1. Agricultural Biotechnology in India

2. Transgenics or GMOs are defined as those organisms with a gene or genetic construct of interest that has been introduced by molecular or recombinant DNA techniques 3. Transgenics

The power of this technique lies in its ability to move genes from one organism to crop plants to impart novel characteristics

It is possible to transfer genetic material from algae, bacteria, viruses or animals to plants or to move genes between sexually incompatible species

4. 5. Gene gun 6. Transformation by Gene gun 7. Application of GM technology

Improving yield

Nutritional improvement

Increasing shelf life of fruits and vegetables by delayed ripening

Conferring resistance to insects, pests and viruses

Tolerance to abiotic stresses (drought, salt, water-logging)

Herbicide tolerance

Edible vaccines

8. 9. Control Flavor Saver 10. 11. 12. GM crops :Global status (2005)

Developing countries : 11

Industrial countries : 10

Countries joining the GM club in 2005 (Iran,Portugal, France & Czech Republic )

No. of EU countries growing GM (2005) :3 to 5 ( Spain & Germany )

No. of farmers growing GM crops globally : 8.5 million

No. of Indian farmers growing GM crops : 1 million

First triple gene product (maize) released in US in 2005

13. Global area of Biotech crops in 2005 (Million hectares) Cotton 0.3(< 1%) Australia 10. Maize, Soybean 0.3(< 1%) Uruguay 9. Maize, Cotton, Soybean 0.5(1%) South Africa 8. Cotton 1.3(1%) India 7. Soybean 1.8(2%) Paraguay 6. Cotton 3.3(4%) China 5. Canola, Maize, Soybean 5.8(6%) Canada 4. Soybean 9.4(10%) Brazil 3. Soybean, Maize, Cotton 17.1(19%) Argentina 2. Soybean, Maize, Cotton, Canola, Squash, Papaya 49.8(55%) USA 1. Crops Area Country S. No. 14. Global area of Biotech crops in 2005 (Million hectares) Maize < 0.1 Czech Republic 21. Maize < 0.1 France 20. Maize < 0.1 Germany 19. Maize < 0.1 Portugal 18. Maize < 0.1 Honduras 17. Rice < 0.1 Iran 16. Cotton < 0.1 Colombia 15. Maize 0.1(< 1%) Spain 14. Maize 0.1(< 1%) Philippines 13. Soybean 0.1(< 1%) Romania 12. Soybean, Cotton 0.1(< 1%) Mexico 11. Crops Area Country S. No. 15. 16. 17. Dominant Biotech Crops, 2005 100% 90.0 Total 2 1.3 Herbicide tolerant cotton 8 4 3.4 Herbicide tolerant maize 7 4 3.6 Bt/herbicide tolerant cotton 6 5 4.6 Herbicide tolerant Canola 5 5 4.9 Bt cotton 4 7 6.5 Bt/herbicide tolerant maize 3 13 11.3 Bt maize 2 60 54.4 Herbicide tolerant soybean 1 %Biotech MHa Crop S.No. 18. 19. Global value of Biotech crop market 29321 Total 5248 2005 4663 2004 4152 2003 3656 2002 3235 2001 2734 2000 2703 1999 1973 1998 842 1997 115 1996 Value (Million $US) Year 20. VEGETABLES Tomato, Potato, Eggplant Lettuce, Celery, Cauliflower Cabbage, Sugarbeet, Carrot, Cucumbers, Sweetpotato, Cassava FRUITS Apple, Strawberry, Walnut, Muskmelon, Papaya, Grape Transgenic Crops for Food EDIBLE OILS Mustard Oilseed rape Canola Sunflower CEREALS Wheat, Rice Maize, Rye LEGUMES Soybean, Pigeon pea,Chick pea 21.

