INLEIDING/INTRODUCTION

Hoofstuk/Chapter 2

Pre-historiese Kuns-Gr 10Prehistoric Art- Gr 10

Prehistoric Art• William V. Ganis, PhD

Prehistories verwys na ‘n tyd in die ontwikkeling van

die mens voor daar ‘n geskrewe taal was.

Prehistoric refers to a time in the development of

humans before there was a written language.

Dating Conventions and Abbreviations

B.C.=before Christ

B.C.E.=before the Common Era

A.D.=Anno Domini (the year of our Lord)

C.E.=Common Era

c. or ca.= circa C.=century

Pre-Historic Art in EuropeSUMMARY

Paleolithic Art - Nomadic Society.

Cave Paintings of Altamira and Lascaux.

Human & Animal Figurines (Venus of Willendorf).

Mesolithic Art – Settled Society.

A more stable, communal existence gradually supplanted the nomadic life of the

Paleolithc era.

Neolithic Art – Agrarian Society.

Introduction of Architecture.

Megaliths – Dolmens & Mehirs.

Cromlechs: Stonehenge.

The development of humans…

Steentydperk/ Stone age

Paleolitiese periode/Paleolithic period- 40 000-10 000 BC

•Die mens is ‘n swerwer wat jag en skuil in grotte/ Man is a nomad that hunts and finds shelter in

caves

• Graverings is op steen, been en ivoor. Hulle verf ook op hierdie voorwerpe./ Engraved and

painted on stone, bone and ivory.

• Eenvoudige gereedskap en primitiewe graverings./ Simple tools and primitive carvings.

• Hulle het diere velle as bedekking gedra.

Venus of Willendorf

from Willendorf, Austria

ca. 28,000-25,000 B.C.E.

Limestone, 4 1/4 in. high

Venus of Willendorf

Discuss:

•Out of what is the sculpture made?

•Where was it found?

•Why is it an important sculpture?

•Shape.

•Body.

•Face.

•Symbolic meaning.

Bespreek:

•Hoe is die beeldhouwerk gemaak?

•Waar was dit gevind?

•Hoekom is dit ‘n belangrike beeld?

•Vorm

•Lyf

•Gesig

•Simboliese betekenis

Various European “Venus” figures

What is the similarities between these “Venus” figures and

the Venus of Willendorf ?

Similarities

The head, thighs and torso are over emphasized in the oval shapes in the body. The

figures small under developed hands rests on its breasts with barely no neck and facial

features. The lines are organic. The tools used are crude and primitive. The tools were

used to cut away the stone. Could be an example of a fertility figure.

Lascaux Cave paintings- Hall of

Bulls

Lascaux, Dordogne, France

ca. 15,000-13,000 B.C.E.

pigment on stone

Great Hall of Bulls

Discuss:

•How was it made?

•Where was it found?

•Discuss common themes.

Bespreek:

•Hoe was dit gemaak?

•Waar was dit gevind?

•Bespreek die algemene temas.

Neolitiese periode/ Neolithic Period 3500- 1700 BC

•Dorpies het ontwikkel naby gekultiveerde velde./Villages developed with nearby cultivated fields.

•Die Neolitiese periode is spesifiek bekend vir sy argitektuur in die vorm van monumentele grafte

en altare wat gemaak is van groot stene wat as megaliete bekend staan./The Neolithic Period is

especially notable for its architecture in the form of monumental graves and altars made of large

stones known as megaliths.

Examples/Voorbeelde:➢Dolmen: consists of a large flat horizontal stone supported on upright

stones/ bestaan uit ‘n groot plat horisontale steen wat deur regop steneondersteun word.

➢ Menhir: a tall single stone/ ‘n lang, enkelsteen.

Neolithic Architecture: Stone henge

Stonehenge

Salisury Plain, Wiltshire, England

ca. 2,550-1,600 B.C.E.

sarsen and bluestone

Stonehenge:

•Stonehenge is a CROMLECH (circular stone construction).

•The construction of Stonehenge consists of four concentric circles of stone and a central altar.

•The outside ring consists of pairs of large monoliths with a stone lintel.

•The second ring consists of smaller Sarasin stones.

•The third ring is horse-shoe shaped and consisted of five pairs of monoliths with lintels.

•The fourth ring is also horse-shoe shaped and consists of smaller stones.

•In the middle a large horizontal rock is balanced like an altar.

•The construction displays order, symmetry and harmony .

•Stonehenge is a CROMLECH (sirkulêre steenkonstruksie).

•Die konstruksie bestaan uit vier konsentriese sirkels van steen en ‘n sentrale altar.

• Die buitenste ring bestaan uit pare groot monoliete met ‘n steenlatei

•Die tweede ring bestaan uit kleiner Sarasienstene.

•Die derde ring is in die vorm van ‘n perdeskoen en bestaan uit vyf pare monoliete met lateie.

•Die vierde ring is ook in die vorm van ‘n perdeskoen en bestaan uit kleiner stene.

•In die middel word ‘n groot horisontale rots soos ‘n altaar gebalanseer.

•Die konstuksie is ‘n uitdrukking van orde, simmetrie en harmonie.