agribusiness and food processing - gujarat · pdf file04 scenario of gujarat / initiatives for...
TRANSCRIPT
Grading/soarting at Village
Value addition -Food Processing
Agro Tourism
Green house
Agribusiness and
Food processing An emerging business
opportunity
Compiled by : MAYANK MEHTA 1/5/2015 C/o THE CENTRE FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT 1/9, Udyog Bhavan, Gandhinagar. Ph. 079-23243847, (M) 9099195679 E-mail : [email protected]
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Dedicated to
Saraswatidevi -Goddess of Knowledge
Certainly, there is no purifier in this world like 'Knowledge. ' He
who is himself perfected in YOGA finds it in the Self in time.
Shrimad Bhagwad Geeta || 4.38 ||
Nothing will benefit human health and increase the chances for survival of life on
Earth as much as the evolution to a vegetarian diet.
Albert Einstein
Learn from yesterday, live for today, hope for tomorrow. The important thing is
not to stop questioning. Keep on sowing your seed, for you never know which will
grow - perhaps it all will.
Albert Einstein
AlwAys dreAm “to do sometHnInG”
NOT
“to Be sometHInG”
Narendra Modi
Prime Minister (India)
I am inspired by “ VANCHE GUJARAT “ the movement initiated by Shri Narendra Modi
then Honorable then Chief Minister of Gujarat
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By the grace and inspiration of Goddess Saraswati Devi, I have been able to
write this note / paper on Agri. Entrepreneurship. Neither I possess any
benchmark degree nor do I possess influencing / higher position in my
organisation. I have tried my level best to cover major areas, related to
Agri. Entrepreneurship, which I have learnt from my training/by attending
various talks, conferences, sharing of knowledge from various eminent
personalities of this industry, by reading of Books/ magazines and of course
Internet - the modern gate way of knowledge and information.
I am very much thankful to Dr. Chandan Chatterjee, Director CED and Dr. P
Chandra Shekhara, Director MANAGE Hyderabad, who have always
encouraged me and guided me for advanced learning. I cannot forget my
colleagues (family members of CED), for complementing at this juncture, who
have supported me in my day to day work.
For accuracy, I have tried to collect statistics from various web sites. Hope
this note may be useful to Entrepreneur and of course policy maker. Gujarat
should focus on Agri. Entrepreneurship by conducting Agri. Entrepreneurship
Development programmes.
As this is my first experience, and I am at learning stage, there is possibility
of mistake; I am expecting suggestions and guidance from readers.
Before implementing new idea, Entrepreneur / progressive farmer should
check viability of project / idea and its impact, then he should implement it.
I am very much thankful to my colleague, especially to Shri I K Nair for
extending his help to complete this paper.
With regards,
Mayank Mehta
Most of the images printed here are downloaded from internet, I am very much thankful
for concern website owners.
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Content Sequence
Sequence Content
01 Importance of Agriculture – Food by Shri Krishna
02 Indian agriculture at a glance
03 Specific opportunities in Agribusiness sector
04 Scenario of Gujarat / Initiatives for Agriculture Sector
05 New opportunity in fiber / floriculture
06 Spices / natural color
07 Agro forestry/Medicinal plants
08 Organic farming / contract plantation/farming
09 Crop production / management
10 Precision farming / agriculture
11 Women empowerment
12 Post harvest management
13 Entrepreneurship
14 What is agri. business
15 Value addition / food processing
16 Biscuit / bakery 17 Important Law / licensing authority
18 Tips to became successful entrepreneur
19 Bio coal
20 Agro tourism
21 Automation / mechanized farming
22 Important address / web site
23 Pictures/ Graph
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executive Summary
Agriculture is considered as the backbone of our economy. In our country,
agriculture has been practiced since ancient time; India is the third largest
producer of food in the world. Frozen, canned, processed food, dairy to
beverages & soft drinks, spices and food grain, thus our agro sector / industry
has many diversified area. Indian Agriculture produce / food processing industry
are in stage of development, influenced by changing life style. Growing income of
mass middle and upper middle class will obviously a driving force for Agro and
Food processing industry.
Cost benefit, profit and quality can be added in Agri. Output by way of
Entrepreneurship and management. A right kind of knowledge and managerial
soft skill can be provided through entrepreneurship. An approach for cultivating
Entrepreneurship for the rural population is the need of the hour and also
essential. Agribusiness includes the producing of any food item (Food grain –
Fruits – Vegetables- Flowers), processing, and supply of agricultural goods which
range from Corn to Cornflake, Fruits to Fruit juice and of course Cotton to Cloth.
Organic farming requires great concentration, consideration and
research. In recent past so many people continuously started
concentration to take healthy and balanced diet particularly chemical
free.
Post harvest management – operations (…need of an hour)
Indian farmers have started to adopt modern farming technology. This has
resulted in to increase crop intensity and higher yields, which has resulted in
marketable surplus which has to be stored in hygienic storage, till actually it is
sold.
In India post harvest losses is estimated 25%. (Approx.20 million tons a year).
Processed Food, Food Processing Industry –
In our country, at one side there is surplus of agro produce and other side there
is shortage of quality nutritious food or one has to pay higher price for food. Lack
of food processing development activities and shortage of proper infrastructure
for storage of agro produce is root cause for this.
Development of food processing sector helps to improve the value of Agri.
produce, which ultimately helps to boost farmer‟s income.
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Highly efficient food processing industry could contribute in the nation's food
security by post harvest management of Fruits and Vegetables, around 30% of
our fruits and vegetables produce are wasted due to lack of proper post harvest
management.
By processing of vegetables and fruits, Agripreneur can reduce this loss that will
give better returns and improve the income level of the farmers. In recent years
concept of Conventional farming to Commercial farming is popular, which
means shifting from traditional food grains growing to horticulture produce like
exotic fruit and vegetables, medicinal, aromatic and ornamental plants, spices,
plantation crops which include coconut, cashew nuts. The Ministry of Food
Processing Industries, Government of India has started to assist in Infrastructure
development, setting up of Mega Food Parks, cold chain infrastructure, value
added centers and Packaging centers.
Bakery
Opening up of Indian economy has made Indian manufacturers to access international suppliers
of raw material and technology, results is to ease availability of important inputs (raw material)
and machinery. Thus baking became affordable to Indian consumers.
Gujarat aims to become world class producer and supplier of Agriculture
produce, in which it is competitive and highest in productive. Diversified cropping
pattern, Varied Soil and climatic conditions has made Gujarat preferable place for
agriculture activities.
Tourism industry in India is growing at the rate of 10% which is more than double
times higher that the growth rate at global level. By introducing Agro-Tourism
concept, not only present growth rate is sustained, but also this value addition
contributes to further growth.
Floriculture
Post globalization in India, floriculture has become an important commercial
activity in the Agriculture sector. India is considered as one of the fastest and
largest growing retail market and it is estimated to cross US$200 billion by 2016.
Government should stop acquisition of fertile Agriculture land. The youth of
villages should be motivated to go for farming. More schools and colleges for
Agriculture – farming study should be established in rural area so that Scientific
and advance knowledge in agriculture sectors can be provided to farmers /
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youth. Entrepreneurship Awareness camp should be organized to motivate
Farming / Agriculture activity in rural area. Women‟s contribution to agriculture
development has been continues to be very important and crucial to the National
Economy, yet many women in this sector remain informal and invisible. Women
can be considered to be a valuable resource and needed to be organised and
should be recognised in the field of entrepreneurship, especially in the rural
agricultural sector
Herbal plantation is an emerging opportunity. Generally, Herbal plants grow
without many efforts i.e. naturally, in different Forest areas or near habitats and
some are cultivated. Ayurvedic medicines and cosmetics are manufactured from
herbal plants (leaf). Mostly in tribal area and now, by health consciousness
people, Herbal plants are also used as food and for flavouring. Farmers /
Entrepreneurs can earn more without investing more money.
Information & Communication Technology (ICT) (in Agri. Business)
Today, Information Technology Enabled Services ITES are becoming the
backbone of every activity of agriculture / Agribusiness. Information &
Communication Technology (ICT) is playing crucial role in context of
globalisation
Thus we can summaries
o Farmers should be encouraged to adopt modern farming techniques. o Industry should stop encroach fertile land. o Next generation of farmer should be motivated so that they continue the
farming activity. o Farmers should be asked to adopt new technology. o Diversified new cropping pattern should be adopted. o Should try to cultivate Entrepreneurship among the rural population
through special Agripreneurship programme. o Foreign Direct Investment should be attracted for infrastructure and
modern food processing technology. o Farmers should be encouraged and trained for using modern farming
tools. o Focus should be given on post harvest management. o Skill training should be imparted to farmers / un employed youths of
villages for use of modern farm tools/ equipments.
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Shri Krishna in Shrimad Bhagvad Geeta, has shown necessity and importance of
Food for entire life cycle on earth.
Indian economy is agrarian in nature (Agricultural Economics) and agriculture
is considered as the backbone of our economy. In our country, agriculture has
been practiced since ancient time, when other developed sectors were not even
in existence; farming was only life sustaining activity.
“Agriculture is locomotive of our economy and a prosperous rural
economy based on agriculture will ultimately make the nation
prosperous “
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
India is the third largest producer of food in the world. Indian market for fresh
fruits and vegetables is estimated at $35 billion. Organised retailing is $73 million
which is growing at the rate of 30 percent.
Frozen, canned, processed food, dairy to beverages & soft drinks, spices and
food grain,…. thus our agro sector / industry has many diversified area to choose
for business activity. For Indian Agri. entrepreneur, there are ample trade
opportunities in Agribusiness because of competitive pricing advantages,
excellent export potential and availability of internationally comparable agri.
produce.
“All living bodies subsist of food grains, which are
produced by rains. Rains are produced by performance
of yajna [sacrifice], and yajna is born of prescribed
duties.”
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Indian Agriculture produce / food industry is in stage of development, influenced
by changing life style (hygienic and healthy food).Growing income of mass
middle and upper middle class (Fortune at the bottom of Pyramid that what
Management guru Dr. C K Prahalad called) will, obviously a driving force for Agro
and Food processing industry.
Kellogs (Corn flakes) is best example. People have started eating healthy and
nutritious food as a breakfast / snacks and leaving traditional food in breakfast.
12th FIVE YEAR Plan seeks to achieve 4 per cent agriculture sector growth
during 2012-17. - Source http://www.indianexpress.com/
India at a glance
Irrigated area 57 million acres
India rank 1st in world production of Mango, Pomegranate and Cashew
Horticulture crops like fruit, vegetables occupy about 65% of are under
cultivation (91 million hectares)
Production of fruit has grown at the rate of 129 % and of vegetables @ 125
% during 1991-92 to 2007-2008
Plenty of opportunity in Food, Fruit, Vegetable processing, Logistic and
storage as post harvest los in India is very high.
Many multinational companies keen on India as a sourcing hub for
agri.produce
India is largest consumer and also exporter spices (Rs.464 crore in the
year 2009)
India is large global producer of food grain (234 million tonnes)
Export of fresh fruit / vegetables have grown to about Rs.2000 crores.
Source: http://efreshglobal.com/eFresh/Content/AgriProfile.aspx?u=indprof
Major fruits in india: Mango, Banana, Pomegranate, Grape, Sweet orange, Guava,
Papaya,Lichi, Apples, Pineapples and Sapota
Major vegetables in india: Potato, Tomato, Carrot, Brinjal, Cabbage, Cauliflower,
guards, Ladyfinger, Onion, Major leafy vegetables
Major spices in india: Chilies, Cardamom, Ginger, Turmeric, Saffron,
Other area is Cut flower, Oil seed, Fiber, Pulses, Cearls
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Indian Agri. sector needs to focus on major three activities
Indian farmer should adopt mechanized farming; new equipments should be
used by farmers, Information Technology should be deployed for helping agri.
sector and small land of marginal farmers which is not used for cropping due to
non availability of water should be utilized for farming / cultivation activity.
Classification of land in terms of Agriculture
MEADOWS ORCHARDS ARABLE
There are 3 types of land so far agriculture is concerned (1) MEADOWS –
where the grass is growing automatically (naturally) this land is used for grazing
of live stock (2) ORCHARDS – where there are permanent crops is grown for
example fruit plants, and , (3) ARABLE land – where annual crops such as
cereals, cotton, potatoes and other vegetables and food grains are grown, this
Arable land is called FALLOW land which means temporarily uncultivated land.
So far as, Entrepreneurial opportunities / Business opportunities in Agri. Sector
are concern agriculture sector can be divided into main two segments
Major focus area
Increase agriculture production
Crop management
Food preservation/
processing
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(1) Farming / Pre harvest (2) Post harvest segment
Farming / Pre harvest Post Harvest Some Other New & emerging
opportunities
Vegetables
Fresh Fruits
Green House
Herbal Plantation
Agro Forestry
Floriculture
Organic farming
Grading
Food processing
Cold storage
Value addition
Logistic
Fast food/ Food
items produce
Herbal produce
cleaning, sorting,
grading and packing
Organic fertilizer
Natural Dyes / Color
Agri. Clinic
Agro. Waste fuel
Waste land plantation
Salicornia, Jatropha
Bio fuel),
Tree planting service
Farm Equipments/ tools , Agri. Tourism, Floriculture, Health and wellness , Tree
plantation, Bio fuel are other components of Agri. sector
Components of
Agribusiness
Baby food
Cereal
Canned food
Bakery
Vegetables-Fruits
Dairy
Confectionery
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Scenario of Gujarat
Gujarat possess 1.96 lakh sq. K.ms. total geographical areas, total cultivable
area is around 107.02 lakh hectares (sourcehttp://agri.gujarat.gov.in), this is
enough to select Agri. Business activity in Gujarat. Gujarat has achieved
Agricultural Growth rate at 9.6 percent.
