agenda physical geography – europe mesopotamia is greek for “land between two rivers.”...
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Agenda• Physical Geography – Europe
• Mesopotamia is Greek for “land between two rivers.”
• Sumerians (3500 to 2300 B.C.), the developers of writing
• Babylon (1792-1595 B.C.), led by Hammurabi, who developed the eye-for-an-eye legal code
• Assyria (883-612 B.C.), the masters of warfare and the first people to effectively use chariots.
• The culture of Mesopotamia spread to Palestine, Greece and Rome and became components of our culture today.
Sumerians (3500 to 2300 B.C.), go from hunter-gatherer society to agricultural (farming)
Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent •Widely regarded as the “cradle of civilization,”
Warm-Up
• What type of landforms might isolate cultures from each other?
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Europe Physical Geography Europe Physical Geography MapMap
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Current Europe Political MapCurrent Europe Political Map
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Current Physical and Political Map of Europe -Current Physical and Political Map of Europe -Layers of InformationLayers of Information
Mountains• Alps• Apennine• Balkan• Pyrenees
• Serve as a barrier
• Isolate cultures
Peninsulas • Peninsula – a piece of land nearly surrounded on all sides
by water• Northern– Scandinavian– Jutland
• Southern– Iberian– Italian– Balkan
• How would being surrounded/near water affect way of life?
Oceans and Seas
• North Sea
• Bay of Biscay
• Mediterranean
Sea
• Adriatic Sea
• Baltic Sea
• Norwegian Sea
• Black Sea
• Aegean Sea
• English Channel
RiversBenefits• transport goods between interior and
coastal cities• Aided movement of ideas
Danube– Touches 9 countries– Connects to central
Europe to Russia and Middle East
Rhine River • Connects Central Europe to
England
Northern European Plain• One of
World’s most Fertile Regions
• Flatness, provided an easy entrance for invaders throughout History.
Unique Features
• Fjords– Steep valley’s carved by Glaciers and
then filled with seawater
• Polders– Land in the Netherlands that is drained
and dried
• Canals– City of Venice made up of Islands– Boat is primary source of travel
FJORDS
How do you create a Polder?
Zuider Zee
• The Dutch built a dike across its entrance.
• It gradually became a freshwater lake.
• Allowed Dutch to reclaim once flooded land.
Resources• Coal and Iron– Large supply– Peat – partially decayed plant matter used
in Ireland burned as an energy source• Oil – Found in the North Sea
• Land– 33% Suitable for Agriculture–World average is 11%
Major Factors that influence climate in Europe
• Ocean Currents• North Atlantic Drift
– Warm water current that moderates the temperature
• Winds• Mistral – cold wind
from North• Sirocco – Warm wind
from Africa
• Mountains • Block winds and
moisture
Prevailing westerlies (wind) blow West to East
Key Terms + Main Ideas Review
• Physical Geography is responsible for:– Isolating cultures– Varied Climates
• Humans have had to adapt by:– Becoming excellent sailors– Living in unique areas• Venice - Canals• Netherlands – Polders