Ministry of Science and Technology

Department of Biotechnology

Department of Science And Technology

Department of Scientific and Industrial Research(Council for Scientific and Industrial Research)

Ministry of Agriculture

Department of Agricultural Research and Education

(Indian Council of Agricultural Research and Education)

Agencies of Public sector promoting Agricultural Biotechnology 22. Biotech Industry in India (2004-05) BioPharma corners three-fourth of Indian market ($811 million out of $1070 million) 36.55 100.00 100.00 1078.41 789.77 Total Industry Size 29.72 54.55 153.85 34.45 25.00 75.24 8.96 6.95 6.74 2.11 79.19 7.91 3.74 6.85 2.30 811.36 96.59 75.00 72.73 22.73 625.45 62.50 29.55 54.09 18.18 BioPharma BioServices BioAgri BioIndustrial Bioinformatics 2004-05 2003-04 2004-05 2003-04 Growth(%) Market Share (%) Revenues ($ million) Segment 23. Transgenic research in India (Public Sector)

AAU, Jorhat, Assam

Bose Institute, Kolkata

Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur

Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla

Central Tobacco Research Institute, Rajahmundry

Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad

Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack

Delhi University, South Campus, New Delhi

Directorate of Rice Research, Hyderabad

IARI, New Delhi

IARI sub-station, Shillong

24. Transgenic research in India (Public Sector)

International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi

International Crop Research Institute for Semi-arid Tropics, Hyderabad

Indian Institute of Horticulture Research, Bangalore

Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi

Madurai Kamraj University, Madurai

Narendra Dev University of Agriculture, Faizabad

National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow

Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore

TERI, New Delhi

University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore

25. Transgenic research in India (Pvt. Sector)

Ankur Seeds Limited, Nagpur

Hybrid Rice International, Gurgaon

Indo American Hybrid Seeds, Bangalore

M/s MAHYCO, Mumbai

Metahelix Life Sciences, Bangalore

MAHYCO Research Foundation, Hyderabad

Monsanto, Mumbai

M/s Proagro PGS (India) Ltd., Gurgaon

Syngenta India, Limited, Pune

Sungro Seeds Ltd, New Delhi

26.

Cereals Rice, Wheat, Maize

Grain legumes Chickpea, Mungbean,Black gram, Pigeonpea

Oilseeds Mustard, Ground nut

Vegetables Brinjal, Tomato, Potato,Chilli, Cabbage, Cauliflower

FruitsPapaya, Banana, Muskmelon

Medicinal plants Brahmi

Others Cotton, Coffee, Tobacco

Target crops for transgenic research in India 27. Target traits

Disease resistance

Improving the quantity of the protein

Increasing vitamin content

Stress tolerance

Herbicide resistance

Delayed ripening

Edible vaccine

28. Transgenic crops approved for field trials in 2005

Brinjal

Mahyco, Mumbai cry1Ac

Sungro Seeds Ltd, New Delhi cry1Ac

IARI, New Delhi cry1F

Cabbage

Sungro Seeds Ltd, New Delhi cry1Ac

Cauliflower

Sungro Seeds Ltd, New Delhi cry1Ac

Corn

Monsanto, Mumbai Cry1Ab

Metahelix Life Sciences, Bangalore Modified Mu-element(Turbo-Mu)