Gujarat aims to become world class producer and supplier of Agriculture
produce, in which it is competitive and highest in productive.
Diversified cropping pattern, Varied Soil and climatic conditions has made
Gujarat preferable place for agriculture activities.
Gujarat is the fourth in the country in terms of per capita agricultural output.
Gujarat has achieved highest efficiency (in productivity per hector) in Guava,
Potato, Fennel, Cotton, Onion, Isabgul etc.
Gujarat is largest producer of Castor and Cumin in the world.
Stages of farm equipments involved in agriculture
Land leveling/tillage
Seed sowing & planting
Protection of Plant / crop
Harvesting
Post harvesting
activity
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Population, living below the poverty line in Gujarat is sizable. Agricultural growth
will help for reducing poverty in rural areas. Agricultural growth directly impact in
reduction of poverty. To reduce poverty it is necessary to give priority to growth
of agriculture and agriculture related activities. Cultivable Area in Gujarat is 86.00
lakh ha.
Gujarat needs to look at protecting farmer‟s interest which may help farmer to
increase their revenue, Government through its various departments should
focus on marketing linkage and agri-business infrastructure, a holistic frame work
should be done through Skill Development / Skill up-gradation, which also
increases employment opportunities in Agriculture sector. If we focus on Skill
development, up-gradation of Skill, automatically Global player will come to
Gujarat and build export infrastructure which will enable us to tap every
opportunity for our presence in International market of vegetables and fruits and
other Agro. produce. To grab competitive advantage a strategy should be made
for more and more use of Information and communication technology (ICT),
establishing of Food parks, Agri. Specialised Economic Zones and Common
processing hub near farms.
However Gujarat has achieved tremendous growth in horticulture during last five
years. The area & production of horticulture crop has reached 13.54 lakh per
hector, in 2010-11 which was 5.89 lakh Per hector, in 1998-99 Horticulture
produce reached to 173 lakh tons in 2010/11 which was 59.49 lakh tons in 1998-
1999.
There are 265 cold storages having 12.50 lakh mt. storage capacities in the
State. There are around 42 Fruit & Vegetable co-operative marketing societies
and 197 Agriculture Produce Market Committees (APMCs) which are selling &
buying of horticulture produce in the State of Gujarat.
Advantages Gujarat
Gujarat should see agro industry as the offshoot of agriculture. Agro-industry
which mainly consists of the post-harvest activities includes processing and
preserving of agricultural produce for interim storage or for final consumption.
Like India, in Gujarat too, Agri. industry is a very important/ backbone of the
manufacturing industry to increase the industrial capabilities. Being closest to
Middle East / Gulf countries, Gujarat enjoys location advantages. Most of land
portion in Middle East / Gulf countries is dry, there is less rain; there is no
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possibility of Agriculture. Gulf countries have to import most of Food / Agri.
produce. Gujarat should grab this opportunity by exporting Agro produce.
Focus area of infrastructure may be as below:
Itamised focus area of opportunities in Agri. Business
Food grains
Vegetables
Carrot, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Beans,
Okra, Peppers, Tomato, Bell peppers,
Gherkins, Onion, Peas etc.
Fruits
Mango, Papaya, Pineapple, Guava,
Pomegranate, Lime, Sweet orange,
Banana, Grape, Sapota
Flowers
Rose, Coronations, Gerbera
Processed Fruit :
Fruit pulp, concentrates, flavors,
extracts, frozen fruits, frozen
vegetables, pickle, assorted products.
Medicinal ,Aromatic plants, Essential
oils
Dairy products
Butter, Ghee ,Milk, Milk powder, cheese,
Curd
Organic products
Fruits, Vegetables, Food grains,
Mushrooms, Medicinal & Aromatic
plants
Gujarat is good at infrastructure by having 200 APMC and 401 Market yards.
Added advantage of Gujarat.
1600 Km long coastal area.
Diversified Crops and Cropping systems.
Good transport facilities -- Ports & Airports.
Strong Agri.marketing system, Agro based Industries & Co-
operatives.
Farmers having business instincts.
Narmada canal - irrigation – main resource of water.
Eight agro climatic zones.
In future, commercial Agriculture research will start through collaboration with
farmers / industry and focus area will be bio fertilizer, organic food and
biotechnology which will increase exportability of agro produce and help in
environment management.
Collection centres at village Grading / sorting shades Storage halls Pre-cooling Cold storage Primary Processing Centers (PPC)
Pack house Silo (an air tight structure for fresh crop)
Large logistic parks / warehouse
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Under the World Trade Organisation (WTO) norms, Gujarat will capitalize on
large developed market for horticulture produce.
In short opportunities in Gujarat in the area of Agriculture and Horticulture can
be classified as below :-
Cold storage
Fresh fruit and Vegetable pack house
Mechanised grain clean and sorting, handling
Storage at ports
Food parks (Mega and mini)
Terminal marketing
Irradiation centres
Terminal market
“Terminal Market is a central site, often in a metropolitan area,
that serves as an assembly and trading place for agricultural
commodities….
(US House Committee on Agriculture)
Cotton agronomy:
India is the 2nd largest producer of cotton. Cotton textile demand is continuously
increasing across the globe particularly Asian countries. Gujarat is a largest
producer of cotton constituting around 35% share of India‟s production. Gujarat
farmers are delivering cotton lint and cotton yarn to global market Gujarat will
have lion share in handpicked cotton. Now Gujarati entrepreneurs need to
establish more and more spinning and weaving units so that by value addition
chain cotton – fabric (yarn) – to fashion (garment) employment can be generated.
Keeping in mind importance of cotton to cloth the Gujarat Government has
introduced new Textile policy “Resolution no TEX/102012/65117/T dated 25/6/13
where in many incentive has been declared for cotton / textile related industries.
In spite of good Agriculture growth, Gujarat lags behind in Agri. Business and
Agro. Tourism sector compared to Maharashtra, Andhra, Karnataka and Kerala.
In Gujarat, there is a need to adopt Common Facility Approach like Common Soil
testing laboratory at Taluka H.Q, Common Tractor providing by Govt. to marginal
farmer (on nominal charges), Taluka level food grain common storage / sorting /
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grading facility, speedy transport / logistic facility, Common packing house,
Common internet access facility, as a part of ICT in agriculture etc.
By using latest technology – Biotechnology, Green house farming, Micro and drip
irrigation, Gujarat can achieve higher productivity of various Agro. Produce, and
by processing of Agri. produce Gujarat can make lion share in Agri. business.
Floriculture & Horticulture also needs to be addressed as the top priority by the
farmers / Agri. entrepreneurs they should cultivate exotic flowers, fruits and
vegetables in Green House. Rose, Mogra, Marigold and Lilly are major flowers
which are produced in Gujarat. Mango, Cheeku ,Guava, Banana, Papaya and
Citrus are major fruit produced in Gujarat. State is also leading in Milk production
which gives ample opportunities for Milk and Dairy produce business activity.
Gujarat Government has targeted to increase the number of Greenhouses from
current 150 to around 1,000 in next three years.
Agriculture Export Zone (AEZ) for dehydrated onion & zone for fruits - vegetables
has been established, which will boost horticultural development in the state.
State has set up Gujarat State Horticulture Mission (GSHM) for implementation
of NHM in the state. Sustainable agribusiness ventures whether it is small,
medium of large, can promote job-led economic growth in rural areas of Gujarat.
Gujarat Agro. Policy (new Agro policy will be announced in short while (The Times of
India 28/05/2013)
In the new industrial policy the state has identified agro industries as the major
thrust area. The policy aims to spur investments in agro processing, agro
infrastructure and hi tech agriculture by monetary and non-monetary incentives.
The key features of the state policy are:
Interest subsidy to agro industrial units and infrastructure projects.
Assistance in preparation of project reports.
Assistance in setting up of excellence / specific crop development
institutes.
Assistance in quality certification.
Assistance in patent registration.
Airfreight subsidy for agro exports.
Assistance in research and development activities in the sector.
Equity participation in joint sector format to facilitate private
investment
Provision of Government land on long lease basis at concessional rate.
(Source:- http://www.gujexim.com)
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Gujarat Government’s Initiatives for Agriculture Sector
(Source:- http://www.gujagro.org/initiatives.htm
1 Canalizing For Onion
2 Integrated Pack House for Fruits & Vegetables
3 Banana Pack House at Uchchab
4 Centre for Perishable Cargo
5 Modern Potato Cold storage at Deesa
6 Onion Cold storage at Mahuva
7 Gamma Irradiation processing plant Three main sources of growth in Gujarat's agriculture are:
Increased cotton output.
The rapid growth of the high value segment, viz. livestock, fruits
& vegetables.
Wheat produces, growing at average rate of 28% annually.
Government of Gujarat is trying to uplift urban and rural needy people by various
schemes for sustainable livelihood approach. Mission Mangalam is one of them,
which is helping in improving sustainable livelihood of urban / rural needy people.
New opportunity in natural Fibre – Textile
Cotton, flax and hemp, are the most used vegetables fibres. Sisal, Jute, Kenaf,
Bamboo and Coconut are other source of natural fibre. Fibres made out of Hemp
are mainly used for ropes and aerofoils and can resist against an aggressive
environment. For example, they are used as a seal against the heating and
sanitary industries.
Flax - Hemp (Images –Picture -2)
By encouraging use of Natural fibres we can develop our economy, as imported
material will be replaced by natural fibres.
Increasing prices of crude oil, is matter of concern and also of environmental consideration; growth has been shown in use of natural fibres within the plastic, automobile, building industries, apart from textile.
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Gujarati entrepreneur are known for their opportune in everything particularly in
business…! Where there is money matters. Gujarati entrepreneur should come
forward for opportunities as a new source of Fabric.
Saluyot Picture – 3
Saluyot (http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-207292281.html)
Saluyot has been chosen one of the 15 of the world‟s major natural fibres by The
United Nations (UN) General Assembly. This announcement was made in Year
2009 (International Year of Natural Fibres).
Fabric made out of Saluyot , possess fineness, tensile strength and residual gum
properties. The Philippine Textile Research Institute (PTRI) has introduced
natural Fabric made out of saluyot, maguey. The fabrics made out of this plant
can ideally be used in Furnishing / home textile, apparels (Source:- PTRI
researchers.)
Maguey TO VISUALISE Please see Picture – 4
Maguey is a crop that produces fibre to use in clothing textiles, rope, and heavy
matting.
Our progressive farmer should find out the possibility of cultivation of this plant in
Gujarat,just like [[olives being grown in a nursery in north Gujarat could do the
same for the edible oil industry. THE TIMES OF INDIA - 17 May 2011,]] our
Government should help farmers to find out possibilities of commercially
cultivation of this plant. However before going further, one should study related
aspects properly.
We should also find out source of Natural dyes (colors) for cloth printing, which is
of high demand worldwide.
Floriculture ……an emerging opportunity
Post globalization in India, floriculture has become an important commercial
activity in the Agriculture sector. India is considered as one of the fastest and
largest growing retail market and it is estimated to cross US$ 200 billion by 2016.
Rising income and increasing consumerism in urban area will add fuel in growth
of rural consumption. Total area under flower crops is estimated around 34,000
hectares.
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The estimated growth rate is about 8%, while this sector will be growing at 15%
annually. Government of India has identified Floriculture as the sunrise industry
and accorded it 100% export oriented status. As per ASSOCHAM this sector will
grow at a compounded annual growth rate of about 30 %, India‟s floriculture
industry is likely to cross Rs 8,000 crore mark by 2015.
Gradually, floriculture is taking strong roots in India, as globalization has
influence local culture. Here, for an example, we can quote increasing number of
events celebration ….Father‟s day, Mother‟s day, Children‟s day, Teacher‟s day,
Parent‟s day etc. that has increased the demand for gifting the flower.
Considering of increasing in domestic and international demand, large corporate
house like TATA, BIRLA, ESSAR have also entered in this field. Most important
in India for floriculture is India is having variety of Agro Climatic Zone, which is
suitable for cultivation of flowers; Green house technology is an artificial way to
support for cultivating flowers (to grow flowers in controlled climate / condition).
India is considered as one of the reliable floriculture supplier to the world.
Floriculture industry comprises mainly….
o Essential oil from flower i.e. rose, jasmine,etc.
o Seed / bulb production
o Nursery plants
o Ornamental plant / flower Florist trade
International seasonal opportunity Domestic seasonal opportunity
High demand * Low demand
May, June and July
Are extreme low demand Season
JANUARY MARCH
FEBRUARY APRIL
OCTOBER
NOVEMBER
DECEMBER
JANUARY
High demand Low demand
JANUARY MARCH
FEBRUARY JUNE
APRIL JULY
MAY AUGUST
SEPTEMBER
OCTOBER
NOVEMBER
DECEMBER
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European countries are largest importer of dried, cut flower while Australia and
Japan ranked 2nd and 3rd respectively.
India / Gujarat should focus on tropical flowers and plants as demand for this is
increasing worldwide; Gujarat should address the shortage of trained manpower
for modern commercial floriculture, class room and field training centres and
programmes for skill development in floriculture should be established.
With more than 8 climatic zone, our floriculture industry has strength in soil,
environment, labour cost, growing economy, surplus fund for investment,
entrepreneurial ability, geographical situation.
Government support to floriculture
Government of India through National Horticulture Mission (NHM) and Agriculture
Produce Export Development Authority (APEDA) encouraging Indian floriculture
industry
Zero import duties on imported plant material
Duty free imports on certain components of green house
structure.
