African Sleeping SicknessTrypanosomiasis

A deadly disease spread by the tsetse fly.

Tsetse Fly• Found in Sub-Saharan Africa, and only

common to Africa.

• Found in vegetation by rivers and lakes, in gallery-forests and in vast stretches of wooded savannah. Mostly tropical areas.

• Many regions where tsetse flies are found, but the Sleeping Sickness is not.

• It can bite through clothing, and the bite is very painful.

• The fly becomes infected with the disease by biting animals or humans who are already infected with the disease.

• The fly is attracted to dust and bright and dark colors.

• When bitten, a red sore will be produced on the skin. The sore is known as a chancre.

• The tsetse fly becomes infected with this bacteria. (Trypanosoma Brucei)

SymptomsThe symptoms begin within 1 to 4 weeks.• Fever• Personality changes• Disturbance of sleep patterns• Troubles with walking and talking• Aching muscles and joints• Slurred speech• Seizures• Rashes• Swelling around the eyes and hands• Headaches• Fatigue• Prolonged sleep• Death shortly happens a few months after the invasion of the central nervous system.

World Wide Consequences

• Number one cause of mortality.• Biggest health risk in Africa. Famine is spreading because

farmers and cattle are dying from the disease.• Doctors from other countries are being sent over to Africa.• It costs the US $250.00 to treat one person over a one-

month period in hospital.• The treatment is a drain on the health services, and the

resources of families who stay in the hospital.

WWC (cont.)• Richer countries with better

medical care do not have problems with the sleeping sickness.

• Occurs in areas where health systems are weak or non-existent. Displacement of populations, war and poverty are important factors leading to increased transmission

• Inexpensive to treat cows infected with nagana.

Affected Countries• Congo, Angola,

and Sudan are the most infected countries with the sleeping sickness.

• Tanzania, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Chad, and Guinea are also infected with the disease.

• Tsetse fly bite

• Tsetse fly bite

• Patient diagnosed with Sleeping Sickness

• Patient far along in the stages of the disease

Male Child infected with sleeping sickness

Male child being treated to help cure sleeping sickness

"This morning, only a few hours ago, she was lively like the others," says the health worker. "All of a sudden, she had severe seizures and then slid into a coma. There is not much we can do for the moment, apart from trying to pull her through with a sugar solution. We'll have to wait and see."

350,000 people will die this year!!

Sleeping Sickness Facts• Affects 36 countries in sub-

Saharan Africa.

• Killed 48,000 people in 2002.

• A threat to 60 million people, only 7% have access to diagnosis and treatment.

• An estimated 300,000-500,000 people are currently infected, and this figure appears to be on the rise.

• If left untreated, the disease is 100% fatal, killing within a few weeks to a few years.

Tsetse Fly Trap• Tsetse fly traps are used

to kill the flies.• The trap looks enough

like a cow to trick the Tsetse fly

• Lured by the smell of cow's urine contained in the bottle, they fly towards the blue cloth on either side of the trap.

• Then the black cloth in the middle invites the flies to settle. They then fall into the trap and die

• This trap has lowered the amount of tsetse flies in Africa.

African farmers are getting together to make the traps.

Sources• http://www.wsws.org/news/1998/sep1998/slep-s05.shtml• http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/trypanosomiasis/factsht_ea_trypanosomiasis.htm#where• http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.earlham.edu/~harrico/where1.jpg&imgrefurl=• http://www.earlham.edu/~harrico/

Trypanosite2.htm&h=419&w=432&sz=61&hl=en&start=10&sig2=IcLlS1C7uZw_GwDCRqmiYg&um=1&tbnid=3jCmpvmVWPrY-M:&tbnh=122&tbnw=126&ei=h8nER42zGYmGxAG759WLAw&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dafrican%2Bcountries%2Baffected%2Bwith%2Bsleeping%2Bsickness%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den

• http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.stanford.edu/class/humbio103/ParaSites2001/trypanosomiasis/trypanpo_files/image004.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.stanford.edu/class/humbio103/ParaSites2001/trypanosomiasis/trypano.htm&h=322&w=220&sz=16&hl=en&start=15&sig2=axa0W4vsKHiYpm-sCRGytQ&um=1&tbnid=t66ppjP0COokFM:&tbnh=118&tbnw=81&ei=KsrER5WiIYXiwgGa982LAw&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dafrican%2Bcountries%2Baffected%2Bwith%2Bsleeping%2Bsickness%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den

• http://www.freewebs.com/captblackkat/tsetse%20bite.jpg• http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/lecture/sleep_patient.jpg• http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/lecture/sleep_patient.jpg&imgrefurl=http://

pathmicro.med.sc.edu/lecture/trypanosomiasis.htm&h=468&w=312&sz=124&hl=en&start=3&tbnid=TV8kyWwxHvQaUM:&tbnh=128&tbnw=85&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsleeping%2Bsickness%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

• http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.medicalecology.org/diseases/african_trypano/clip_image001_0000.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.medicalecology.org/diseases/d_african_trypano.htm&h=270&w=400&sz=22&hl=en&start=10&tbnid=eESc19QXv-iObM:&tbnh=84&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsleeping%2Bsickness%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

• http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://cache.viewimages.com/xc/3334271.jpg%3Fv%3D1%26c%3DViewImages%26k%3D2%26d%3D4DAA13B573E1BD2FA0CA0A3ACA6DDDA8A55A1E4F32AD3138&imgrefurl=http://www.viewimages.com/Search.aspx%3Fmid%3D3334271%26epmid%3D1%26partner%3DGoogle&h=588&w=594&sz=48&hl=en&start=14&tbnid=PAw7Eu4q4LEIlM:&tbnh=134&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsleeping%2Bsickness%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

• http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.research4development.info/images/articles/Dsc00279.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.research4development.info/caseStudies.asp%3FArticleID%3D50095&h=922&w=1229&sz=363&hl=en&start=18&tbnid=TycV9tGAS9DBgM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsleeping%2Bsickness%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

• http://www.iaea.org/NewsCenter/Features/Tsetse/images/tsetse_map500x448.jpg

• http://www.practicalaction.org/?id=tsetse_christmas• http://www.uk2.msf.org/UKNews/Letters/Dr%20Balasegaram,%20Manica.htm• http://www.celestialhumanes.org/FoodandAgriculture.asp• http://www.tve.org/mp7/details.cfm?l=e&fid=1845

• http://www.andrepicard.com/sleepingsickness.html

Quiz Questions1.The sleeping sickness is spread by the…

a. Mosquito b. tarantula

c. Tsetse fly d. black fly

2.The sickness is mostly spread in what area?

a. Dry b. tropical

c. Wooded d. moist

3. If left untreated the sickness can be…

a. Fatal b. cured

c. Destroyed d. killed

4.Occurs in areas where health systems are ________ or _________.

5. When bitten, the sore is known as a ________.

Quiz Answers1. C

2. B

3. A

4. Weak/Nonexistent

5. Chancre