29. Transgenic crops approved for field trials in 2005

Cotton

Ajeet Seeds, Aurangabad cry1Ac, cryX

Ankur Seeds P.Ltd., Nagpur cry1Ac, cryX

M/s Bioseed Research India Pvt Ltd, Hyd cry1Ac, cryX

M/s Emergent Genetics India P. Ltd, Hyd cry1Ac, cryX

Ganga Kaveri Seeds Ltd, Hyderabad cry1Ac

Green Gold Seeds Ltd, Aurangabad GFM cry1Aa

JK Agri Genetics, Hyderabad cry1Ac

M/s Kaveri Seeds Co. P. Ltd, Sbadcry1Ac

Krishidhan Seeds, Jalna cry1Ac, cryX

Mahyco, Mumbai cryX

Metahelix Life Sciences, Bangalore cry1Ac

Nandi Seeds Pvt. Ltd Mehbubnagar cry1Ac

Namdhari Seeds Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore cry1Ac

30. Transgenic crops approved for field trials in 2005

Cotton

Nath Seeds, Aurangabad GFM cry1Aa

Nuziveedu Seeds, Hyderabad cry1Ac, cryX

Prabhat Agri Biotech Ltd. Hyderabad cry1Ac

Pravardhan Seeds Pvt. Ltd Hyderabad cry1Ac

Proagro Seeds Co. Ltd Hyderabad cry1Ac

Rasi Seeds Ltd., Attur cryX

Syngenta India Ltd., Pune Vip-3A

Tulsi Seeds, Guntur cry1Ac, cryX

UAS, Dharwad cry1Ac

Vibha Agrotech Ltd. Hyderabad cry1Ac

Vikkis Agrotech, Hyderabad cry1Ac

Vikram Seeds Ltd, Ahmedabad cry1Ac

Zuari Seeds Ltd. Bangalore GFM cry1Aa

31. Transgenic crops approved for field trials in 2005

Groundnut

ICRISAT, Hyderabad Coat protein of IPCV, Nucleo Capsid Proteinof PBNV

Mustard

UDSC, New Delhi barnase & barstar

Okra

Mahyco, Mumbai cry1Ac

Pigeonpea

ICRISAT,Hyderabad cry1Ac

IARI, New Delhi cry1Ac, cry1Aa + cry1B

Mahyco, Mumbai cry1Ac

Metahelix Life Sciences, BangaloreNHX gene

Tomato

IARI, New Delhianti-sense replicase geneof tomato leaf curlvirus

Mahyco, Mumbai cry1Ac

32. Bt cotton in India 13,00,000 2005 5,00,000 2004 100,000 2003 50,000 2002 Area under cultivation (ha) Year 33. Bt cotton producing states in India

State Area (M ha)

Maharashtra0.607

Andhra Pradesh 0.283

Gujarat 0.164

Madhya Pradesh0.148

Karnataka 0.040

Tamil Nadu 0.029

Northern states 0.064

Total 1.335

34. Bt cotton varieties approved for commercial cultivation in various zonesSource:MoEF North M/s Rasi Seeds Ltd RCH 317 Bt 10 North M/s Rasi Seeds Ltd RCH 134 Bt 9 South M/s Rasi Seeds Ltd RCH 368 Bt 8 South M/s Rasi Seeds Ltd RCH 20 Bt 7 CentralM/s Rasi Seeds Ltd RCH - 138 Bt 6 CentralM/s Rasi Seeds Ltd RCH 118 Bt 5 CentralM/s Rasi Seeds Ltd RCH 144 Bt4 Central & South M/s Rasi Seeds Ltd RCH 2 Bt 3 Central & South M/s Nuziveedu Seeds Ltd. NCS 145 Bunny 2 Central & SouthM/s Nuziveedu Seeds Ltd. NCS 207 Mallika 1 ZoneName of Company Name of Hybrid S. No 35. Bt cotton varieties approved for commercial cultivation in various zonesCentral zone : MP, Maharashtra & Gujarat * not renewed for AP South Zone : AP, Karnataka & Tamil Nadu North Zone : Punjab, Rajasthan & Haryana Central & South(renewed) M/s Mahyco MECH 184 Bt * 20 Central & South(renewed) M/s Mahyco MECH 162 Bt * 19 Central (renewed) M/s Mahyco MECH 12 Bt* 18 Central M/s Ankur Seeds Ltd Ankur 09 17 North M/s Ankur Seeds Ltd Ankur 2534 Bt 16 Central & North M/s Ankur Seeds Ltd Ankur 651 Bt 15 NorthM/s MahycoMRC 6304 Bt 14 Central & North M/s MahycoMRC 6301 Bt 13 SouthM/s Mahyco MRC 6918 Bt 12 South M/s MahycoMRC 6322 Bt 11 ZoneName of Company Name of Hybrid S. No 36. Bt cotton varieties approved for large-scale trials during Kharif 2005