Employment opportunities:
In this sector Entrepreneurial / Employment opportunities as..
Supervisor
Greenhouse / Farm or estate manager
Plantation expert
Project manager / coordinator supervisor,
Researcher / Trainer
Consultant
Landscape architect
Floral designer
National level training institutes
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi
Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore
National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow
http://www.floriculturetoday.in/indian-floriculture-the-way-forward.html
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Spices
No cooked food in India or around the world is considered complete until it is
mixed with flavored Spices. Apart from smell, spices contains high medicinal
value. Basil (Tulsi/Fudina), Cardmom (Elaichi),Celery (Kalajira), Fenugreek
(Methi), Garlic, Ginger, Kokam, Chilly, Ferula asafoetida (Hing), Turmeric and
many more are popular spices cultivated in India.
India is popular as a land of rich cultural exotic spicy food. Somebody has
described India as “THE HOME OF SPICES”. India grows more than 45 types of
spices mainly
Chilli , Pepper, Turmeric, Ginger, Cardamom, Fennel, Cinnamon, Cumin,
Coriander, Ajwain, Clove and many more….
Spices are used in food as additional taste and also for medicinal use, as some
of spices possess medicinal values. However it is very difficult to grow spices
plants as some of spices grow only in suitable conditions. Green house, net
house can make it possible to grow plants of spices in non suitable geographic
area.
However share of Gujarat is very less by producing only Fennel (Gujarati name
Variali) , Fenugreek (Methi) , Cumin (Jeera), Dill (Ajmo), Chilli etc. as climate is
also not that much suitable.
Natural dyes
Natural dyes were the only source for colouring of fabric / cloth before first
chemical colour invented by Parkins in 1856 in Germany. As this is eco-friendly
many countries are encouraging to adopt natural dyes.
Material obtained primarily from natural sources is called Natural dyes, no other
manufactured chemicals are used in Natural dyes. Looking to new trends of
market, natural dyes are in high demand in developed countries, mainly in fabric
/ cloth production, hence, this is export oriented business; it is also good for
environment.
Great source for Natural dyes can be found in Farm, Forest or Back yard.
Few common natural ways or source of natural dyes is plants, tree roots, flowers etc.
Some of the sources of natural dyes, color
Natural Indigo, Indigo, and Indian Indigo:
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Indian Indigo is one of the most ancient Natural Dyes used by man in textiles.
The extract form of dye is supplied in powder form. This gives deep blue color on
wool, silk, cotton etc. other sources of natural dyes are…….
Madder, Lac, Mayrabolan , Kamala, Pomegranate, Catechu, Himalayan Rubrub
Agro forestry (Herbal plantation)
What is agro forestry?
In this system land is used both for growing of crops and plants which are
generally belongings to forest. Also livestock are living and growing with this.
Farmers are benefitted by sustainable land use systems.
In Agri. business sector Herbal plantation is an emerging opportunity. Generally,
Herbal plants grow without many efforts i.e. naturally, in different Forest areas or
near habitats and some are cultivated. Ayurvedic medicines and cosmetics are
manufactured from herbal plants (leaf). Mostly in tribal area and now, by health
conscious people, herbal plants are also used as food and for flavouring.
Farmers / Entrepreneurs can earn more without investing more money. They
have to utilize borders of their farmland that is not utilized now a days. They can
sow herbal plants, trees and can earn extra from herbal leaves, fruits, and
seeds of these plants.
Medicinal plants – emerging opportunity
"The greatest service which can be rendered any country is to add a useful
plant to its culture."
- Thomas Jefferson
(1743-1826, 3rd President of the US)
According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), the goal of „Health for All‟
cannot be achieved without herbal medicines. There are indications that
consumers, in developed countries are becoming aware and searching
alternatives in traditional medicines which lead an increasing consumer demand
for herbal medicines. India has the potential of becoming a major global player in
market for medicinal plants the source of herbal medicine. It is said that 80
percent of India‟s forest export earning is contributed by Medicinal plants, which
is one of the most important components of the non-wood forest produces.
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India is considered as a treasure house of valuable medicinal and aromatic
plants. Pharmacy, cosmetics and fragrance industry uses raw material provided
by Medicinal, Herbal and Aromatic plants. It is estimated that medicinal plants
contribute to cater 80% of the raw materials used in the preparation of Ayurvedic
medicine, cosmetics etc.
W.H.O. report says, over 80% of the world population depends upon traditional
medicine; flower, leaf, branch, root of medicinal plants are main source of raw
material for medicine. The international market of herbal products is estimated to
be US $ 62 billion which is poised to grow to US $ 5 trillion by the year 2050.
(The EXIM bank of India, in its report (1997))
This shows that production and consumption of medicinal plant based drug is
going to grow. To grab this opportunity India should
Aware farmers to cultivate medicinal plants scientifically
Impart better post harvest management
Increasing processing and develop storage capacity
Increase patenting
Motivate farmers to cultivate medicinal plants
Mostly poor people of Indian underdeveloped States farmers and tribal, pupils of
hilly area involved in medicinal plantations, they should be trained. Government
should involve them in the process of marketing and commercialization of
medicinal plants crop.
Around 45,000 plants species are found in the India, out of these 500 medicinal
plant species used by the Ayurvedic and Herbal medicine industry. More than 75
percent of medicinal plants in India are grown in forest area, while Medicinal
plants procured from cultivated private fields / farmers in farm account only 10
per cent. This is the area to be focused more and more farmers should be
encouraged to cultivate medicinal plants. Green house can be used to maintain
the effect of agro-climatic conditions. Stake holders -Government / Farmers / R &
D institutes should develop appropriate technologies for cultivation of medicinal
plants which ensures quality, continuous and uniform supply of raw material for
herbal medicine industry.
Ayurveda is constantly popularizing now a days. People are opting for natural /
Ayurveda treatment Ayurveda wellness industry is booming. Even it has been
noticed of increasing demand for natural cosmetics. This has opened the door for
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farmers to look for new opportunity in medicinal plantation. In agriculture sector it
has been extremely profitable to grow crops/plants which are highly in demand
this is called "green gold" crops.
Land is very precious, industry is demanding more and more land, it has been
suggested that Government should not handover fertile land to industry.
Progressive farmer should utilize cent percent of land available in their farm. It
has been noticed that each farmer is leaving at least 15 to 20 feet land and then
start sowing. Instead they should utilize that land in growing medicinal plants like
Aloe vera , PLEASE Picture no:7, 8
Under the Ministry of Agriculture, The Department of Agriculture and Cooperation
, is the main agency for promoting the development of aromatic and herbal
plantations in India. The National Medicinal Plants Board (NMPB) has been set
up at the Central level to promote medicinal plantation activity.
Voluntary Certification Scheme for Ayush Products
http://www.foodcert.in/
http://www.qcin.org/CAS/NMPB/STANDARD_FOR_GAPMP.pdf
Voluntary Certification Scheme for Medicinal Plant Produce
(VCSMPP)
http://www.qcin.org/CAS/NMPB/
Stevia….. New trend in farming
Important web site: http://www.indiasteviaassociation.in, www.steviainfo.in
Stevia is also commonly known as Sweet Leaf, Sugar Leaf, Stevia is becoming
major source of natural sweetener (alternate of sugar). Processed stevia powder
has started to replace chemical sweetener. There is high potential of returns as
compared to some of traditional crop. Farming of stevia can be started by sowing
seeds. One can also procure baby plants from supplier and started farming his
own.
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Benefits of stevia
Zero Calories and no
Carbohydrates
Natural sweetener no
chemical components
Known to cure varied
ailments
Completely natural herbal
sweetener
Helps reduce blood pressure
Control blood sugar levels,
unlike sugarcane sugar does
Natural Flavour enhancer
Great alternative for sugar
and safe for diabetics and
the health conscious
Recently The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI)
recommended the approval of stevia as natural alternative to sugar for soft drink
concentrates, chewing gums and other processed food products.
Major area of usages of stevia
Soft drinks, Jam, Ice cream, Pastries, Chewing gum and many more.
In some country there are negative report of stevial farming, Farmer are
requested to go ahead carefully.
Organic Farming
Adverse (Negative) effect was experienced by using hazardous chemical
fertilizers by western countries and they wake up in 1970, they started going for
Organic farming. European and American large organizations have started this
initiative.
International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) founded in
FRANCE in 1972, Oekozentrum Imsbach, 66636, Tholey - Theley, Germany,Tel: +49 6853 919 890
Fax: +49 6853 919 899, Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.ifoam.org/
(Source: http://www.biodynamics.in).
The study revealed large benefit of Organic farming, thus Organic farming
movement has been spread throughout the world. India is one of the members of
IFOAM that is having more than 700 members. India has adopted the National
Programme for Organic Production (NPOP) and set some national standards.
From 1980, Organic farming adoption has started to take place in India and
continuously growing, as demand is increasing in both domestic and international
market.
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Last decade has shown significant growth of organically grown food produces.
The organic food is also scientifically proved to be better for our health.
Organic farming requires great concentration, consideration and research. In
recent past so many people continuously started concentration to take healthy
and balanced diet particularly chemical free.
Organic (natural fertilizer produced by using traditional agri. waste) is most
important and critical component for Organic farming which helps farmers to
maintain healthy garden / farm and help produce more grain, fruits, vegetables.
Organic farming is based on certification programmes , by the law it prohibits
the use of all synthetic and chemical used fertilizer - inputs, soil health is
recognised as the theme of the method.
India has made progress in this direction by setting up of National Standards for
Organic Production (NSOP) in 2000 and a National Institute of Organic Farming.
Some private agencies with the assistance of international bodies are also
working in the field of inspection and certification for Organic Agri.
Produces.
To grow plants organically one must use Organic fertilizer, Compost, which is
one of the best and hence many gardeners and farmers use organic agro
produces.
Organic certification agency in India
http://www.ecocert.in
Organic certification (ECOCERT) programme is launched to meet some
international organic standards
Ecocert inspection and certification program is designed to meet the requirements of the various standards like….
[1] NPOP (Indian) [2] USDA (NOP) (US) [3] EC 83482007
[4] JAS (Japanese) [5] 889/2008 (European),
Steps for certification ( Source : http://ecocert.in/certification.html) which
may be useful to any entrepreneur / farmer to get Organic certification.
Apart from this, there are many agencies / organizations working in India.
The steps followed by ECOCERT for certification are :
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1. Submission of application in prescribed format.
2. Cost Estimation
3. Invoicing and payment of fees
4. Signing of inspection contract
5. Inspection and submitting the inspection report to the certification department
6. Issuance of certification decision
7. Compliance of certification decision and issuance of certificate
8. Issue of Transaction Certificates/Inspection Certificates for traded lots
According to the organic regulations, one annual inspection is compulsory for all the clients.
Address for Submission of application (Email : [email protected])
ECOCERT India PVT LTD. Sector 3, Hindustan Awas Ltd, Walmi - Waluj Road, Nakshatrawadi,
Aurangabad, Maharashtra State - 431 002, Tel: 240-6607101, 2377120, Fax: 240-6607135
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Contract farming:
Contract farming is new concept in India and accepted by many Entrepreneurs /
Farmers / Govt. agencies and Big Industrial houses like Hindustan lever,
Reliance, ITC etc. Contract farming is in benefit of both parties, Farmer
Entrepreneur We can say it win-win situation for both.
In brief …Contract farming includes sowing, cultivating, caring of crops
harvesting for and on behalf of any individual, business establishment or
Government… the produce is supplied to party at a pre-determined prices.
In India, opportunity for contract farming has been increased due to liberalization
of Indian economy.
Interest in the business of contract farming is being taken (more and more) by
business houses / multinationals, as retail business in India is becoming more
organized.
The growth of farm retail has been effected by the growth of retail industry in
India, especially of Fresh fruits and vegetables.
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Contract tree plantation (for specific industries..for example Paper)
Tree pulp is the key source of raw material for paper industry, many paper manufacturing companies have started to enter in contract tree plantation with farmers, tribal farmers who reside nearby forest land.
Some plants…
Eucalyptus, Acacia, Albizzia falls in hard wood trees category, which have a very high rate of growth, useful for making of paper.
Spruce, pine etc. falls in soft wood tree category, used for paper making
Bamboo is also useful for paper industry. Apart from this, if farmers grow grass many paper industries are procuring to manufacture paper.
Some major players of Paper industry
ITC paper board, BILT Paper Industries, J.K Paper Mill etc.
Urban farming Lesson for us from western countries ….
History shows …. Economy is continuously go up and down, industry…
particularly manufacturing non food items like Car, AC, Fridge, TV, Plane,
Textile, Plastic, Entertainment and many more are badly affected by recession.
Major part of fertile land is grabbed by Industries and remaining by Road and
other infrastructure,…result very less land for Agriculture.
Recession has forced many developed countries to opt for de-industrialisation,
they have started the outsourcing of production to under developed countries.
For economic potential, is Urban Agriculture a new idea which is emerging today?
The answer is YES. In western countries particularly which are badly affected by
recent recession, building, particularly closed factory unit or large warehouse owners
are looking for new uses and revitalize their unused spaces. Now a day‟s Urban
Agriculture is viable which may provide fresh and healthy food (vegetables /
fruits) without the added costs of long-distance transportation.
Green minded entrepreneurs / farmers in partnership with the local authorities
(local government i.e. Municipalities, Nagarpalikas) or Big Township owners,
can convert enormous, unused spaces of township / open space of big
building into fertile and productive farms, within a short period of time, fresh
vegetables / fruits grown just outside of town or abovementioned land, can fills
the farmers' markets and the supermarket shelves.
