after nano resin

8/8/2019 After Nano Resin

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Nanotechnology and

Nanotools

Courtesy of Lauren Willis



Motivation

Nanoscale materials and devices are

becoming more and more important and

are showing up in more and moreproducts we use everyday



What is Nano?

A nanometer is one billionth of ameter

Nano usually describes things that areone to 999 nanometers

At the nanoscale, many physicalproperties such as melting point,optical interactions, etc. heavilydepend on size

Smaller and smaller transistors are

need to keepM

oore¶s Law going:right now, Intel¶s smallest transistor is33 nm

Nanoscale things cannot be finelyobserved with optical light

www.discovernano.northwestern.edu/whatis/index_html/howsmall_html



How Big is a Billion?

It will take 31 years to count to a billion

A gigabyte of memory is roughly a billion

bytes, which is equal to ~250 songs One billion pennies would fill five school

buses

www.kokogiak.com/megapenny/nine.asp



Macroscale

1 m

10-1

m

10-2 m

10-3

m

10-4 m

10-5

m 10-7

m 10-9

m

10-6 m 10-8 m 10-10 m

Macro Micro Nano

Head of a pin2 mm

Dime1.79 cm

Kindle20.32 cm

People0.73 2.41 m



Microscale

Red blood cells

6 - 8 m

Pollen grains6 - 100 m

1 m

10-1

m

10-2 m

10-3

m

10-4 m

10-5

m 10-7

m 10-9

m

10-6 m 10-8 m 10-10 m

Macro Micro Nano

Human hair 40 - 120 m

Copy paper

thickness100 m



Nanoscale

DNA (width)2.2 ± 2.6 nm

H H

O

Water molecule0.278 nm

1 m

10-1

m

10-2 m

10-3

m

10-4 m

10-5

m 10-7

m 10-9

m

10-6 m 10-8 m 10-10 m

Macro Micro Nano

HIV virus100 nm

Distance between

rows (track pitch) on

a Blu-ray disk320 nm



Nano-tools

Nano-particles cannot

be seen with an optical

microscope becausethey use visible light,

and nanosized particles

fall outside of the visible

range.



Atomic Force Microscopy

A sharp tip

scans across a

surface, and the

height is read by

bouncing a laser

off the tip holder

(cantilever)

home.iitk.ac.in/~vajpaisk/



Atomic Force Microscopy

www.xintek.com/products/afm/index.htm

AFM tip

www.unl.edu/ncmn/spm/publications.shtml

DNA 3 nm

1.5 nm

0 nm

10 m

AFM tip



Detector

-e-e

Scanning Electron Microscope

The electron

beam is

scanned over

the sample

Electrons are

bounced off a

sample and readby detectors

around the

sample Mirror (Sample)

-e-e -e-e



Scanning Electron Microscope

Resolution is on the

order of 10

nanometers

White means that thesample has reflected

the electrons (like a

mirror)

commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SEM _image_of_a_Peacock_wing,_slant_view_2.JPG

Scales on a peacock feather



Transmission Electron Microscope

Electrons are

shot at a

sample and

read by a

detector

below the

sample

Detector

-e-e-e

-e

-e-e



Transmission Electron Microscope

Sub-nanometer

resolution

Metals/thick samples

appear black, thinsamples appear white

www.mardre.com/homepage/mic/tem/samples/bio/virus/tmv1.htm

TobaccoMosaic Virus

100 nm



Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Resolution is 0.1 nm in the x and y plane

and 0.01 nm in the z direction

www.almaden.ibm.com/vis/stm/corral.html

STM tip

Iron atoms on copper

www.physics.purdue.edu/nanophys/uhvstm/tip.html

20 nm

STM tip



AFM vs. STM

AFM STM

SPMage Prize http://www.icmm.csic.es/spmage/Mr Corsin BATTAGLIA. Université de Neuchâtel (Switzerland)

www.chem.uga.edu/mlay/nanogallery.htm

3 nm

after nano resin

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