Agenda – Monday, February 10th Hand back quizzes/collect homework Neurotransmission review and notes Homework: NONE

Quizzes #3 and #4 Quiz #3

5th hour Mean: 10.5/13 7th hour Mean: 11.4/13

Quiz #4 5th hour Mean: 13.4/19 7th hour Mean: 13.4/19

Biology of the Mind

Starting Small Find your partner (person with the

matching term/definition) Three tasks

ASK: What part of the biology unit are you MOST overwhelmed by?

Using the blank diagram, try your best (WITHOUT NOTES) to label the neuron

Types of Cells

Individual nerve cells

Generate and conduct electrical impulses Thoughts,

movement, behavior, pain, pleasure, memories, etc.

“Housekeeper” cells

Hold neurons in place

Transport oxygen and nutrients to neurons

Remove and destroy dead neurons

Neurons Glial Cells

Types of Neurons Afferent Neurons (Sensory)

Transfer information from sensory receptors to the brain

(A for ARRIVAL) Efferent Neurons (Motor)

Transfer information from the brain to rest of body (E for EXIT)

Interneurons Internal communication within the Central Nervous

System (I for INTERNAL)

The Neuron

Agenda – Tuesday, February 11th Continue neurotransmission notes Neurotransmitter article assignment Article due THURSDAY

Neurotransmission Resting Potential: Each neuron sits/rests at a -70

charge, which is the only time the neuron is capable of firing an action potential

Threshold: The amount of neurotransmitters that need to be received to trigger an action potential

Action Potential: A brief electrical charge that travels through a neuron allowing a neurotransmitter to exit the neuron and enter another

Neurotransmission All-or-none potential: A neuron either fires

or it doesn’t (no in-between) Like a gun

Depolarization: A message from another neuron causes the inside of the neuron to become positive (+)

Selective Permeability: The membrane letting in/shutting out certain ions

Neurotransmission Repolarization: Occurs right after the

action potential as potassium moves out of the inside of the cell restoring the inside back to a negative charge

Refractory period: A brief period that the neuron cannot fire until -70 charge is restored

Neural Firing

The Magic School BusThere is a bus full of unhappy children on their way to Normal Community High school. They’re feeling sad because the world outside looks so happy, the sun is shining, the birds are chirping, etc. At a certain point, the driver makes a stop and picks up a kid by opening the bus door. The wonderful air whooshes in, and if enough kids go from sad to happy, then they start getting rambunctious. Having now, wasted their energy, there’s a short time before they can start it up again.

Parts of a NeuronSoma NucleusDendriteAxonMyelin Sheath

Neuronal FiringResting PotentialThresholdAll-or-NothingDepolarizationSelective Permeability RepolarizationRefractory Period

http://science.education.nih.gov/supplements/nih2/addiction/activities/lesson2_neurotransmission.htm

Agenda – Thursday, February 13th Neurotransmitter Review

Handout Discussion

If time: work on “Brain Game” review Homework: EXAM #2 TOMORROW!!!

Neurotransmitters Purpose:

Chemicals that transmit signals from neurons through the process of neurotransmission

Provide meaning and use to our brain structures

Neurotransmitters GABA Norepinephrine Glutamate Serotonin: Regulates mood, sleep,

eating, arousal, and pain Low levels contribute to depression and

suicidal tendencies Dopamine Acetylcholine

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Neurotransmitters

Dopamine

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamine

GABA

Endorphins

Normal Function:Attention; Emotion

(Pleasure); voluntary movement

Problems with Imbalance:Too much: Schizophrenia,

Too little: Parkinson’s

Substances that Affect:Cocaine, amphetamines,

Ritalin, alcohol

22

Neurotransmitters

Dopamine

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamine

GABA

Endorphins

Normal Function:Mood, Hunger, Sleep, &

Arousal

Problems with Imbalance:Lack associated with

Depression, certain anxiety disorders (OCD)

Substances that Affect:Prozac, hallucinogenics

(e.g. LSD)

24

Neurotransmitters

Dopamine

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamine

GABA

Endorphins

Normal Function:Muscle Action, Learning &

Memory

Problems with Imbalance:Certain muscular disorders,

Alzheimer’s disease

Substances that Affect:Curare

(Antagonist: Blocks NT)

25

Neurotransmitters

Dopamine

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamine

GABA

Endorphins

Normal Function:Most prevalent inhibitory

neurotransmitter in neurons of CNS

Problems with Imbalance:Lack of leads to Seizures &

Tremors

Substances that Affect:Tranquilizers (e.g. Valium,

Librium), alcohol

26

Neurotransmitters

Dopamine

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamine

GABA

Endorphins

Normal Function:Primary excitatory

neurotransmitter in CNS; involved in learning and

memory

Problems with Imbalance:Too much overstimulates

brain: Migranes & Seizures

Substances that Affect:PCP (“angel dust”), MSG

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Neurotransmitters

Dopamine

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamine

GABA

Endorphins

Normal Function:Pleasure (Addiction) and

control of pain

Problems with Imbalance:Lack of leads to heightened

sensation of pain Substances that Affect:

Opiates: opium, heroin, morphine, methadone

(Agonists: Mimic)

http://www.thirteen.org/closetohome/animation/coca-anim.html