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Urban farming creates more attractive jobs in urban area, and also much-
needed business opportunities for entrepreneurs, it is also environmental
friendly as it use less water and energy - all waste water used in kitchen / bath
can be collected and send to urban farms.
Vertical farming we should think ahead…
“ Vertical farming is a concept that argues, that it is economically and
environmentally viable to cultivate plant or animal life within skyscrapers, or on
vertically inclined surfaces. The idea of a vertical farm has existed at least
since the early 1950s….” Source: http://en.wikipedia.org
If fertile land is converted into farm house, Industry, or Infrastructure we must
start to think right now for vertical farming at urban area.
However, there are different opinion - favour and against of vertical farming.
This is seen as solution for food supply in the future. As population grows and
the city will be dense hence land will be an issue. Vertical farming can
minimize land use by growing upwards. However, according to me, for
vegetable this may be ideal and not for food grains.
Role model– Team work at rural area.
Perishable vegetables / fruits need controlled atmosphere, which may be under
roof, controlled temperature (air conditioned), proper storage material (soft
paper / plastic tray, carets)etc. There are lots of things to do for infrastructure in
India and Gujarat. Oil price is increasing day by day. Now a day‟s vegetables /
fruits are brought from villages / rural area to the urban area on as it is basis (un
sorted). Wholesaler/Retailer are sorting or cleaning them at urban place. These
vegetables / fruits / flowers waste added into another waste of city, which is a
big problem.
Now…. see what is happening in above process.
To understand visually please SEE Picture - 6
We are carrying waste (unnecessary leaf, rotten vegetables / fruit) and bring
them to urban / market place, this total weight may be in tones.
For example 3 farmers in group bring 15 tones of unsorted / unprocessed
Cabbage to urban. At urban subjimandi / wholesalers place rotten leaves of
Cabbage will be removed this rotten leaf weight might be 500 Kg. know if this
process is done at village lever these 3 farmers could have bring more 500 Kg
eatable Cabbage, which will reduce transport cost.
30
We can understand more through these pictures shown here. Say for example,
10 farmers at one village growing Vegetables / fruits
Now, if Gram Panchayat / Taluka Panchayat provide common place which may
be covered with roof. All farmers who stay in respected villages will bring their
agro produce Vegetables / Fruits / Flowers at this common place where a team
of expert (may be trained rural youth) will sort good and rotten agro produce,
remove unnecessary leaf and put this sorted agro produce in hygienic container.
Now out of rotten vegetables, removed leaves (which were removed from
vegetables/ fruits / flowers) one can produce bio fertilizer.
Thus we can save costly fuel by bringing only eatable / usable agro produce,
which results in to low transport cost, we can produce bio fertilizer and solve the
garbage problems of urban area….
By doing all these activities at village level results in to:-
Employment generation at village level.
Reduce transportation cost.
Produce of bio fertilizer from rotten vegetables, flowers, fruits.
Reduction of urban waste.
Water used for washing of these can be recycled and reused for farming.
This is only one idea / case study; there are many opportunities in Agriculture Business. Topics related to Dairy and other allied subjects are uncovered in this article, however I will try my level best to include in part II of this article / paper.
Farming in Controlled Condition (GREENHOUSE (G.H.)
Picture – 5
Green house farming innovation is blessing for farmers / Agri. Entrepreneurs
particularly for exotic vegetables, flowers.
In Gujarat number of five star hotels is increasing. Fast food chains like PIZZA
HUT, MACDONALD, FREEZELAND , SUB WAY are entering and some are
spreading their network .Changing life style - events & special days Valentine
day, Mother‟s day, Teacher‟s day etc. are being celebrated for which exotic
flowers and vegetables are in great demand.
Need base climate/ atmosphere is created in poly house. Green house is useful
mainly
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To grow crops throughout the year / in all the seasons.
To grow crops not adapted to the locality.
To increase the growth of crops.
Generally the project cost of G.H is Rs 26 lakh per greenhouse per acre.
Cultivators can earn an average profit of Rs 5 to 6 Lakh per greenhouse.
Subsidy is available from Government of Gujarat for detail please contact Gujarat
Agro Industries Corporation Ltd (Govt. of Gujarat ) nodal agency for Agri.
Business. Address is available on important address page.
Agricultural Marketing Management
In agricultural marketing management, all business activities are involved from
Farm to consumer (end user).
It is monitoring demand patterns, Logistic, Sorting, Storing, packaging designing /
labeling, Advertising, Processing food by adding value, Analyzing consumer‟s
need, Studying consumer behaviour and consumer motivation etc..
Information & Communication Technology (ICT) (in Agri. Business)
Today, Information Technology Enabled Services ITES are becoming the
backbone of every activity of agriculture / Agri. Business. Information &
Communication Technology (ICT) is playing crucial role in context of
globalisation and domestic market awareness. Expansion of introduction of ICT
in Agriculture is must. This will be an important tool for hands on availability of
information. The infrastructure of ICT should focus on Villages; villages should be
connected with Agriculture Universities, R & D institutes, Market yards. A
Community Access Point should be established at Taluka level or big village
place, community place.
To transform the Indian Agriculture, Information Communication Technology
tools is very important.
Skill development (in Agri. Sector)
Lord Krishna, in Shrimad Bhagvad Geeta, has described importance of Skill and
Knowledge. Skill and Knowledge plays an important role in development of any
human being and Nation, it is also essential for social development. Challenges
can be met effectively by Skill and knowledge. In other word we can define
Knowledge and skill as driving force of any National economic growth. Any
32
Nation having higher level of skilled manpower, has more shares in world of
work.
We (India) should focus on up-gradation / advancement in skilled workforce
development, as new and advanced technologies is adopted in all fields.
Segment of Technical / hard and Soft Skill in Agriculture sector are as below:-
Farm Management
Record keeping
It include accurate enterprise records, budgeting for livestock or crop
Cash flow and projection report, major soil reports, farm map
Make cash flow projections for several years.
Financial Management
Find out source of finance for crop, equipment etc
Preparing books of account
Planning effective repayment of loan
Marketing
Information & Communication Technologies (ICT)
Labor management // Estate / yard management
Crop production management
Expertise in growth of plants, crop, Fertiliser quality how and when spray of
pesticides etc.Planting and harvesting techniques, to know technique and
operation of various equipments for planting and harvesting
Agriculture mechanics skill
Repairing of various equipments
Knowing operating and repairing of various trimming, cutting,
plucking instruments.
Precision Agriculture / farming, Yield Mapping and Site-
specific Farming
Precision farming (Agriculture)(PA) Satellite farming or site specific crop
management (SSCM) is a farming management concept based on observing,
measuring and responding to inter and intra-field variability in crops. Crop
variability typically has both a spatial and temporal component which makes
statistical/computational treatments quite involved. The holy grail of precision
agriculture research will be the ability to define a Decision Support System (DSS)
for whole farm management with the goal of optimizing returns on inputs while
preserving resources.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precision_agriculture
33
In 21st century adoption of Precision Agriculture is necessary to meet the growing
demand of food across the globe.
Like manufacturing and other sectors management inputs should also be given in
Agriculture sector. For it an integrated management approach is required where
in Management experts, scientist, engineers must be involved in entire process.
Mainly there are two components of Precision farming data is collected and
inputs are applied at variable rate across the field. Both farmers and service
providers should join the hand to make thing happen in precision farming.
Geographic Information System (GIS) an important component in precision
farming.
Big changes are underway due to availability of satellite for Information and
Communication Technology. Agriculture sector must take benefit of this, thanks
to Geographic Information System (GIS) and related technologies.
A GIS is, “An information system that is designed to work with data referenced
by spatial or geographic coordinates. In other words, a GIS is both a database
system with specific capabilities for spatially-referenced data, as well as a set of
Harvesting
Field data card
Yield maps soil analysis
Application map
Cultivation
Seeding
Fertilisation
Plant protection
34
operations for working [analysis] with the data.” Geographic Information
Systems J. Star and J. Estes, 1990
By using GIS, farmers will be benefiting in cost saving, it also help in increasing
of agro produce (yield). Field management is based on averages of field data
collected largely which dominate management action.
Future farmers of India should convert Information technology and geographic
data (information) Into Geographic Management systems which may increase
their efficiency and reduce cost, they should deploy of overall farm management
tools and techniques.
The precision farming process can <1> data logging, <2> point sampling, <3>
data analysis and <4> spatial modeling.
Future farmers of India should consider "What you know about - what you can
grow". This is the key to farm management. In India the agricultural industry will
become increasingly involved in planting, growing, harvesting and processing
(value addition) by using information/knowledge and will grow value-added crops.
Modern farmers will do right thing at right place and at right time in right (proper)
way.
Thus in Precision farming management and effective use of data and machinery
is a key factor.
Women empowerment …..a key change agent
“Women empowerment is linked to different achievement in their lives in their social and
economic contexts such as increases in income, confidence to speak in public, awareness
of their rights and participation in decision making at the household and community
levels. www.iiste.org
Women constitute about 45% agriculture workforce in our country. In addition to
their routine household activities they contribute more than 65% of the labour
required for farming and post harvesting activities.
We all are aware as women bear almost all responsibilities for basic needs of the
family even though there is lack of power, freedom, money and also lack of
information.
Women‟s contribution to agriculture development has been continues to be very
important and crucial to the National Economy, yet many women in this sector
remain informal and invisible. Women can be considered to be a valuable
resource and needed to be organised and should be recognised in the field of
entrepreneurship, especially in the rural agricultural sector. Literacy ratio of rural
35
women is increasing as Government is focusing on educating rural women. It is a
need of an hour to mainstream women as a human resource to national
development. By encouraging women Agri. Entrepreneur in food / fruit /
vegetable processing, sorting and packing, India can curb huge loss of fresh fruit,
vegetable which are rotten due to lack of proper storage facility.
Advanced technical skills and inputs should be made available to Agri. Women
Entrepreneurs viz. hygienic storage, testing laboratory facilities, modern farm
tools/equipments, good infrastructure and transport facility.
Women in Farm Operations
Women working in the farms or in engaged in post harvest activities have to live
a life with full of difficulties or we can say full of drudgery. Together these
activities can be defined as below:
Sowing watering crop in farm Spraying / applying fertilizer
removing weed Drying removing dust
In post harvest activity so many works are carried out manually. We should try to
give technical training to women so that they can operate tools easily which will
not only save time but they can be freed from drudgery. Following are some tool
machineries which can reduce the drudgery in post harvest operations.
Thresher
Shelling
Maize, Groundnuts and other pulse shelling
Solar dryer
Improved tools and equipment need better skills and training. There is a need to
impart training so that they too can use these technologies.
Action to be taken
Entrepreneurship Development Training especially to women should imparted to
catalyse entrepreneurship in rural communities.
Technical and management soft skill training should be provided for agriculture/
agri. produce based small industry, environmental conservation and food
processing methods, operation of agri. equipment etc.
36
Technical skill Soft skill
Fruit / vegetable cultivation Finance
Medicinal plants cultivation Saving
Organic farming Costing
Bio fertilizer making Banking transaction
Farm tools / equipments
operation
Accounting
Communication
Those women who has no land can be motivated to start
Vermicompost preparing units
Wasteland development: Wild tree plantation
Herbal medicines: nearby village women group can grow medicinal
plants in herbal garden.
Recommendation
New programmes should be designed that focus on beyond agriculture (crop
production) after specific needs assessment.
Women should be encouraged to work in group, networks
Back up services should be made available to women group like web site,
computer, internet, economic literacy programme etc.
Women groups should be encouraged to adopt new techniques
They should be provided direct linkage with city, big business house, sharing
of knowledge, easy credit etc.
Importance must be given to Economic Literacy Programme for women who own
micro enterprise in Agri. sector.
Components of Economic Literacy programme:
Business planning , Project report preparation Budget Costing Book keeping
(preliminary/basics of accounting) Banking transaction, Market survey and
Marketing management.
Especially for women, there are wide range of opportunities in floriculture in
terms of employment, which helps in income generation for empowerment and
self fulfillment of women. It also provides entrepreneurial opportunities to women
in outskirts of urban and rural area. Department of Women and Child
37
Development is focusing on empowerment and training for women to make them
self reliance.
Post harvest management – operations (…need of an hour)
Indian farmers have started to adopt modern farming technology. Usage of
Genetically Modified seed, research and documentation in Farming sector,
Increasing irrigation facility, easy availability of fertilizer has resulted in to
increase crop intensity and higher yields, which has resulted in marketable
surplus which has to be stored in hygienic storage, till actually it is sold.
In India post harvest losses is estimated 25%. (Approx.20 million tons a year)
Operations carried out after harvesting may be Threshing, Drying (Dehydrate),
Processing, Freezing etc. Government of India holding, Food Corporation of
India, other Governments and State Governments corporations can hold 30% of
Agro. Produce, rest is to be stored by private sector. Cold storage is playing
crucial role in post harvest management.
“In agriculture, postharvest handling is the stage of crop production immediately
following harvest, including cooling, cleaning, sorting and packing. The instant a
crop is removed from the ground, or separated from its parent plant, it begins to
deteriorate. Postharvest treatment largely determines final quality, whether a
crop is sold for fresh consumption, or used as an ingredient in a processed food
product” Source http://en.wikipedia.org
Lots of business opportunities for entrepreneurs are lying here, i.e. Storing,
sorting, cleaning, drying, freezing, dehydrating, packing and many more…..
What is the Goal of post harvest management?
