After JohannesburgAfter JohannesburgThe way to sustainable developmentThe way to sustainable development

Pekka HaavistoPekka Haavisto

GRID - ArendalGRID - Arendal

10 June 200210 June 2002

Johannesburg 2002Johannesburg 2002

• 26th August – 4th September 2002 in Johannesburg, South Africa

• WSSD = World Summit on Sustainable Development

• ”People, Planet and Prosperity”• Links between environment, poverty and

development• Review of the implementation of Rio

Milestones to JohannesburgMilestones to Johannesburg

• Stockholm 1972: Human Environment

• Our Common Future 1987

(Brundtland report)

• Rio 1992: Environment and Development (UNCED, ”Earth Summit”)

• Agenda 21: Plan of action

• Johannesburg 2002: Sustainable Development (WSSD)

Rio Earth Summit 1992Rio Earth Summit 1992

• Participation: 172 governments, 108 heads of states, 2,400 NGO representatives, 17,000 activists in the parallel NGO forum

• Results: Agenda 21, Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, Statement of Forest Principles, Convention on Climate Change, Convention on Biological Diversity

• New UN mechanisms: Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD)

Momentum?Momentum?

• Stockholm 1972: End of colonialism, Limits to Growth (Club of Rome)

• Rio 1992: End of cold war, new independent states, environment and development (Brundtland-report)

• Johannesburg 2002: War against terrorism, global deal

Key issues for JohannesburgKey issues for Johannesburg

• Poverty, development, environment• Financing for development (”Global deal”)• Global environmental governance (”World

environmental organisation WEO”)• Implementation of environmental

agreements (e.g. Kyoto protocol)• Multi-stakeholder process: private sector,

local level, NGO’s

Preparations for JohannesburgPreparations for Johannesburg

• UN reports

• Regional round tables, regional proposals

• NGO-forums

• Country progress reports (and shadow reports)

• Best practices

• Prep-coms: US New York March 2002, Indonesia Bali May 2002

An African conferenceAn African conference

• African renaissance

• Poverty and environment

• AIDS ans other deseases

• Water

• Desertification and land degradation

• Women and development

• Good governance, conditionality

Energy consumption 1995Energy consumption 1995

Resource flows to developing Resource flows to developing countries 1988-1996countries 1988-1996

Growing disparitiesGrowing disparitiesin incomes among regionsin incomes among regions

0

5 000

10 000

15 000

20 000

25 000

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990

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Africa Asia Latin AmericaW. Europe N. America

Top 15 recipients of FDITop 15 recipients of FDI

External debt of developing External debt of developing countries 1971-1997countries 1971-1997

Total net ODA 1950-1997Total net ODA 1950-1997

Monterrey: EU CommitmentsMonterrey: EU Commitments

• An average 0,39 % ODA target by 2006

• Minimum country level 0,33 % by 2006

• Additional 7 billion USD by 2006

• EU represents more than 50 % ODA worldwide

• 25,4 billion USD in 2000

Monterrey: US commitmentsMonterrey: US commitments

• ODA increasing by 5 billion USD in next three years

• 50 % increase of US ODA

• Accountability

• Conditionality: democracy, human rights, anti-corruption...

Global environmental governanceGlobal environmental governance

• More than 500 international treaties and agreements, 320 regional

• 41 core multilateral environmental agreements (MEA’s), separate secretariats

• Problems in compliance, enforcement and financing of the treaties

• Trade has been taking over environment

Countries reporting their Countries reporting their environmental performanceenvironmental performance

UN system incoherentUN system incoherent

• UNEP United Nations Environment Programme• CSD Committee on Sustainable Development• UNDP United Nations Development Programme• Other special agencies (WHO, FAO, UNICEF

etc.)• GEF Global Environment Facility• Environmental conventions• Need of coherence in UN & environment

Private sectorPrivate sector

• Role of multi-national companies

• Foreign direct investments (FDI) increasing

• Voluntary commitments

• Code of conducts

• Global Compact (UN)

Non-governmental Non-governmental organisationsorganisations

• Democratic rights

• Human rights

• Access to information

• Public participation

• Local agenda 21´s

• ”Global Århus”

• NGO representation in global processes

What is needed?What is needed?

• World Environment Organisation (WEO)

• Secured financing for global environmental governance

• World Sustainable Development Forum (renewed ECOSOC?)

• New mechanisms for public participation (global democracy)

• Reliable information on environment

Information for decision makingInformation for decision making

• Scientific uncertainties

• Precautionary principle

• Early warnings

• Difficulties to define sustainable development (”sustainable growth, sustainable economic development etc.”)

• Political fights (climate...)

Challenges for GRID-ArendalChallenges for GRID-Arendal

• Define your strenghts• Make a division of work with others (REC,

EEA, WCMC etc)• Criterias & statistics for sustainable

development and environment & development

• Climate & flexible mechanisms ”the only game in town”

• Creeping crisis, conflicts of the future

Thank youThank you