After Mussolini's fascist takeover of Italy, another army veteran and leader of an extremist party

tries to forcibly take power. Adolf Hitler stages a small-scale coup in Munich, which fails, and is

imprisoned.

Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany

The Weimar Republic's Rise and Fall

As the Great War was ending Germany's government fell to choas

Threat of socialist revolution Kaiser abdicates Moderate leaders sign armistice and Treaty of

Versailles 1919

Weimar Republic Parliamentary system ran by chancellor Bill of Rights

Political Struggles

Weak republic Several small parties Hatred of Treaty of Versailles Communists

Demanded radical change Conservatives

Attacked gov't as too liberal and weak Scapegoats become mostly German Jews

Runaway Inflation

1923 Reparations payments stop Ruhr Valley becames occupied by the French Passive Resistance Inflation 100 marks in July 1922 = 944,000 marks in

August 1923 Savings wiped out

Recovery and Collapse

1924 Dawes Plan France leaves the Ruhr Valley American loans Great Depression Adolf Hitler

The Nazi Party's Rise to Power

Adolf Hitler was born in Austria 1889 Traveled to Vienna at 18

Developed anit-Semitism Fought in German Army 1919 – joined a group of right-wing extremists By 1920 was the leader of the National Socialist

German Workers of Nazi Party

Hitler's Manifesto

Mein Kampf( “My Struggle”) Aryan Race Extreme Nationalism Blamed Germany's defeat on Marxists, Jews,

corrupt politicians, and buisness leaders Anti-Semitism Germany to expand, Lebensraum( living

space)

Hitler Comes to Power

Only in jail for a year Great Depression “Table-thumping” Speeches Appealed to Veterans, workers, the lower

middle class, small-town Germans, business people

Promised to end reparations, create jobs, re-arm Germany

Hitler Comes to Power

Nazi's and Communist won seats in the Reichstag

Conservatives turn to Hitler 1933 – Hitler becomes Chancellor through legal

means Wins with Conservative support

Hitler Comes to Power

Germany becomes a dictatorship within a year Suspends civil rights Destroyes socialist and communists One party state Purges own party Demands unquestioning obedience

Learning Check

What is the name of the new republic formed after World War I?

How did the United States try to help Germany pay back the war reparations?

Who becomes chancellor in 1933?

The Third Reich Controls Germany

Appealed to past glories 1st Reich – medieval Holy Roman Empire 2nd Reich – Bismarck in 1872 3rd Reich – German Master Race would rule

Europe for a thousand years Launches large public work programs Rearm Germany Unite Germany and Austris

Germany becomes a Totalitarian State

Controlled all aspects of life The SS, an elite black-uniformed troop,

enforced his rule Gestapo ruted out oppositon Cheered Nazi “storm troopers”

The Campaign Against the Jews Begin

1935 – Nuremberg Laws Took away German Citizenship Severe Restrictions

Prohibited marriage between Jews and non-Jews

Attending or Teaching at German schools Holding Gov't jobs Practicing law or medicine Publishing books

Night of Broken Glass

November 7, 1938 A young Jew, whose parents were mistreated

in Germany, shot a Germany diplomat in Paris November 9 &10

Kristallnacht Mobs Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia “Final Solution”

Nazi Youth

Destroy without mercy Pledged absolute loyalty to Germany Physical fitness programs to prepare for war School courses and textbooks were re-written

to reflect racial views

Women under Nazi Rule

Like Italy Dismissed from upper-level jobs Turned away from universities Rewards for having children is a “pure-

blooded Aryan” woman Applied mostly to the elite, women were needed

to work in factories

Purging German Culture

Denounced modern art Condemed Jazz Glorified old German myths

Richard Wagner Hitler saw Christianity as weak and flabby

Combinded all Protestants sects into one Closed Catholic Schools, muzzled clergy Some spoke out against Hitler

Authoritarian Rule in Eastern Europe

In 1919 a dozen countries were cared out of Russia, Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman, and German empires

Small countries Rural agriculture Social and economic inequalities Hit hard by Great Depression

Ethnic Conflict

Old rivalries between ethnic and religious groups

Czechoslovakia Czechs and Slavs

Yugoslavia Serbs ruled, Slovenes and Croats wanted

independence

Democracy Retreats

Economic problems + ethnic tensions = instability Hungary

1919 – Nicholas Horthy overthrew Communist Gov't

Poland

1926 – Joseph Pilsudski Expect Czechoslovakia and Finland Promised order Turned to anti-semitism

Learning Check

1. What was the name for the code of laws that placed servere restrictions on the Jewish population in Germany?

What was Kristallnacht? What was the name for the pure German race

(blond hair, blue eyes)?