In one sentence … to keep crop in eatable condition whether it is fruit, vegetable,
leaf or food grain. If we elaborate it we can say…. post-harvest handling is
keeping the produce cool, maintain moisture (avoid moisture loss), stop or slow
down undesirable chemical changes, and avoiding physical damage to crop.
Following causes loss of quality and freshness.
Improper temperature
Drying
Mechanical injury Wounds cause higher rotten rate and more water
lost through broken cuticle (upper skin of fruit, vegetable)
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Attacks by bacteria or fungi after damage to vegetables, fruits or
leaves
How to maintain crop quality post harvest:
Maintain moisture
Promptly and thoroughly cool your crop
Maintain the crops' optimum storage temp
Avoid water loss (as it is on plant)
Avoid mechanical injury
Good postharvest handling can ensure farmers competitive edge he can earn
more money as his produce will fetch higher price.
When to harvest:
Harvest when outside temperatures are cool, most ideal time are early morning
or do it in the evening after sun set, or when it's cloudy. Be gentle. Use proper
tool/ equipment for harvesting the crop. Prevent wounds or puncture, Don‟t over
compress vegetables, fruits while packing. Construct storage nearest to your
farm, Put crop into cool place as early as possible. To control temperature is
most important.
Packaging
Air movement and humidity can be controlled through proper packing. Don‟t
under fill or overfill crop in pack. Put cushion pad material.
Why Agri. Entrepreneurship.?
Cost benefit, profit and quality can be added in Agri. Output by way of
Entrepreneurship and management, that dominates resource and its effective
utilization, systematic social change, availability of support, self confidence and
of course motivation.
A right kind of knowledge and managerial soft skill can be provided through entrepreneurship. In view of World Trade Organisation (WTO) and General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT) agreement, Indian farmer and farming has to change.
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Table- 1 (Pages at End of this paper) shows that there are ample opportunities in Agro, Food Industry
Today agriculture sector has achieved commercial importance and has
tremendous potential of being one of the powerful sectors contributing to
nation‟s GDP. Apart from Government initiative, Public Private Partnership and
farmers‟ organizations have contributed to the agricultural growth. At present,
Agribusiness education is one of the promising qualifications, which has made it
possible to manage Agriculture sector as a professional enterprise like other
sectors such as Automobile, Engineering, Information Technology, Textile etc.
Entrepreneurship
An approach for cultivating Entrepreneurship for the rural population is the need
of the hour and also essential. Gujarat Government is working on the
„Sustainable Livelihoods‟ approach. “Livelihoods” is the root of human
development and economic growth.
There are deep roots of Entrepreneurship in civic structure of community. It is the
Entrepreneurship, which is adding economic profit and cost-benefit ratios to
Agricultural produce. Entrepreneur must be equipped with “KNOWLEDGE”.
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is playing important role in
reducing the gaps and increasing productivity in Agri. Business.
We are producing more literates and not trained youth to earn their own bread.
Our graduates in Agriculture sector and allied sectors, are hunting beg for job. By
giving them entrepreneurial training we should make these graduates as
employers and not employees or in other words not simply Learned Farmer but
Agri. Entrepreneur. Both our Farming and Farmers must change to meet
Challenges / opportunities of World Trade Organisation (WTO) and General
Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) agreement.
The Agriculture sector needs 1 lac + young entrepreneurs to achieve national
goal.
What is Agri. Business..? It is a business of farming.
“All the activities concerned with agriculture including farming,
management, financing, processing, marketing, growing of seeds and
nursery stock, manufacturing of fertilizers, chemicals, implements,
40
processing machinery, transportation equipment and the process of
transportation itself. “ is Agri. Business.
John H. Davis
Who is Agri. Entrepreneur?
“He, who is in the business of agriculture produce”
What is an Agri.-enterprise?
An Agri.-enterprise is any business in the agricultural industry, which includes
production of agriculture, food, natural fiber, the environment and natural
resources.
Agribusiness includes the producing of any food item (Food grain – Fruits –
Vegetables- Flowers), processing, and supply of agricultural goods which range
from Corn to Cornflake, Fruits to Fruit juice and of course Cotton to Cloth. Apart
from these produce, by products of farming like fuels derived from farm waste
and farming equipment, machinery, chemicals etc., can also be included in
Agri.Business. In 21st century even Information Communication Technology
(ICT) can also be included in Agri. Business – Kisan kiosk, Krishi related web
site, Agri. Business portals and many more. For Agri. Business successful
farmers should produce what the market wants and not at which farmer is
good / capable of producing Agriculture item .Today Science & technology i.e.
ICI,Green House, Sprinklers / Drip irrigation, Tissue culture etc. is playing crucial
role in Agriculture farm produce.
Day by day, as population is increasing, Food consumption in India is increasing.
Government of India from several decades, making efforts to overcome
weaknesses in the agricultural sector like over-dependence on monsoon, which
is resulting in continuous increasing of Agriculture produce.
The graph T-2 shows how fast food consumption is increasing in India. This is
the main reason for entrepreneur to enter in the field of Agri. Entrepreneurship.
Table -2 (3rd last page of this paper) data is enough for Entrepreneur to go for Agri.
Business.
Specific business opportunities in Agribusiness sector
Farm inputs
41
Biotechnology / Biological inputs, Crop nutrients, Crop protection, Farm
equipment, Farm technology, Seeds & planting material.
Agri. Services
Agri. equipment repairing / servicing,
Organic Certification,
Commodity trading,
Contract farming,
E-commerce etc.
Crops Vegetables, Exotic Flowers/ Vegetables, Cereals, Fiber crops, Farm crops,
Floriculture, Forestry, Gardening, Grassland, Horticulture, Medicinal and
Herbal plants.
Food Agro produce processing
Fresh Juice, Dairy, Canned food, Sorting-cleaning-grading, De-hydrating,
Baked food, Confectionery – chocolate made from fruit pulp.
Fuel from agro waste
Spinning (using manually operated machine Charkha)
Weaving (Handloom)
Manufacturing shopping bags of cloth
Wick from cotton (gujarati name „vat‟ for lamp(diya) used for pooja)
Agro tourism
Natural dyes
Information and Communication Technology
Krishi portal, Krishi Vignan Kendra, Krishi magazine, E-commerce in agri.
business.
Organic fertilizer
Sorting, grading, packing
Contract plantation of tree for Industry for example Paper industry
Processed Food, Food Processing Industry –
Everybody knows that Indian food processing industry is recognized as a sunrise
industry. It has a huge potential which uplift Indian Agri. economy .We should
focus on for employment generation & increase export earning. Fruits &
vegetables are most important & fast growing sub sector of food processing
Industry. Due to Change of lifestyle in urbanization & higher disposable income
in India. We have seen positive & remarkable growth in …….
Ready to serve beverages
42
Fruit , juice /pulp
Dehydrated & Frozen fruit
Processed & Sorted Vegetables
Processed Tomato produce
Spice pastes
Agripreneurs can play very important role in agriculture value chain. They can
generate employment & also play vital role to increase Agriculture GPP. By their
entrepreneurial activities in value addition & process of Agri. produce like pulse,
Fruit, Vegetable etc.
Our Agripreneur should turn local traditional Farming in to global business
Component Of Agri. Business
Highly efficient food processing industry could contribute in the nation's food
security by post harvest management of Fruits and Vegetables, around 30% of
our fruits and vegetables produce are wasted due to lack of proper post harvest
management.
By processing of vegetables and fruits, Agri.entrepreneur can reduce this loss,
that will give better returns and improve the income level of the farmers.
Food processing industry has put India on global map in terms of processed food
consumption, export and production. In India it is considered as highest export
growth prospect industry. Large number of young consuming class and growing
higher middle class with growing disposable income is influencing for
development of this industry that will make India a world player in the field of food
processing. India is making its position on global map as large producer and
exporter in Agriculture produce.
Even though India is second largest producer of food in world, accounts for only
1.6 % of total international food trade .The Government of India has targeted to
increase this share to 3 percent. This indicates vast potential for Agri.
Entrepreneur.
Food processing industry in Agriculture sector, can play a crucial role for
employment generation and can reduce national waste of costly agro produce /
food. This sector is widely comprise of milk, fruits and vegetables, alcoholic
beverages – fresh fruit juice, Food grain milling / processing, convenient food and
packaged drinks etc. In recent years concept of Conventional farming to
Commercial farming is popular, which means shifting from traditional food
43
grains growing to horticulture produce like exotic fruit and vegetables, medicinal,
aromatic and ornamental plants, spices, plantation crops which include coconut,
cashew nuts. Our huge population of 1.05 billion plus at growth rate about 1.6 %,
is resulting in continuous growth of large market for food produce. We have 350
million plus urban middle class with their changing food habits and increasing
disposable income resulting in to a huge market for processed food.
Government of India has planned to increase level of processing of perishable
food from 6% to 20%, value addition in agro- produce, from 20% to 35%The
National policy on food processing aims to increase food processing level from
10% to 25% by 2025.
Food Grain flour, Biscuits and bakery items, Fruit pulp, different kinds of Sauce
are the segments which are expected to record high growth rate i.e. more than
10 percent.
Value addition
"Value-added" is simply anything you can do to raise the value of your product in
the market, anything you can add to it that enables you to increase your profit
margin.
It is said that, by arresting post harvest wastages and converting them as
marketable and value added products; India can earn an additional US$ 50
billion a year.
Value addition is very much important in Agri. Business.So far as value addition
in Farm produce is concerned, India is far behind, value addition to raw food
material in India is only 7% while it is 23%, 45% and 188 % in China, Philippines
and UK, respectively (as per National Food Processing Policy Document). In
India less than 2.2 % of fruits and vegetables produce are processed, compared
to 30 % in Thailand and 80 % in Malaysia.
Mega Food Park – heaven for entrepreneurs wish to start
Agri.business
The Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India has started to
assist in Infrastructure development, setting up of Mega Food Parks, cold chain
infrastructure, value added centres and packaging centres. The Mega Food Park
Scheme is also provide support to Food processing units.
Ministry of Food Processing Industry (MOFPI) – Government of India has
introduced Mega Food Park (MFP) scheme . According MOFPI, aim of this
scheme is to providing a mechanism to link agri. produce to the market. At Mega
Food Park farmers, processors and retailers are bringing together to ensure
highest value addition, minimizing wastages/loss, by doing this, income of the
44
farmers will be increased and it will create employment opportunities in rural
area. The Mega Food Park Scheme is based on Cluster development theme.
How this MFP operates is shown in this pictorial graph
Activity:
Pre cooling
Sorting
Waxing
Exporting Wholesale Retail Domestic market Distribution
Stage wise business opportunity in Mega Food Park for an entrepreneur
Cleaning Grading Sorting Packing facilities Controlled
Atmosphere Chambers
Dry warehouses Specialized cold stores Pre-cooling chambers Mobile collection vans Humidity Stores
Packaging Unit Steam Sterilization
Unit
Reefer vans Ripening chambers Mobile pre-coolers Testing Laboratory Ripening Chambers
Irradiation Facilities
Steam Generating Unit
Following sanctioned MFP in Gujarat are as below :(Source MOFPI – Govt. of
India)
Individual farmer, farmer’s
co-operative society,
Self help group
Collection
centre
Collection
centre
Collection
centre
Collection
centre
Primary
Processing
Centre
Primary
Processing
Centre
Value addition activity (Potential for Entrepreneurs)
Churning Extracting Packing/Branding
Cutting Mixing Boiling
Crushing Grinding Dehydrating
45
1. Gujarat Agro Infrastructure Mega Food Park Mangrol Taluka SURAT
2. Fanidhar Mega Food Park Ltd. near Mehsana
Food processing - GOLDAN business opportunity
Food processing is the transformation of raw ingredients into food, or of
food into other forms. Food processing typically takes clean, harvested
crops and uses these to produce attractive, marketable and often long
shelf-life food products
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org
Agro and Food processing industry is considered to be sunrise sector. The
industry which utilize farm produce, forestry produce or dairy produce as a raw
material are cover under Agro food processing sector.
Rice, Flour, Sugar, Jaggery, Ghee – Edible oil….etc. are some of the ancient and
the traditional food processing industry.
Corn flake, Chocolate, Ice-cream, Ready to eat snacks, Chikki, Fruit juice,
Biscuit, Fruit juice / pulp, Canned / sorted vegetables are gift of modern food
processing industry. By using latest technology modern food processing is
capable of higher recovery of food product and also useful byproduct. Agro-food
processing industry should located near the source of raw material i.e. near farm
/ forest especially when they use perishable agri. produce like vegetables, fruits
of medicinal plants leaves or fruits.
As fruits and vegetables are living commodities, proper post harvest
management for storing, processing and handling is needed. There is opportunity
for processing of Papaya, Sapota (Chikoo), Banana, Guava, Aonla (amla) and
carambola which is also known as star fruit.
In our country, at one side there is surplus of agro produce and other side there
is shortage of quality nutritious food or one has to pay higher price for food. Lack
of food processing development activities and shortage of proper infrastructure
for storage of agro produce is root cause for this.
Development of food processing sector helps to improve the value of Agri.
produce, which ultimately helps to boost farmer‟s income.
46
Food processing technology is necessary to improve “FOOD SAFETY” and
strengthening our “FOOD SECURITY” (Food for all). Food processing can play a
vital role in Post Harvest losses.
The food processing can play vital role and can provide vital linkage between
Farming and Industry. Both Central and Gujarat State Government have
accorded Food processing a high priority, with a number of fiscal reliefs and
incentives, to encourage commercialization and value addition to agricultural
produce, with aim for minimizing post harvest wastage, generating employment
and export growth. By taking note of this The Cabinet Committee on Economic
Affairs has approved a new centrally sponsored scheme titled "National Mission
on Food Processing (NMFP)", This will be implemented during the year 2012/13
in co operation with State Governments. A National Food Processing
Development Council (NFPDC) has been set up for implementation and
monitoring this.
