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AGENT TECHNOLOGYAGENT TECHNOLOGY- -

APPLIED TO THE PROTECTION APPLIED TO THE PROTECTION OF POWER SYSTEMS OF POWER SYSTEMS

VINAYVINAY..


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Introduction to Technology Introduction to Technology What isWhat isanAgent?anAgent?


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D efinition of an agentD efinition of an agentWeWe define adefine asoftware agentsoftware agentto be a computerto be a computerprogram that hasprogram that hasthe basicthe basicpropertiesproperties asasshown above.shown above.


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Agent architecture Agent architecture Our agent p r oposal u ses geog r aphicallyOur agent p r oposal u ses geog r aphicallydist r ibu ted agents located in a n um be r of dist r ibu ted agents located in a n um be r of IntelligentIntelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs)Electronic Devices (IEDs)A n IED is a ha r dwa r e envi r on m ent that has the A n IED is a ha r dwa r e envi r on m ent that has thenecessa r y co m pu tational, co mmu nication, andnecessa r y co m pu tational, co mmu nication, andothe r I/O capabilities needed to s u ppo r t a softwa r eothe r I/O capabilities needed to s u ppo r t a softwa r e

agent.agent.A n IED can be loaded with agents that can A n IED can be loaded with agents that canpe r form cont r ol and/o r p r otection f u nctionality.pe r form cont r ol and/o r p r otection f u nctionality.


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local a r ea netwo rk s(L AN s) and wide a r ealocal a r ea netwo rk s(L AN s) and wide a r eanetwo rk s a r e u sed fo r the inte r actionnetwo rk s a r e u sed fo r the inte r actionbetween the IED s.between the IED s.Fo r the p ur pose of this abst r act, an IEDFo r the p ur pose of this abst r act, an IEDmu st be capable of r eceiving andmu st be capable of r eceiving ands u ppo r ting u se r s u ppo r ting u se r--based agent softwa r e.based agent softwa r e.DecisionDecision --m a k ing is m ade based onm a k ing is m ade based onk nowledge r eceived f r om othe r agents ask nowledge r eceived f r om othe r agents as

well as on local m eas ur e m ents.well as on local m eas ur e m ents.Local m eas ur e m ents m ight incl u de of theLocal m eas ur e m ents m ight incl u de of thecurr ent, voltage, and b r ea k e r stat u s.curr ent, voltage, and b r ea k e r stat u s.


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A gents m ight even inte r face with legacy A gents m ight even inte r face with legacysyste m s s u ch assyste m s s u ch as Sup ervisory ControlSup ervisory Controlandand Data Acq u isition ( S CADA)Data Acq u isition ( S CADA) syste m s.syste m s.

These netwo rk s will be based on Inte r netThese netwo rk s will be based on Inte r netstanda r ds even if the syste m s r e m ainedstanda r ds even if the syste m s r e m ainedindependent of the global netwo rk independent of the global netwo rk conglo m e r ation.conglo m e r ation.


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EPOCHS EPOCHS

EPOCHS EPOCHS ,, the Electric Power and the Electric Power and Communication Synchronizing Simulator Communication Synchronizing Simulator ..

T here is a requirement for the platform thatT here is a requirement for the platform thatcould simultaneously simulate both electriccould simultaneously simulate both electricpower and communication elements.power and communication elements.An EPOCH is a new environment allowing usersAn EPOCH is a new environment allowing usersto create and test agentto create and test agent- -based communicationsbased communicationsscenarios involving electric power transientsscenarios involving electric power transients ..


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AnAn EPOCH EPOCH makes use of three majormakes use of three major

simulatorssimulatorsPSCAD/EMTDC PSCAD/EMTDC ,, for electromagneticfor electromagnetictransient simulationtransient simulation

PSLF PSLF ,, for electromechanical transientfor electromechanical transientsimulation.simulation.NS2 NS2 ,, to simulate network communicationto simulate network communication ..

AnAn EPOCH EPOCH also adds two components ofalso adds two components ofits own.its own.i.Agent HQi.Agent HQ

ii.Runii.Run--Time InfrastructureTime Infrastructure (RTI)(RTI)


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PSCAD/EMTDC, PSLF PSCAD/EMTDC, PSLF ,, andand NS2 NS2 allowallowuseruser defined extensions.defined extensions.

AA PSCAD/EMTDC PSCAD/EMTDC scenario can includescenario can includeuseruser--defined libraries that adddefined libraries that addequipment definitions using the Cequipment definitions using the C

programming language that were notprogramming language that were notpresent in the original software.present in the original software.NS2 NS2 uses C++ languageuses C++ language..


