements)
• • When you are using implements that mix soil throughout the cultivation depth, restrict the depth of working to 5 cm or less.
Commercial Farming
The area of cultivation is very large
Crops are grown, animals are reared for sale in market
Amount of human labour is very less
Most of the work is done by machines
Plantation
• In this type of farming, a single crop is grown on a large area.
• The plantation has an interface of agriculture & industry.
• Plantations cover large tracts of land, using capital intensive inputs, with the help of migrant labourers.
• All the produce is used as raw material in respective industries.
The end!!