Processed food is better for long distance transportation between sources to
market / consumer, it also improve overall nutrition of population and also help to
make balance in demand and supply. By processing the Agro produce (mass
production) food will be cheaper, new food processing technology is helping to
add nutrients which ultimately improve quality of life.
Advantage India :-
Largest producer of milk
Largest livestock
Second largest producer of fruits and vegetables
Third largest producer of food grain
More than 52% arable land variety of soil type more than 40 types
Various (around 20) climate zones
Key source of raw materials of food processing sector:-
Our food processing sector covers varieties of agro produce like fruit and
vegetables, milk, food grain, cocoa , dry fruits and many more….
Key growth drivers of food processing sector in India
Rapid urbanization, rising per capita income, changing life style and continuously
increasing working women workforce, increasing spending on health and
47
nutritional food, plays key role in increasing growth and opportunities in Food
(Processed food) and dairy and beverages sector.
Key segments of food processing industry
Fresh vegetables / fruits, Food grain, Milk and dairy, and consumer food produce
like Noodles, Cornflake, Ready to cook / eat food produce, Biscuits – Bread etc
are key segments in food processing industry.
Government of India (Ministry of Food Processing Industries) by its Vision 2015
documents has put target to increase processing of perishable agro produce
from 6% to 20 %, value addition from 20 % to 35 %.
Benefits of food processing
Removal of toxin Easing in Marketing
Convenient for transportation Availability in non season
Save wastage of food Convenience for eating
Long shelf life Stabilize the price
Modern supermarket would not exist without Food Processing.
Performance parameters for food processing industry:-
Looking to the trends in modern food processing for designing process for food
processing industry Entrepreneur should keep in mind following
parameters :-
1> Hygiene: As literacy rate is increasing and consumer give priority to
health hygiene plays vital role.
Energy consumption: Any process should energy efficiencies energy audit is
important tool
2> Reduce / minimize of waste : Aim of food processing sector is to
reduce the waste of agro produce
3> Minimizing of cleaning stops try to reduce number of hours between
cleaning stop
4> Health.. Consumers are concerned about their health, reduction of fat
content in final product should be target of entrepreneur, and
entrepreneurs should also try to maintain its original (natural) taste.
Street food vendors
Gujarat should take benefit of The National Policy on Urban Street Vendors.,
Street Food which is also a large source of employment generation which is not
48
only inexpensive and convenient, but also palatable (tasty). Gujarat should focus
on development of Street Food Vendor. Soft skills like communication, hospitality
lesson should be taught. Focus should be make on hygiene.
Further, street food is a treasure pot of local culinary traditions and is increasingly
playing an important role as an enhancer, supporting, and multiplier of tourism
sector all over the world.Agriculture and allied services, animal husbandry, non-
timber forest produces etc can be linked with Mission Mangalam project.
AGMARK –
AGMARK is a certification mark employed on agricultural products in India,
assuring that they conform to a set of standards approved by the Directorate of
Marketing and Inspection, an agency of the Government of India.The AGMARK
is legally enforced in India by the Agricultural Produce (Grading and Marking) Act
of 1937 (and amended in 1986).The present AGMARK standards cover quality
guidelines for 205 different commodities.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agmark
The Directorate of Marketing and Inspection (DMI) headed by the Agricultural
Marketing Advisor, Department of Agriculture & Co-operation (DAC) implements
agricultural marketing policies and programmes of the Government of India.
Agricultural Produce (Grading and Marketing) Act, 1937 (Agmark):
The Directorate of Marketing and Inspection enforces the Agricultural Produce
(Grading and Marketing) Act, 1937. Under this Act Grade standards are
prescribed for agricultural and allied commodities. These are known as Agmark'
standards. Grading under the provisions of this Act is voluntary.
One may check the following link for details regarding the AGMARK and
procedure for AGMARK certification –
http://agmarknet.nic.in/certificationgrapes.pdf
Bakery – an emerging opportunity in Food products
In India, Bakery and Biscuits industries have a lion‟s share in Food industries
(annual turnover of about Rs.3000+ crore). India is the 2nd largest producer of
bakery (including biscuits) items while US stands first. Approximate value of this
industry is worth US$ 69+ billion. Generally Bread, biscuits, pastries, buns and
Rusk are produced by bakery sectors from which 82% share is of Bread and
Biscuit. Changing life style of Indian middle and upper middle class population,
increasing disposable income and time constraints in working hours is main
49
cause for fast catching up of bakery products and making their place in breakfast
plates. As bakery produces are most convenient to carry and eat, it is becoming
fast popular in working women class which is continuously increasing in urban
area.
Large volumes and strong distribution network is key factors for the growth of this
industry. In India, per capita consumption of bakery products stands 3 to 4 Kg.
per annum against 40 to 50 Kg. in developed countries. Urban population
consumes 80% of total bakery food consumption in India. This industry is
growing at the rate of 7 to 8 % annually, however unorganized sectors
contributing 70% of the total production of bakery products in India.
Due to Globalisation and cultural integration, consumer trend is continuously
changing. Consumers are looking for new product, nutrition value, conveniences
as well as value for money. Most popular trends in the market are introducing low
calories /light for digesting, functional, natural and organic products. It is
assumed that demand for bread is likely to grow faster than the demand for
biscuits in bakery sectors. Among hotels / restaurants and hospitality segments,
bakery cafes and bakery restaurants that cater to the needs of fast food are
emerging. In 21st Century, as lifestyle becoming stressful, consumers are opting “
Food For Comfort” concept. Number of on-site manufacturing of bakery products
in small shops (bakeries) and supermarkets are increasing. Premium, gourmet
and exotic products are in demand; result in to high profit for entrepreneurs.
The bakery units are unevenly spread among states. These are mainly
concentrated in the states of Maharashtra, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh,
Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh. States like Maharashtra and West Bengal have
very large number of bakery units. The per capita consumption is very high in
industrialised states. The biscuits are becoming quite popular in rural areas as
well. Nearly 55% of the biscuits are consumed by the rural sector. This higher
consumption of biscuits in the rural area could be attributed to its position as a
snack; longer shelf life and better taste, which is liked by a cross-section of the
population. Bakery products still remain the cheapest of the processed ready-to-
eat products in the country. It has increased from 5.19 lakh tones to 18.95 lakh
tones in 15 years. It is produced by the small-scale sector consisting of both
factory and non-factory units. The growth rate for bakery products is estimated at
an average of 9.8% per annum. The demand for these products will continue to
increase in the future. The estimated growth rate of 9.8% is on the lower side
considering the present potentiality of bakery products, particularly in the rural
areas; where about 70% of the total population of India lives. Encouraging
50
trends, in consumption of bakery products, by population of lower and middle
income groups indicate vast scope for consideration of nutritional enrichment of
bakery products. .
Opening up of Indian economy has made Indian manufacturers to access
international suppliers of raw material and technology, results is to ease
availability of important inputs (raw material) and machinery. Thus baking
became affordable to Indian consumers.
Bread and gourmet falls in bakery sectors. Today bread demand is likely to grow
faster than the biscuits as snacks patterns are changing very fast in urban area.
At present bread is consumed in large cities, which will start in small towns also.
Biscuits – most popular among bakery products
Highly industrialized states in India consume more bakery products and biscuits.
Government of India encourages Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to those
who are interested in establishing the bakery as an enterprise. Opportunities are
opened up not only to SMEs but also to small entrepreneurs as small bakery
units need less capital.
Recently, bakery parlours are taking place as fast food / convenient food corner
due to cultural integration, changing of eating habits affected by globalization and
industrialization. The bakery industry is becoming more and more organized,
lots of national and international brand has started their chains in India and
Gujarat also. Demand for Exotic products, Cakes, pastries and Premium biscuits
are also increasing in this segment.
In the State like Gujarat where per capita income continues to increase will
results in the consumption of bakery products. .
Food safety
Hazard Analysis & Critical Control Points (HACCP)
HACCP is a management system in which food safety is addressed through the
analysis and control of biological, chemical, and physical hazards from raw
material production, procurement and handling, to manufacturing, distribution
and consumption of the finished product.
(http://www.fda.gov)
Some of the Law which entrepreneur should keep in mind
Important web site http://www.fssai.gov.in/
51
To ensure hygienic, safe and wholesome food for human, Government of India
has established Food Safety and Standard authority of India (FSSAI) under the
Food Safety and Standard Act, 2006 which is laying down science based
standards for any articles of food and also regulating manufacturing, processing,
distribution, sales and import of any food items.
some important Food Safety and Standard Regulations 2011 (FSS)
FSS (Licensing and Registration of Food businesses)
regulation, 2011
This regulation is applicable to “Petty Food Manufacturer” very short definition
of Petty food manufactures is those whose turnover is less than Rs.12 Lakh, or
production capacity of food (other than milk and milk products) does not exceed
100 kg/ltr per day or procurement or handling and collection of milk is up to 500
litres of milk per day.
FSS (Packaging and Labelling) regulation, 2011
This regulation is applicable for Labelling of food container like Best before,
Date of packaging, Infant, Lot no, Repackaged etc.
FSS (Food product standards and Food Additives) regulation, 2011
(part I)(part II) This regulation is generally related to Liquid, Mild, Edible oil, Vegetable ghee
etc, double toned milk , Hydrogen added to an vegetable oil etc.
Part II various ingredients like Acidity regulatory, Stabilizing agent, Improver,
Flour treatment agent, Preservative, Color, Synthetic, Flavor, Nutrition‟s etc.
FSS (Prohibition and Restriction on sales) regulation, 2011
This regulation contains “Sale of certain admixtures prohibited”
FSS (contaminates, toxins and residues) regulation, 2011
52
This regulation applicable to various crop - any substance not intentionally
added to food, beverages, baking powder etc.
FSS (Laboratory and sampling analysis) regulation, 2011
Entrepreneur can refer http://foodlicensing.fssai.gov.in to know how to get Food License
In India it is mandatory for all Food Business Operators (FBO) to be registered or
licensed in accordance with the procedures laid down in the regulation.
Above portal of FSSAI provide facility for online registration For license :
Food Business Operators (FBO's) are required to have an active and valid
personal e-mail ID and Mobile Number.
For Registration:
FBO's are required to have a valid personal e-mail ID OR Mobile number
Gujarat State address:
Food Safety Commissioner for Gujarat & Commissioner,
Food and Drugs Control Administration, ( Government of Gujarat ),
Block No. 8, 1st Floor,Dr. Jivraj Mehta Bhavan,
Gandhinagar-382010, Gujarat.
Tel: 079-23253417, 23253399, Fax: 079-23253400,
How to start Agro./ Food processing Industry / business.
First of all let us learn about definition of Agro industry.
As per Government of Gujarat Agro Policy definition of Agro
industry is…..
“Agro industries are those units which add value to agriculture
products/residues, both food and non-food, by processing into products which
are marketable or usable or edible or by improving storability or by providing
the link from farm to the market or part thereof. Agro industry also includes
Hi-Tech and Bio-technology based agriculture.
“Agricultural Product” …..means produce of agriculture, horticulture,
sericulture, floriculture, fisheries and includes minor forest produce and live
stock based products, except dairy and dairy based products. “
Source :- http://www.gujagro.org
53
Features of Agro industry
Agricultural products means produce of Agriculture/Horticulture-Sericulture,
Floriculture, Fisheries (except conventional technology process of crushing oil
from edible oilseeds) and it also includes minor forest produce and live stock
based products (except dairy and dairy- based products).
Hi-tech and Bio-technology based Agriculture means project/s which involve any one of the
processes such as Tissue culture, Production of Transgenic Plant, Mass
Multiplication of parasites/predators, Fermentation plant for bio fertilizers,
Gene Mapping, Cloning and Genetic engineering, Green house, Aquaculture etc.
As per Gujarat Agro Industries Corporation, the scope of
Agro Industry……
It includes all elements of food chain it means from FARM to
MARKET its components are …….
Grading – Sorting – Pre-cooling - Packing – Refrigerated transport –
Warehousing – Cold storage – Retail outlets for Agro produce / Horticulture /
Floriculture produce.
Some tips to entrepreneurs…..for food / agri. business
Seek proper advice and collect data.
Entrepreneur can seek advice from Gujarat Agro Industries Corporation,
Industrial Extension Bureau, Gujarat Industrial Technical consultancy
Organization (Address / Website address available on last page) or Agriculture
universities of Gujarat situated at Junagadh, Anand, Navsari and Danta. There
are also National Science and R&D institute like Indian Council of Agriculture
Research (I.C.A.R.), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (C.S.I.R.),
Central Food Technology Research Institute (Mysore)(C.F.T.R.I.)
Entrepreneur should get information about statistics of crop / vegetables/ fruits
(availability and price trends) opportunities in post harvest management and
value addition by processing of Agro produce
Identify location:-
Entrepreneur should preferable select the location of unit in the radius of 60 kms.
of availability of Agro produce to reduce waste, particularly in the case of
54
perishable agro produce like fruit, vegetables etc. Export oriented unit should
identify location near Airport, Port or express highway.
At present Any agro industry set up anywhere in Gujarat is eligible for incentives
except areas covered under jurisdiction of Ahmedabad, Baroda, Rajkot, Surat
and Jamnagar and Bhavnagar municipality. However cold chain and retail outlet
for perishable will be exempted from this.
