after wwii the cold war 1945-1991. yalta conference feb 4-11, 1945 met off of black sea before end...
TRANSCRIPT
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After WWII
The Cold War
1945-1991
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Yalta Conference Feb 4-11, 1945
Met off of Black Sea before end of WWII to discuss outcome
U.S.A (FDR), Soviet Union (Stalin), & Britain (Churchill)
Soviets wanted buffer zone so don’t get invaded (Poland)
Want to weaken Germany (break into 4 parts)
U.S. & Britain don’t agree (start WWIII) but U.S. needs Soviet help with Japan so agree, but Soviets have to give new nations free elections
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Potsdam Conference
Potsdam, Germany Stalin, Atlee
(Churchill at start), Truman
July 17-Aug 2, 1945
Provisions: Poland Division Germany Reparations Others?
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What Provisions Were Not Followed?
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The United Nations
Formed with 51 countries that met in San Francisco to prevent conflict
Based in N.Y. today Five countries led-
U.S.A, Britain, France, U.S.S.R, China
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Fate of Great Britain
Had to pay back Lend Lease fall into depression
Oust Churchill (blame for depression)
P.M. Attlee Socialist Can’t afford to keep empire India independence 1947 Then Burma, Australia,
Canada Does not want atomic bomb
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And so it begins…
Marshall Plan: U.S. aid European countries economically so they don’t fall to communism after WWII
Truman Doctrine: 1947 Truman fears Soviets will not live up to their agreements at Potsdam Conference and begins policy of containment
NSC-68: signed in 1950 by Truman quadrupled the amount spent on defense and stated ~20% GDP go to defense
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Truman Policies
Truman Doctrine: economically help struggling countries
i.e. Greece & Turkey
So won’t fall to communism
Marshall Plan: Extends Truman Doctrine
Sec State Marshall
$13.4 billion
Mainly G.B., France, Italy
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Arab-Israeli Conflict
U.N. sectioned off to make two countries to create a Jewish homeland for refugees from Holocaust
First War 1947-1948 750,000 Palestinians
misplaced-still a controversy today
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Fate of Japan Occupied until 1952
(under the 1951 San Francisco Peace Treaty)
MacArthur in charge Democracy Hirohito emperor if
cooperates Tojo executed by
hanging 1948 Scapegoated?
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Fate of U.S.
We become world power We have atomic bomb 1952 get Hydrogen bomb Capitalist Truman President until
1953 Dwight Eisenhower “Ike”
President 1953-1961
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Fate of Soviet Union
Stalin dies 1953 Khrushchev becomes
leader Communist Mad we did not tell them we
had atomic bomb & feels they had to fight the eastern front without help (most causalities)
Does not keep promise from Yalta for free elections
Get atomic bomb 1949 Get Hydrogen bomb 1953
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Welcome to the
Cold War!!!!
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Nuremberg Trials
Nuremberg, Bavaria 1945-1946 Originally major war
crimes (23 people) Second was judges
and doctors
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Fate of Germany
Sectioned into 4 parts East Germany went to
U.S.S.R West to France, GB,
U.S.A (We eventually combine to make West Germany)
Split capital of Berlin in Soviet zone as well
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Berlin Airlift
First conflict of Cold War Soviets block supplies from coming into Berlin so they would gain complete control
June 1948-May1949 US & Britain airlift ~ 13,000
tons of supplies Afterward became East
Germany & West Germany
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Berlin Wall 1961
Built in 1961 under J.F.K
Separated East from West Berlin
Fell in Nov. 1989 Symbol of the Cold
War & Fall marks the beginning of the end of the Cold War
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Berlin Wall
In 1960’s Fall in 1989
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Red Scare -Senator Joe McCarthy
Vows to rid of spread of communism because he “has a list of names” to get elected
HUAC-House Un-American Activities Committee-investigated suspected communist
Hollywood Ten-accused actors and actresses of spreading communism
McCarthyism Impact: started a widespread
fear of communism
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Julius & Ethel Rosenberg
Accused of selling bomb secrets to Soviets
Tried & executed 1953 Ethel re-executed Targeted because they
were Russian immigrants (shows shift in discrimination)
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NATO-North Atlantic Treaty Organization
United States Canada United Kingdom France Italy Netherlands Norway Iceland Denmark Belgium Luxemburg Portugal
An agreement against an attack from the Soviet Union
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Warsaw Pact
Soviet Union Albania Czechoslovakia Hungary East Germany Poland Romania Bulgaria
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The Iron Curtain
Churchill states “An iron curtain has descended upon the Continent”
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The Eastern Bloc
Satellite Nation: appears to be an independent nation but really is ruled by another.
Soviets had areas around them as satellite nations during the Cold War.
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Yugoslavia
Leader Josip Tito Split from Stalin 1948 Was an Ally in WWII so
independent Communist but not part
of Stalin’s satellite nations
Yugoslavia divided in 1992 after ethnic wars
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Communist China
China became communist in 1949
Mao Zedong (1949-1976) controversial leader
China is in transition today
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The Space Race
In 1957 Soviets launch Sputnik
First earth orbiting artificial satellite
Starts Space Race in Cold War
Changes U.S. school curriculum
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It’s a Cold War with Hot Zones…
Conflicts will break out in:-Korea-Vietnam-Latin America-The Middle East Why?-Containment: US policy to stop
the spread of Communism-Domino Theory: fear that if one
country falls to communism their neighbor will too
Communism
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99 Red balloons-1984