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Agent HQ Agent HQ presents a unified worldviewpresents a unified worldviewto all simulated agents and acts as ato all simulated agents and acts as aproxy for all interproxy for all inter- -simulationsimulationinformation exchange.information exchange.AA Run Run- -Time Infrastructure Time Infrastructure (RT I(RT I )) isisresponsible for maintaining consistentresponsible for maintaining consistentsimulation timing between allsimulation timing between allcomponentscomponents


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A gent

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Cont r ol andP r otectionSche m es.

Senso r inp u t A ct u ato r ou tpu t

Ethe r net L AN

Envi r on m ent Agent Agent-- --based IEDs structure based IEDs structure


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Fa u lt in Envi r on m ent


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Rectification to Envi r on m ent


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Conclusions Conclusions

We have described the use of agents forWe have described the use of agents forpower systems protectionpower systems protection. .

One of the most fundamental features ofOne of the most fundamental features ofan agent is its ability to communicate.an agent is its ability to communicate.AgentAgent--based systems necessarily rely onbased systems necessarily rely on

communication networks to addcommunication networks to addfunctionality beyond what can befunctionality beyond what can beachieved by traditional methods.achieved by traditional methods.


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I t is still far too early to predict theI t is still far too early to predict the

future of agentfuture of agent- -based protection andbased protection andcontrol systems. T here are many issuescontrol systems. T here are many issuesthat must be dealt with in agentthat must be dealt with in agent- -basedbasedprotection and control.protection and control.

Communication security, properCommunication security, propercommunication protocol selection, and thecommunication protocol selection, and theappropriate range of applications forappropriate range of applications foragentagent--based methods are just a few ofbased methods are just a few ofmany issues that must be dealt withmany issues that must be dealt withbefore agents will be ready for use in realbefore agents will be ready for use in realsystems.systems.


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References;References; [1] Co ur y DV, Tho r p JS, Hop k inson KM, Bi rm an KP (2000) A gent Technology A pplied to[1] Co ur y DV, Tho r p JS, Hop k inson KM, Bi rm an KP (2000) A gent Technology A pplied to A daptative Relay Setting fo r Mu lti A daptative Relay Setting fo r Mu lti--Te rm inal Lines. P r esented at IEEE Powe r Enginee r ingTe rm inal Lines. P r esented at IEEE Powe r Enginee r ingSociety S umm e r Meeting,Seatle, Washington.Society S umm e r Meeting,Seatle, Washington.

[2] Co ur y DV, Tho r p JS, Hop k inson KM, Bi rm an KP (2000) I m p r oving the P r otection of EHV[2] Co ur y DV, Tho r p JS, Hop k inson KM, Bi rm an KP (2000) I m p r oving the P r otection of EHVTeed Feede r s Using Local A gents. P r esented at IEEE S umm e r MeetingTeed Feede r s Using Local A gents. P r esented at IEEE S umm e r Meeting

[3] Gene r al Elect r ic (200 3 ) PSLF Man u al.[3] Gene r al Elect r ic (200 3 ) PSLF Man u al.

[4] McLean C, Riddic k F (200 1 ) The IMS Mission A r chitect ur e fo r Dist r ibu ted[4] McLean C, Riddic k F (200 1 ) The IMS Mission A r chitect ur e fo r Dist r ibu tedMan u fact ur ing Si mu lation. P r esented at S umm e r Co m pu te r Si mu lation Confe r enceMan u fact ur ing Si mu lation. P r esented at S umm e r Co m pu te r Si mu lation Confe r ence

[5] Redfe r n M A , Chiwaya AA W (1994 ) A N ew A pp r oach to Digital C urr ent Diffe r ential[5] Redfe r n M A , Chiwaya AA W (1994 ) A N ew A pp r oach to Digital C urr ent Diffe r entialP r otection fo r Low and Medi um Voltage Feede r Cir cu it u sing a Digital VoiceP r otection fo r Low and Medi um Voltage Feede r Cir cu it u sing a Digital Voice --F r eq u ency G r adeF r eq u ency G r adeCo mmu nication Channel.IEEE Tr ansaction on Powe r Delive r y vol. 9:135 2Co mmu nication Channel.IEEE Tr ansaction on Powe r Delive r y vol. 9:135 2 --13581358

[6] Sa m ad T, Ha r p S, Wollenbe r g B, Mo r ton B,Pi r es L, B r ignonne S ( 1999 ) Sii mu lation of [6] Sa m ad T, Ha r p S, Wollenbe r g B, Mo r ton B,Pi r es L, B r ignonne S ( 1999 ) Sii mu lation of Co m plex Syste m s fo r the Powe r Ind u st r y with A daptive A gents. EPRI, Palo A lto, C A TR11 2816Co m plex Syste m s fo r the Powe r Ind u st r y with A daptive A gents. EPRI, Palo A lto, C A TR11 2816


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