State Government Incentives at a glance
Interest subsidy to Agro industry and Infrastructure project
Assistance for preparation of project report
Assistance for patent registration Assistance for quality certification mark
Air freight subsidy Assistance for sending samples abroad
Details of subsidy is available on the web site of Gujarat Agro Industry
Corporation Ltd.
Procedure for claiming subsidy / assistance
First of all entrepreneur is required to take Agri.Business Registration Number
(ABRN)
For this he should approach Gujarat Agro Industry Corporation (GAIC) for claim
of all other subsidy / assistance prescribed form is available at GAIC, or all
District Industry Centre or website of GAIC, iNDEXTb. There is also various
Assistance / subsidy scheme of Central Government is shown in Table A
Table – A
Setting up / expansion / modernization of food processing industry
Setting up of pulse mill
Setting up of mobile fruit & vegetable processing
Establishing of post harvest infrastructure
Food processing industry estate – food park
Setting up of innovative dairy product
National Horticulture Board (NHB) Schemes
Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA)- this authority mainly give assistance to export oriented unit.
55
Detail is available on website of respective authority office. Web site address is
available on last page.
Quality certification
Food Product Order (FPO) for food processing of vegetable
/ fruit units)
ISI Indian Standard Institute
AGMARK
ISO 9000/14000
HACCP : The Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points
(This is essential for the product which is to be exported.)
Government permissions required for setting up agro industrial project in Gujarat
In India it is mandatory for all Food Business Operators (FBO) to be registered
or licensed in accordance with the procedures laid down in the regulation.
Various licensing authority
Subject Authority
Starting the agro Industries Commisionerate, industrial project
Approval of Factory Lay out Town Planning Dept.
Village Panchayat
NOC on Pollution Control State Pollution Control Board
AGMARK Certification Directorate of Marketing and Inspection, Ministry of Rural Development, GOI
License under Shop and Establishment Act
Municipal Corporation
Sales tax number Government of Gujarat commercial Tax dept.
Approval of Factory Lay out Village Panchayat / Town Planning Department
ISI Certification Bureau of Indian Standards
Boiler Inspection and verification of smoke Nuisance
Steam Boiler and Smoke Nuisance Department
License / Registration Food Safety Commissioner for Gujarat & Commissioner, Food and Drugs Control Administration, Government of Gujarat,
Classification of Agro / Food industry in terms of process:
Manual / Mechanical
56
Cleaning – Grading – Packing – Pre-cooling – Refrigerated van – Cold
storage with multi storage
Mechanical
Ginning – Milling – Cutting – Mixing
Mechanical-chemical
Cooking – Preservation - Canning – Dehydration – Freezing – Weaving –
Extraction
Chemical
Chemical – Alteration
To grab a larger share of world trade, Agri. entrepreneur have to strictly adhere
to international food safety standards. Agri. entrepreneur must take care of Food
safety, which is a very important concern. World Health Organisation (WHO) has
introduced agreement which has increased, adheres of safety norms and other
regulations.
As per IFPRI (International Food Policy Research Institute)
STEPS TO START BUSINESS ……. AT A GLANCE
Steps to start Food processing business
Convert your idea in to success
1> Select your product….
2> What is your product idea
3> What are the features of product / What type of product is?
• Think
• Dream
No money required
• Meet people
• Prepare business plan
Work hard
• Implement with determination
• (Money required)
SUCCEED
57
Handpicked, Fresh, Handmade, Homemade etc….
4> How it will be available
In leading store, only by order, all season, all days, Festival etc
Packing size 100 gm, 30 no
5> Do market survey
6> Prepare Business plan / Project report
It is very important to do market survey before you start to prepare
business plan (Detailed Project Report). Business plan is most important to
document a path shower it will be most important guideline to make
smooth running of your venture and became successful entrepreneur.
Market research will help to find out is there a market for your product?,
The market survey will help in deciding
How to distribute
What the price will be?
How you will promote your product.
Scenario of industry
Who and where are your competitors
Who are your customers
7> How you will organize your business (form/nature of entity of your
business)
8> Business name
9> Various business structure:- Proprietor, Partnership, Co-op society, Pvt./
Public ltd company, Self help group etc.
10> Know Business law/regulations / food safety health license
To protect both businessman and consumer Government (Central , State and
Local) has created / formed law and regulations. Various licensing authorities has
been constituted :-
Food Safety and Standard Act, 2006
Food Safety and Standard Regulations 2011 (FSS)
Local Govt. Food / health license is required to start food related business.
Collect information of Business law/regulations / food safety health license
Insurance :Insurance is most important to reduce risk, entrepreneur should
collect information regarding different insurance and should call insurance
advisor to select best insurance plan and company.
58
Financial / Accounting system
Finance and accounts is most important area for any businessman. Proper books
of accounts must be maintained from very beginning, it will help you to calculate
your Tax, and save tax also. You can use your Income Tax return, Balance sheet
to submit financial institution for borrowing.
Strategy – manufacturing, trading, job work
Now you are starting business. Select place where will be your manufacturing
plant, whether plant, shop, storage building will be rental or ownership how far is
sourcing of raw material, how far is storage facility where is your market etc.
Tip: initially to reduce risk and reduce investment you can enter contract with
existing unit which process, or custom pack on behalf of you.
Unique product development / Innovation
After taking trial you should develop your own product, if needed you should
modify existing product by taste, size, color etc.You can consult Product
Development expert, Food technologist. For example Ice cream for diabetic
patient, Low calorie food for people having cholesterol etc.
Human resource
You have started with limited manpower, you yourself might be involved in many
task to control your preliminary and operating expenses. After your product is
accepted and planning to reach the next level you should focus on your
manpower planning, you should gradually start recruit manpower like marketing,
accounting, supporting staff etc.
Packaging / labeling
Packaging is most important for any product, because first thing customer sees is
packing and not the product. Your packing must be
Attractive Easy to carry
Un breakable Environment friendly
Easy to open, Reusable
59
Mass marketing
Now you have tested your product in market if it is accepted try to expand your
market increase your market share, increase your outlets, redesign your market
plant, mass marketing will reduce your market expenses and increase your profit
Important standards
AGMARK, ISI, ISO 9000 +, HACCP, GMP
Agencies:
Food Safety and Standards Authority of India QUALITY CIRCLE……
How to start own Business….. Important tips
You decided to be an Entrepreneur / Businessman…! OK
Plan
Do
Check
Take
Action
Maintain
Quality
60
Now ask yourself is it a right time, right place, right product…? Be honest for self
analysis.
One can ask more questions…. Like
Are business responsibilities likely to conflict with my lifestyle or
family priorities?
Do I possess the skill required for business? Soft or hard
Do I have necessary energy and determination..?
Am I ready to take more risk..?
Can I afford to lose present income (if doing job or any other activity)
If an entrepreneur proceed right way it will be easy for him to achieve goal. If one
want to start a small business one should precede in right way. By following the
process one‟s business will definitely grow and sustain for long time.
Step -1
First of all choose the business format:
Trading – Service providing – Manufacturing - / Partnership, Proprietor, Private
Ltd. Company
Choose product (item)
While selecting product / item entrepreneur should have expert knowledge of his
business if no knowledge hire a consultant or make a partner who has
knowledge of this, give time to hard work with determination.
First generation entrepreneur should start with small (preferably) trading / selling,
instead of purchasing property, shop office he should take on rent. In 21st century
internet is best, ideal and cheapest way to start trading business to which we call
E-commerce. This small start will save money even if you fail.
Gradually, one will gain knowledge and get experience in low budget
Step-2
Think of source of fund, source of funds can be
Your own saving * Family members / relatives / friends who are ready to lend
you money
Bank / financial institutions
61
Step – 3
Start legal formalities
License from local Government / Jilla panchayat etc.
Registration with State / Central Government
Sales Tax now (VAT) / Service Tax registration
PAN registration for Income Tax
Study / collect information of applicable law related to your business
/ product etc.
Step – 4
Keep your accounting system perfect maintain your day to accounts Income –
Expenditure / Payment transaction accurately.
Now business process which include Sourcing / Selling etc.
Collect information and analyze it.
o What is my target market
o Is it consumer or industrial?
o Is it expanding..? If yes, find out at what rate..?
o Who are my potential customers..?
o How I will approach them..
o How I will build relationship with my customers..
o Find out hard core of your product
o What will be main selling points of my product..?
It may be Price, Color, Taste, Size, Appearance, Culture of customer, Worldly
situation, Season and many more.
What will be my repeat order period?
How I will distribute my product.
Collect information of competitors.
Supplier’s information
Who are my suppliers?
How much they are reliable?
Are they capable of supplying me in quantity I required..?
What their financial strength is
Whether their price is competitive and quality is good
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Good practice to become successful businessman
(Entrepreneur)
Keep your preliminary expenses as low as possible
Select the product fills market need and should be in continues demand
Set goal and work hard to achieve it Get advice from professional advisor
Adhere to your business plan – monitor it
Constantly collect customers‟ feedback
Make use of information technology tools
Adopt new trends and technology
Update your knowledge Develop your own web site, create your e-mail ID
To become a successful entrepreneur Learn lesson from Shri Ganesha
Shri Krishna Be a leader, Bureaucratic, strategic -- Care for nature /
environment, Adopt change.
Shri Hanuman Be Brave, Accept responsibility, Take challenge
Shri Arjuna Stick to your Goal
Maharshi Narad Be good communicator, travel extensively
Narsinh Mehta Keep faith in self
Mahatma Gandhi Try to DO something and no to BE something
Tiny man without having any powerful position end the British rule and Rules
millions of Indian heart and rest of the world.
Not last but least: -- No matter your size, strength in comparison of other By
using intellectual, using resources properly you can compete your competitor
….Guess…..! who…..? it is kids favorite JERRY of TOM and JERRY
We can learn lot more from our ancient wisdom stories and Birbal stories.
Listen carefully - particularly to your customer
Observe sharply
Think big
Gather knowledge
Be intellectual
63
Tips for Starting / Running Small Farm Business
Prepare Business Plan (All the details must be followed for successful venture)
Specific knowledge in Agriculture OR hire Agri. expert
Identify product
Product Resource (raw material)
Human Resource
Place / Land (availability)
Brand / Logo
Selection of financial institution
Information of local culture, traditions, festivals etc
Financial projections
1> Own fund 2> Loan, Financial institution, Project report
Present financial information
Market analysis
1> Market survey 2> Take note of demand & supply
Marketing plan
Retail Outlet / Distributors
Researching about your competition and market
Competing strategies
Other formalities
Business description and mission statement
Feeling up of forms in Government state which includes business
permits
To take licenses with regard to agriculture and farming.
Set up of an accounting system with the use of the computer.
Agro waste…. source of energy – fuel
It is estimated that India generates about 500 million tons of agro waste annually.
Source of agro waste is Baggage, Rice and wheat straw and husk, Cotton stalk,
ground nut shell, banana stalk and jute, sisal and vegetables residues.
Agro Fuel (image pl refer second last page) Picture - 1
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Agro fuel first came in light aftermath of oil crisis in 1980. Many countries and
their policy makers came forward in support of production of Agro-fuels as a
substitute of petrolium product and it is promoted aggressively. Jathropa and
Corn are two main plants / crop for the source of agro fuel. Jathropha seeds
contain more than 30 % content of non-edible oil. Main benefit of Jatropha is
that it grows in the wild, does not require irrigation projects and can be harvested
about two years of planting.
Bio Coal
The Agri and Forest waste can be converted in to Bio fuel (Briquetters) which can
be substitute for coal, lignite or crude oil, and also help to minimize carbon foot
print.
Here are some raw materials (Agro waste) useful for manufacturing Agro fuel :
Bagasse (Bagasse is the fiber left over after the juice has been squeezed
out of sugarcane stalks.
Ground Nut Shell
Husk of Coffee, Rice, Peddu, Sunflower, Chana, Cotton, Soyabean
Saw dust is also an important source
Pellet are small particles which are created by compressing Bagasse, Groundnut
shell, Husk of coffee, rice, sunflower, etc.
This pellet is ideal option of fuel for household as well as industrial use, this is
non conventional, eco friendly and non polluting.
Biomass, as a renewable energy source, is biological material from
living, or recently living organisms. As an energy source, biomass
can either be used directly, or converted into other energy
products such as biofuel. (Source: http://en.wikipedia.org)
Agri. waste is most important reusable source which can be divided in to four
main categories as per usages
Bio fuel
Direct used for boiler or by making pellet, briquette
Bio power
Electricity is generated by use of Bio mass resource
Bio products
By products manufactured from Agro. Waste or plant
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Automobile Interior material, carpet or cloth from corn or corn waste
some article / products made from Agrowaste/plant leafs
Cups/Lids
Plates
Bowls/Lids
Containers/Lids
To-go Containers
Trays
Utensils
Soufflé Cups/Lids
Biodegradable
Bags Straws/Sleeves
Main benefit of these products is that these are eco friendly and biodegradable
Biodegradation or biotic-degradation or biotic decomposition is the
chemical dissolution of materials by bacteria or other biological
means. The term is often used in relation to ecology, waste
management, biomedicine, and the natural environment
(bioremediation)and is now commonly associated with
environmentally friendly products that are capable of
decomposing back into natural elements. Organic material can be
degraded aerobically with oxygen, or an aerobically, without
oxygen. A term related to biodegradation is bio mineralisation, in
which organic matter is converted into minerals. Bio surfactant,
an extracellular surfactant secreted by microorganisms, enhances
the biodegradation process. (Source: http://en.wikipedia.org)
Our innovative entrepreneur should find out new source of Agro waste material to
manufacture Bio products.
Lesson from Developed countries…over- industrialization..
