Growth of TradeGrowth of Trade

• Goods from OrientGoods from Orient– CinnamonCinnamon– PepperPepper– Cloves and spicesCloves and spices– PerfumesPerfumes– SilksSilks– Precious StonesPrecious Stones

• Became harder to get Became harder to get these goods from these goods from Asia-one reason was Asia-one reason was because the Mongol because the Mongol Empire collapsedEmpire collapsed

Technology’s ImpactTechnology’s Impact

• More More accurate mapsaccurate maps– Ocean currentsOcean currents– Lines of latitudeLines of latitude

• Astrolabe: measured : measured position of starsposition of stars

• CompassCompass

• CaravelCaravel: 3-masted : 3-masted shipship– Sailed fasterSailed faster– More cargo roomMore cargo room– Shallower watersShallower waters

Causes and Effects of Causes and Effects of European ExplorationEuropean Exploration

CausesCauses EffectsEffects

•Desire for new trade Desire for new trade routesroutes

•Growing power and Growing power and wealth in European wealth in European nationsnations

•Competition for Competition for tradetrade

•Missionaries’ desire Missionaries’ desire to convert others to to convert others to ChristianityChristianity

•Grown knowledge of Grown knowledge of other nationsother nations

•Europeans/Native Europeans/Native Americans clashAmericans clash

•Enslavement of Enslavement of AfricansAfricans

•Rivalry in the Rivalry in the Americas growsAmericas grows

Portuguese ExplorersPortuguese Explorers

• Searched for a Searched for a route to Asia route to Asia around Africaaround Africa– Henry the Henry the

Navigator (1420)Navigator (1420)– Bartholomeu Bartholomeu

Dias (1487)Dias (1487)– Vasco da Gama Vasco da Gama

(1497)(1497)•11stst to succeed to succeed

Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus• Planned to reach Asia by Planned to reach Asia by

sailing Westsailing West– Most people believed the Most people believed the

world to be roundworld to be round• Spain backs ColumbusSpain backs Columbus

– King Ferdinand and Queen King Ferdinand and Queen IsabellaIsabella

– 14921492• Ships: Pinta, Nina, Santa Ships: Pinta, Nina, Santa

MariaMaria• Underestimated distanceUnderestimated distance• Reached the West Indies Reached the West Indies

(Caribbean Islands) on Oct (Caribbean Islands) on Oct 12,149212,1492

• Later expeditions made clear Later expeditions made clear it was new land (Not Asia)it was new land (Not Asia)

• Claimed land for SpainClaimed land for Spain

Amerigo VespucciAmerigo Vespucci

• 1499 Explorer1499 Explorer

• Mapped South Mapped South America’s coastlineAmerica’s coastline

• Confirmed new Confirmed new continentcontinent

• Called America in Called America in honor of Amerigohonor of Amerigo

Ferdinand MagellanFerdinand Magellan

• 15191519

• Sailed around southern Sailed around southern tip of South Americatip of South America

• ““Strait of Magellan”Strait of Magellan”

• Reached AsiaReached Asia

• Killed in the Philippines, Killed in the Philippines, crew continuedcrew continued

• 11stst to to CircumnavigateCircumnavigate (sail around) the world(sail around) the world

John CabotJohn Cabot

• 14971497

• English ExplorerEnglish Explorer

• Search for Northern Search for Northern route to Asiaroute to Asia– ““The North West The North West

Passage”Passage”– Landed on present Landed on present

day New Foundlandday New Foundland

Henry HudsonHenry Hudson

• Hired by the Hired by the Netherlands, then Netherlands, then BritishBritish

• Search for North West Search for North West PassagePassage

• Sailed due west, Sailed due west, landed in Hudson Baylanded in Hudson Bay– Thought it was the Thought it was the

Pacific OceanPacific Ocean– Couldn’t find way outCouldn’t find way out– Crew set Hudson, his Crew set Hudson, his

son, and few sailors son, and few sailors adrift on a small boatadrift on a small boat• Never seen againNever seen again

The Commercial The Commercial RevolutionRevolution

• MercantilismMercantilism – country gains power by – country gains power by building up its supply of gold and silverbuilding up its supply of gold and silver

• ExportExport – sell goods to another country – sell goods to another country

• Import – buy goods from another countryImport – buy goods from another country

• ColonyColony – settlement of people living in a – settlement of people living in a new territory controlled by their home new territory controlled by their home countrycountry

Commercial Rev. con’tCommercial Rev. con’t

• CommerceCommerce- buying and selling of goods - buying and selling of goods in large amounts over long distancesin large amounts over long distances

• InvestInvest – entrepreneurs (buisnessperson) – entrepreneurs (buisnessperson) put money into a projectput money into a project

- goal was to make even more $ when - goal was to make even more $ when project was doneproject was done