Central Zone

VCH-111 Bt :M/s Vikki Agrotech Ltd

GK- 204 Bt and GK- 205 Bt :M/s Ganga Kaveri Seeds

PRCH-102 Bt :M/s. Paravardhan Seeds Pvt. Ltd

NPH-2171 :M/s Prabhat Agri Biotech Ltd

RCH 377 Bt and RCH 386 Bt :M/s Rasi Seeds Ltd

ACH-155-1 :M/s Ajeet Seeds

Tulasi 4 Bt & Tulasi 117 Bt :M/s Tulasi Seeds Pvt. Ltd

Brahma Bt :M/s Emergent Genetics India Pvt. Ltd

NCS 913 Bt :M/s. Nuziveedu Seed Ltd

37. Bt cotton varieties approved for large-scale trials during Kharif 2005

Central Zone

KDCHH -9810 Bt, KDCHH-621 BG - II, KDCHH-441 BG- II :M/s Krishidhan seeds Ltd

RCH 515 BGII :M/s Rasi Seeds Ltd

MRC- 7301 BG II, MRC-7326 BG II, MRC-7351 BG II, MRC-7341 BG II and MRC-7347 BG II :M/s Mahyco,

JK-Varun and JKCH 99 Bt :M/s J.K. Seeds

NCEH-2R Bt :M/s. Nath Seeds Ltd

02- 41 Vip :M/s Syngenta Seeds India Ltd

ACH 11-2 BG-II and ACH 155-2 BG II :M/s Ajeet Seeds Ltd.

VICH 5 and VICH 9 :M/s Vikram Seeds

38. Bt cotton varieties approved for large-scale trials during Kharif 2005

South Zone

GK-207 Bt and GK-209 Bt :M/s Ganga Kaveri Seeds

NPH-2270 Bt and NPH-2171 Bt :M/s Prabhat Agri Biotech Ltd

PRCH-102 Bt and PRCH-103 Bt :M/s Paravardhan Seeds Pvt. Ltd

KDCHH-9632 Bt and KDCHH-9810 Bt :M/s Krishidhan Seeds Ltd

RCHB-708 Bt, RCHB-111 Bt and RCHB-371 Bt :M/s Rasi Seeds Ltd

NCS-913 Bt :M/s Nuziveedu Seeds Ltd

Brahma Bt and Paras Laxmi :M/s Emergent Genetics India Pvt. Ltd

39. Bt varieties approved for large-scale trials during Kharif 2005

South Zone

MRC-7160 BG-II, MRC-7201 BG-II, MRC-7351 BG-II & MRC-7347 BG-II : M/s Mahyco

RCH-530 BG-II & RCH-533 BG-II : M/s Rasi Seeds Ltd

KDCHH-621 BG-II : M/s Krishidhan Seeds Ltd

J.K. Durga Bt & JKCH-99 Bt : M/s J.K. Seeds Ltd

NCEH-3R Bt : M/s Nath Seeds Ltd

Bunny Vip (02-41 Vip) & 02-42 Vip : M/s Syngenta Seeds Ltd

VICH 5 & VICH 9 : M/s Vikram Seeds

40. Bt varieties approved for large-scale trials during Kharif 2005

North Zone

VICH 9 :M/s Vikram Seeds

MRC 6025 BG-I, MRC 6029 BG-I :M/s Mahyco

RCH 314 Bt & RCH 308 Bt :M/s Rasi Seeds Ltd .

NCS 138 Bt and NCS 913 Bt :M/s Nuziveedu Seeds Ltd.

MRC 7017 BG-II and MRC 7031 BG-II :M/s Mahyco

JHCH 1947 Bt :M/s J.K Agri Seeds Ltd.

NECH 6 R Bt :M/s Nath Seeds Ltd.

02-58 vip-3 :M/s Syngenta Seeds India Ltd.

41. 42. 43. Golden Rice Daffodils Erwinia bacteria Genes Plasmids Agrobacteria Kernel Hull Embryo Provitamin A producing rice embryo 1 2 3 4 Locally important varieties 44. 45. 46. 47. -carotene rich Mustard oil 48. THANK YOU