age of sustainable development
DESCRIPTION
This presentation is based on Dr. Jeffrey Sach's online course "The Age of Sustainable Development". Effectively consider this a white paper on "Introduction to Sustainable Development". For the higher-quality version, check out: http://decklaration.com/susdevTRANSCRIPT
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Salahuddin Khawaja
The Age of Sustainable Development
Based on Dr. Jeff Sach’s MOOC
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Intro to Sustainable Development
I
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To understand Sustainable Development, we need to look at the population and how it is growing
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* Darker shades reflect denser population
7Current
World Population:
Billion
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Has increased fold
7
7(since the beginning of the industrial revolution)
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7
And is growing!!
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So with that context, what exactly is Sustainable Development?
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`
Sustainable development is 2 ideas:
Set sustainable goals How we make the world prosperous, fair and sustainable?
Way to understand this world How economic,
social, environment and political factors fit
together
21
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Sustainable development is 2 ideas:
Set sustainable goals How we make the world prosperous, fair and sustainable?
Way to understand this world How economic,
social, environment and political factors fit
together
21
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We live in an interconnected world
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Our approach to how we live connects us
to the physical
world
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We are the changing our world in unprecedented ways
Species Extinction
Air Quality
Climate ChangeOcean
Chemistry
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Extraordinary times calls for extraordinary measures.
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Solutions will be complex.
So embracing complexity is the only option.
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Using technology in the right way will part of the solution
Train powered by renewable energy
Train powered by fossil fuel
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How do we understand the complicated challenges we face?
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`Economic Social
PoliticalEnvironment
4 dimensions to the puzzle of understanding our world
*“Way to understand this world” is an analytical approach, looking holistically at society
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`Wealth
Social Inclusion
Well Governed
Environmental
Sustainability
4 dimensions to looking at how to set
sensible goals
*“Set sustainable goals” is also considered a Normative/ethical approach
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Putting it together –Fundamental question
?
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How can we use our knowledge of the interconnections of the economy, society, environment and governance . . .
?
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?. . . and think through this crowded 21st century, massive poverty and inequality and environmental stress . . .
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?. . . to achieve the goal of a wealth society, that is socially inclusive, environmentally sustainable and well governed?
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Economic Growth and Progress
II
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Economic well being and prosperity is one crucial aspect of Sustainable Development
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There have been great gains in economic well being
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There have been great gains in economic well being
The industrial revolution launched
decades of growth
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Population has grown alongside economic output
Since 1950 the population has almost tripled
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We crossed the 7B in 2011 and are on track to hit 8B by 2024 and 9B by 2040s
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The economic and population growth has come at a cost: impact to the planet
(this is a challenge for Sustainable Development)
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Alongside population and economic growth has come improved health
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Infant mortality has decreased to 72% since 1950
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Life expectancy has increased by 51%
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This shows that progress of all forms is achievable
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The key challenge is to
ensure that progress is
inclusive and environmentally sustainable, otherwise the gains we have made will be
fleeting.
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Continuing Poverty
III
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Many countries have escaped from economic hardship, but the prosperity has not been broad based
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1 Billion people live in extreme poverty
(face a daily struggle to survive)
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Income might be a core part of
poverty, but there are others:
Electricity Basic
EducationSanitation
Safe WaterHealth
ServicesFood
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`̀
Huge variation in income levels exist
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`̀
As well as infant mortality
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Poverty is mainly concentrated in two regions: Tropical Africa& South Asia
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Even in developed countries there are significant pockets of poverty as a result of the uneven distribution of income
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A favela (shantytown)
of 200,000 people in Rio, right
next to high end buildings
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Geography of wealth & poverty is complex (not only across regions but within
countries)
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Environmental Threats
IV
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We have become a threat to ourselves
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Economic production
has become so large
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Population has increased vastly
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World economic output: 8
5 Trillian
$
per year
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Physical earth is being overwhelmed
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Energy we are burning
Pollution from the chemicals used
Water we are using
Land we are used to feed the planet
By the:
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We are facing an unprecedented climate crises (droughts, floods, heat waves, forest fires, etc.)
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As the # of storms increases, so does the economic disruption
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This is the new normal. As such, scientists have given our age a new name:
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Anthropecene: the
human age of the planet
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The planet is changing fundamentally as a result of
human activity
Warming the atmosphere
Causing the oceans to be more acidic
Changing the Water cycle
Melting the Glaciers
Polluting the air
Extinction of other species
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The main driver for this is humanity’s massive use of fossil fuels
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`̀
As a result Carbon Dioxide concentration has increased
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This is what is causing massive disruption to the climate systems
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Other factors are at play:
Carbon Dioxide is making ocean more
acidic
Using large amounts of nitrogen based
fertilizersWay we are using water
Chopping Trees to make room for farm land
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Increase in
Population
=+
Planet systems are being
threatened
Economic Activity
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How? By trespassing planetary boundaries
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Profound risks in trespassing planetary boundaries
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Profound risks in trespassing planetary boundariesSustainable development
is the science of understanding these risks
and what we can do to stay within the safe
operating limits
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Balancing act: Honor the limits as we continue to improve our well-being
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PathsV
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We have two paths that we can take:
vs.Business as Usual
Path
Sustainable Development
Path
21
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Path 1: Business as Usual – entails staying the course
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Pros
Overall progress (economic growth, infant mortality decreasing)
Poverty has declined
Technology has advanced
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ConsPros
Not sustainable
Boundaries are being trespassed (climate disasters, etc.)
Overall progress (economic growth, infant mortality decreasing)
Poverty has declined
Technology has advanced
Growth is not inclusive
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There has to be a better way, where the growth is inclusive and environmentally sustainable
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Path 2: Sustainable Development
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By 2030 70% of the population will live in cities
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So, the path to sustainable development will be sustainable
cities
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Smarter Cities
Clean EnergySmart
Transport Smart
Architecture
Effective Water Use
Recycling Sharing
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Let’s take some examples
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Electric vehicles charged by electricity produced by clean energy
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Wind farms
used to produce
clean energy
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Agriculture improvements (e.g. rice that resists flooding)
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Urban farming
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The path of sustainable development will ensure that everyone (regardless of sex, age, religion, race) has access to food, education and health
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The essence of sustainable development is problem solving
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A focused, global effort is needed in a short period of time (decades, not centuries) …
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To move to a
sustainable developme
nt path
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URENIOGralo Occupy New Scientist Paulo
Barcellos Jr.
The Opte
Project
Miguel Contreras
Allianz Spider Web Azcolvin429 Alex Proimos
Mihael SimonicMichael
Movchin
eathead1962 Chris Lim IRRI Images Lars Karlsson
James
Cridland
Stethoscopes Eliezer Borges Alicia Nijdam Secl Frederic
Bisson
Boston globe
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