After adding tons of Greenhouse Gases emitted from burning fossil fuels, all
developed countries suddenly have started crying… to reduce Carbon foot print
- level of Carbon dioxide. To save their environment they have started de-
industrialization, the outsourcing of production to under developed country.
Over industrialization must be stopped, Fertile land must not be grab for industry.
All countries, particularly India, must wake up to focus on Agriculture sector to
save Mother Earth, and feed its hungry population. If not wake up now, time will
come to go for Vertical farming.
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Agro tourism
“It is tourism that focuses on agricultural areas.”
Agro tourism is a style of vacation, in which hospitality is offered on FARM.
This is like killing two birds with one stone. Earning from farm produce and
earning from tourist through same farm. Tourism is an instrument for recreation
and very much important for employment generation and sustainable human
development.
In the present context, Agro-Tourism has great scope for many reasons.
Such as…….
People are now health conscious.
Demand is for wholesome family oriented recreational activities.
Tourists are in search for peace and tranquillity (these two are part
of Agri. Tourism.
Urban population and foreign tourist are leaning towards nature.
Urban new generation are very much curious about agriculture.
and not last but least this is inexpensive.
Tourism industry in India is growing at the rate of 10% which is more than double
times higher that the growth rate at global level. By introducing Agro-Tourism
concept, not only present growth rate is sustained, but also this value addition
contributes to further growth.
As per Conde Nast Travellor –(European Travel Magazine) India has taken its
place amongst the top 10 tourist destinations list. We are one of the top tourist
destinations in the World. A novel concept like Agro-tourism would strengthen the
competitiveness of Indian tourism industry in global tourism market.
People typically visit farms, ranches, groves, orchards and other agricultural
sites.
Agro-Tourism is very popular in Australia and North America, it relatively new in
India, and especially in Gujarat.Main benefit of Agro-Tourism is that it is in
expensive and need less investment. Urban population is fade up with noisy and
polluted environment they are leaning towards nature. Agro tourism provides
tourist totally different natural and pollution free atmosphere that they can forget
their busy urban life and enjoy.
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Agro-Tourism is, of attracting travellers or visitors to a place of land which is
used for agricultural/farming purposes. Focused are is on education and may
be small scale. Main benefit of Agro-tourism is that it doubles income generating
tool Agro produce and Tourist income. Many Agri.-tourism activities require only
a small farm. Many small communities have started giving strong support to
Agro. Tourism as rural people have realised the benefits of natural travel, which
brings sustainable development.
Global warming / Carbon foot print – Carbon dioxide (CO2) is most dangerous
and important issue to be addressed .By encouraging Agro. Tourism,
Government can cut down Carbon dioxide emission as this is climate friendly
tourism.
Agro tourism – Entrepreneur should ensure that:-
Tourist should have something to do i.e. planting, tractor driving, bullock cart
driving, fetching water, participating in rural game, animal riding, swimming in
pond or river etc.
Or they should have something to see / watch i.e. Animals, birds, rural cultural
activity, festivals.
Or they have something to purchase – Crafts, local traditional dress, farm fresh
produce – vegetables, fruits etc,
Agro tourism operator may offer to tourists like Traditional food, youth camp,
Farm stay, Picking fruit/vegetables, Cart riding – tractor driving, Harvest festival,
Rural festival etc.
The ideal place for Agro.- tourism is locations nearby Big city examples of
Gujarat is like Ahmedabad , Rajkot, Bhavnagar, Surat, Vadodara etc.
Gujarat government is planning to focus on Agriculture tourism in a big way, with
the help of Sardar Krushinagar Agriculture University Dantiwada (SAUD).
Government of Gujarat has initiated to setup an Agriculture Tourism and Training
Centre (ATTC) which will provide traditional wisdom of agriculture to the tourists
which will help in the growth of rural economy.
Possible activity at Agri. tourist place / at agriculture farm.
Visit in farm on foot Watering to crop Animal feeding Rural Festivals/ Yatra Farmers' markets at the
Guided farm visit Crop /Vegetables / Fruits
Watching domestic animals and How to care for cattle
Fruit / vegetable plucking Operations
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village and taluka place Taluka Milk Collection
centers Village fairs. Roadside produce stands Animal riding Rural game
Harvest festivals Milking the Cow Religious Temples Visits Agricultural education programs: how
to grow sugar cane, grapes, pomegranate, guava, watermelon, tomato, other vegetables,
Evening Entertainment Programs
Rural folk dance, music, campfire & lot of fun filled games.
Rural games to be played
Bullock cart and tractor Rides Kabaddi Langadi
Gilli danda Kho-Kho Bullock Ploughing
Gotya Lagore & Gallori
Automation / Mechanism in Agriculture:
Higher productivity and raising more crops through Agricultural Mechanization
Development is the need of an hour for Indian agriculture. Looking to the present
population growth and food consumption pattern in India, growth in food grain
production is essential for our country. The Central Institute of Agricultural
Engineering (CIAE) and other institutions are trying to meet the challenges.
Indian farmer should adopt mechanical farming by increasing usages of Agri.
equipment / Farm tools / Information and communication Technology tools. It
also helps in removing the drudgery.
Some of Farm equipment / tools- a lucrative business opportunity
Tractors
Power tillers
Reapers
Threshers
Sprinkler irrigation equipment
Irrigation equipment
Hand tools
Precision planter
Zero till drill
Seed cum fertilizer drill
Raised bed planter
Weeders
Plant protection equipment
Harvesting &threshing machines
Micro sprinkler
There is a scope of entrepreneurship (small business service providing)
development on Agri. mechanisation is very high in rural area such as:
Repairs and maintenance of agri. equipments
Farm equipment hiring service
Solar power generation
Biomass collection van
Skill training centers
69
Prospective entrepreneur should take advantage of CIAE Prototype Production
Centre equipped with modern machine tools for fabrication of farm equipment
Address of The Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering
Prototype Production Centre
Nabi Bagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal – 462 038
Phone No: 91-755-2521142 e-mail: [email protected]
http://www.ciae.nic.in
At present in India the agriculture sector supports 58% of the total population,
which was about 75% at 50 years back. It is a matter of concern the slow growth
observed in the agriculture sector for the future food and nutritional security of
the country. The contribution of agri. sector to the Gross Domestic Product
(GDP) has sharply fallen from 61 to 19% as of today. It is projected that demand
of food grains would be 345 million tons in 2030 which was 192 million
tones In year 2000.Availability of water for agriculture plays important role. India
needs to re utllise (recycled / treated waste water) as natural resources are
decreasing and demand is increasing. India should promote the micro irrigation
system and resource conservation technologies like Standardized raised &
sunken bed system for higher productivity in waterlogged lands, zero tillage,
integrated nutrient management in agri. sector.
Farm Equipment / Tools:
Farm equipment mfg. sector is playing a key role in supporting of farm sector
development. Government support and farmers started adopting mechanized
farm practice which has been a major booster in developing of this sector,
despite the fact that the agriculture sector‟s share in the GDP has little fallen. It is
assumed that Indian demand for farm equipment has been increasing approx. @
6% p.a. The demand of Agri. equipment which was US $ 5.8 billion in 2007 has
been increased to $ 7.9 billion in 2012.
Farm sector business opportunities in farm equipment / tools can be define in
main two areas (1) Farming/pre harvest and (2) post harvest. There is ample
opportunity in manufacturing and exporting of Farm / Garden tools / machinery.
Share of both Human and animal power is showing declining since 1971 and
continuously showing declining trend (reduced up to 45+%)
70
Western Europe USA and China has great demand, however Indian
manufacturers can grab domestic market as mechanization in Agriculture has
been adopted for last 20+ years only.
Farm equipments and machinery can also be related with Agr. Sector
Matter of concern.... need to act
Son of farmers is never willing to go for farming, industry is encroaching farm
land, in comparison to the middlemen farmers are not earning more, whereas
middleman are making money without any risk – hard work. Government should
stop acquisition of fertile Agriculture land. The youth of villages should be
motivated to go for farming. More schools and colleges for Agriculture – farming
study should be established in rural area so that Scientific and advance
knowledge in agriculture sectors can be provided to farmers / youth.
Entrepreneurship Awareness camp should be organized to motivate Farming /
Agriculture activity in rural area. Managerial inputs should be given to farmers for
effective farming management, Soft skill through Entrepreneurship Development
Programme may also be given, so that more and more Agri. Business enterprise
can be established in Gujarat which ultimately generate more and more
employment and results in to rural development . Various organization / institutes
should teach advanced Agri. subject to Farmers / persons who are willing to opt
for Agriculture as profession.
In India, almost all States are having Entrepreneurship Development Institutes,
respective State should promote Entrepreneurship Development Programme
exclusive for Agri. Business.
Some leading player in Agro food industries
Monsanto
H. J. Heinz Phalada Agro Research Foundation Ltd.
Rallis
Advanta India Ltd.
Poabs Organic Estates
DuPont India
Rasi Seeds
National Agro Industries
Vadilal Industries
ABT Industries
Vivante foods
Godrej Agro Parle product Bafna Agro Industries Ltd
Challenges….
71
Poor monsoon continuously increasing price of raw material (iron and steel) and
threat from China (Low cost) are major challenges apart from shortage of skill
manpower.
Various equipments, tools manufacturing opportunities in pictures is available at
last page.
72
ALL THE STATISTICS IS TAKEN FROM DIFFERENT AUTHENTIC
WEB SITES READER IS REQUESTED TO CONFIRM TIME TO TIME
IMPORTANT:- Following information is neither for any commercial purpose, nor
we have any connection, this information is downloaded from various websites,
only to give quick information. Various search engines like google, yahoo has
helped us to find this information.
Gujarat Agro Industries Corporation Ltd.
http://www.gujagro.org
Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MOFPI)
www.mofpi.nic.in National Horticulture Board (NHB)
www.hortibizindia.nic.in Agriculture and Processed food products Export Development Authority
www.apeda.com www.indextb.com
www.ic.gujarat.gov.in
Department of Horticulture Under (DAC) Govt. of Gujarat, Krushi Bhavan, Sector-10A, GandhiNagar, Gujarat-382010.
079-23256104 Fax: 23256113
E-mail: [email protected]
National Institute of Agricultural Extension
Management (MANAGE)
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500 030,
Phone : 040 - 24016702-709,
Central Food Technological Research Inst. Mysore www.cftri.com
Pruthvi Green House Construction Mr. Kadam S. S. ( Propritor ) 34, Vatan Nagar Talegoan Dhabade, Station, Taluka Maval Pune, Maharashtra - 410 507, http://www.pruthvigreenhouse.com
Kanak Exim
No. 302, Mother Palace,
Thobha Street, Mahidharpura Surat,
Gujarat - 395 003,
http://www.kanakexim.com
http://dir.indiamart.com
NABARD - http://nabard.org/
SIDBI - www.sidbi.com
(for natural dyes)
http://www.amaherbal.com
http://www.pioneerthinking.com
http://www.niir.org for various project profiles
www.ediindia.org
http://www.fnbnews.com
www.ikisan.com
http://www.floriculturetoday.in
Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation Urban Health Centre- Navrangpura Nr. Lalbunglow Off. C G Road – Ahmedabad For FSSI 2006 specification
http://www.foodcert.in
http://www.qcin.org/CAS/NMPB/STANDARD_FO
R_GAPMP.pdf
73
Table – 1 Please refer “Why Agri. Entrepreneurship.?
Source: National Council for Applied Economic Research (NCAER)
Above table shows that there are ample opportunities in Agro, Food Industry
Table-2 (Chart -2) Page 5 of this paper
Food/Grocery, 57
Personal Care, 5
Home & Textile, 1
Saving, 9
Clothig /Footwear, 5
Home appl., 7
Vacation, 3
Eating out, 6
Entertainment/Book etc, 7
Rupee SPENDING by Indian Food/Grocery
Personal Care
Home & Textile
Saving
Clothig /Footwear
Home appl.
0 50 100 150 200 250
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
180.1
184.4
191.4
198
210.13
229.7 -Estimated
Food Consumption in INDIA USB$-Source-BMI &CSO (iNDEXTb presentation Vibrant Gujarat 2011-12-13
USB$
74
Picture (1) Please refer title “Agro waste…. source of energy – fuel”
Agro Fuel (Briquettes)
-Picture – 2 Please refer “New opportunity in natural Fibre – Textile
Hemp
Flax
Picture - 3
Saluyot (http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-207292281.html
75
Picture - 4
Maguey FIBER FROM MAGUEY
Picture – 5 Green house “Farming in Controlled Condition (GREENHOUSE (G.H.)
Green house farming innovation is bless full for farmers / Agri. Entrepreneurs particularly for exotic
vegetables, flowers.
Stevia is an exceptional aid in weight management as it
contains no calories and reduces one's craving for fatty
foods & sweets.
76
Picture - 6 Please refer title) Role model– Team work at rural area.
10 Farms of one village
Value addition activity like removing rotten leaf of vegetables, rotten vegetables /
fruits / flower etc. can be done at farm site / village.
Picking at farm Sorting at village
Processing / packing at village Actul market (end user)
77
Some of medicinal plants…..Picture - 7
Tulsi
Amla
Ashoka
Bilva
Brahmi
Guggul
Satavari
Pippermint
Harida
Bahada
Aloe verra
Important web sites http://agri.gujarat.gov.in/hods/dir-agriculture.htm
http://krishiworld.com/2013/02/01/medicinal-and-aromatic-plants/
http://www.odishafdc.com/products_medicinal_ofdc.php
Picture -8
29/11/14ok
Area to grow herbal plants (Boarder area of Farm)
Farm for
main crop
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