الرحمـناللهبســـمالرحـيم

Agricultural Extension System in Sudan

Mohamed Saad Ali

Welcome

Sudan profileSudan profile

Sudan map

NameThe Republic of the Sudan.

Geographic location15 00 N, 30 00 E is situated in the north-eastern corner of Africa.

Area1,861,484 sq km

Rank 16th

Border countries: Central African Republic, Chad Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Libya, South

ClimateHot and dry; arid desert; rainy season varies by region (April to November)

Population34 million (2010)

LiteracyTotal population: 61.1%male: 71.8%female: 50.5% (2003 est.)

languageArabicEnglishLocal languages.

Independent1 January 1956 (from Egypt and the UK)

CapitalKhartoum

Governable typeSudan is a presidential, federal republic

Number of states14

CurrencySudan Pounds

Agriculture contributeIt contributes to about 39% of the total GDP, provides employment to about 65% of the population

Water resources Blue and White Nile rivers that merged at Khartoum to form the River Nile.RainGroundwater

Export cropsCotton, Sesame, Gum Arabic and livestock

History of agricultureHistory of agriculture The beginning of agricultural research in The beginning of agricultural research in

Sudan dates back to 1902Sudan dates back to 1902 The Gazeera scheme was established in The Gazeera scheme was established in

1925. 2 million Ha.1925. 2 million Ha. Agricultural Extension started in 1938-1941 Agricultural Extension started in 1938-1941

by Mr. Pecon dean of agriculture school by Mr. Pecon dean of agriculture school before independent.before independent.

Agriculture college established in1939. Agriculture college established in1939. After independent the agric. Extension was After independent the agric. Extension was

established by UAS AID in 1958 in southern established by UAS AID in 1958 in southern states states

Farming SystemFarming System

with sugar cane, cotton, wheat, sorghum, with sugar cane, cotton, wheat, sorghum, groundnut, fruits and vegetables as main groundnut, fruits and vegetables as main crops growncrops grown

Irrigated AgricultureIrrigated Agriculture

Pivot irrigationConventional tillage

Palm date wheat

Grapefruitssorghum

Mechanized Rainfed AgricultureMechanized Rainfed Agriculture

With sorghum as a principle crop in With sorghum as a principle crop in addition to sesame and small amount of addition to sesame and small amount of short fiber cottonshort fiber cotton

Traditional Rainfed AgricultureTraditional Rainfed Agriculture

With millet, sesame, groundnut and With millet, sesame, groundnut and Roselle as major crops.Roselle as major crops.

Conventional seeding

Traditional harvestConventional seeding

Supplementary irrigation

Hibiscus Sesame

Gum Arabic Millet

Sudanese sheepSudanese sheep

Agricultural ExtensionAgricultural Extension

General Administration General Administration of Technology Transfer and of Technology Transfer and

Extension Extension TTEATTEA

FeaturesFeatures

Governmental system Governmental funding National coverage by the public sector A decentralized Focus on technology transfer

 

ObjectivesObjectives

Modernization of agricultureModernization of agriculture Increase crop yields & improve quality of Increase crop yields & improve quality of

produce produce Improve Farmers IncomeImprove Farmers Income Through the sustainable use of natural Through the sustainable use of natural

resources, to the Human Prosperity via resources, to the Human Prosperity via successful, profitable & sustainable successful, profitable & sustainable agricultural production agricultural production

The Mandate of TTEAThe Mandate of TTEA

• Mobilizing of the stakeholders in Agriculture

• Adoption and Transfer of modern technologies.

• Strengthen linkages of agricultural Institutions

approachYear Target group

Participatory 1995Rainfed farmers

Farmer field school 1992Irrigated farmers

Public & private partnership

2004Rainfed farmers

Approaches

Irrigated farmers

Irrigated farmers

Rainfed farmers

All farmers

1925Commodity

1985T&V System

1990Community R.D

1958General

Seed ExtensionInformation

GDTTEA

TTEA Irrigated Schemes

TTEA

State level

TTC

Agricultural Engineering

Ministry of Agriculture

Federal level

Locality farmers

Agricultural Extension levelsAgricultural Extension levels Federal levelFederal level

Development of policies, strategies and work to link the guidance of contributors (technical training and support)

State levelState level

Working directly with producers - guidance - change the attitudes -the transmission of skills

LocalityLocality

Working directly with producers and farmers.

Rural family

Women

Farmers group

Farmers

Target Group

• Vacation varieties Committee• agricultural farming Committee • Pesticides Committee

Linkage with research

1. Demonstration field2. TV & Radio Programme3. Farmer Field School4. Meeting5. Field Visit6. Internet .7. Mobile Phone

Extension Methods

CultureCulture

Sudanese facesSudanese faces

Sudanese faces

Sudanese face

Sudanese face

Sudanese face

Sudanese face

Sudanese dress

weddingwedding

Sudanese dance

HouseHouse

Sudanese village house

Nubian house

Medium house

Riche house

SchoolsSchools

Village school

town school

Modern school

GRAIN SILO

HospitalHospital

The Nile River Map

Blue and White Nile rivers that merged at Khartoum to form the River Nile

Sudanese Pyramids

Sudanese Pyramids

Sudanese Temple of archaeological

Republican Palace

Thank You