africa unit. african landforms plateau a huge plateau covers most of africa, as a result it is known...
TRANSCRIPT
Africa Unit
African Landforms
PlateauA huge plateau covers most of Africa, as a result it is known as the “Plateau
Continent”
BLUE NILE IN THE ETHIOPEA PLATEAU
Africa also has many Basins, also called depressions.
CONGO BASIN
Africa's Major Rivers
Nile RiverLongest river in the World
North Africa
Niger RiverMajor river in West Africa
The Niger River flows through the ancient city of Timbuktu.
Congo RiverMajor river of Central Africa
Congo River flows through the rainforest of Central Africa.
Zambezi River & Victoria Falls Southern Africa
Worlds most dangerous river
The Great Rift Valley The Eastern part of Africa is pulling away from the rest of Africa. The rift
valley stretches over 4,000 miles long.
Views of the Great Rift Valley
Lake VictoriaAfrica’s largest lake
2nd largest freshwater lake in the world
Lake Chad
SHRINKING LAKE CHAD WILL BE 'PUDDLE'LAKE CHAD, once the fourth-largest body of water in Africa, has shrunk by almost 95 per cent over the past 38 years, according to research sponsored
by the US space agency Nasa. Worse, climate change and increasing demands for water have drained the lake to such an extent that it will shortly
be nothing more than a “puddle”.
Africa contains mainly volcanic mountains like Mt. Kilimanjaro (Africa’s
highest peak)
Due to global warming, the mountains glaciers on the top are slowly melting.
(There will be no more ice on the top in less than 10 years)
The Atlas mountains in Northwest Africa are the continents longest
mountain chain
The Great Escarpment of Southern Africa
An escarpment is a steep slope with a nearly flat plateau on top.
SaharaLargest Desert in the world dominates Northern Africa
Sahel AreaIs the shore of the Sahara desert
The process in which arable land turns into desert is called
(Desertification)
KalahariLarge desert in Southern Africa
Bushman tribes of the Kalahari
90 % of Africa lies within the Tropic of Cancer & Capricorn
Tropical grasslands cover most of the continent of Africa
A famous tropical grassy plain in Africa is the Serengeti, home to many
National Wildlife Parks
Most of the rain forest of Africa lie along the equator
• The great tropical rainforests of Africa are some of the most species-rich natural habitats in the world. Powered by sunlight, heat, and abundant rainfall, these ancient, complex ecosystems teem with life, providing homes to a unique assemblage of plants, animals, and fungi, most of which are found nowhere else on earth.
Northern Africa Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya,
Egypt & Sudan
Northern African countries are mostly Arabic people they follow
the Islamic ReligionPray 5
times a day
Believe in one god and Mohamed was
his last prophet
Fast during Ramadan
Make a pilgrimage to
Mecca
Pay alms to the needy
The economies of N. Africa is dominated by Oil
Major Citiesof Northern Africa
Cairo Egypt
Alexandria Egypt Originally founded by Alexsander the Great
Casablanca Morocco
West AfricaNigeria, Mali, Chad, Liberia, Senegal, Ghana, Sierra Leone
Bantu Migration
The Bantu originated in the north western area that they now occupy. Their migration throughout Africa is one of the largest migrations in human history. This migration began in about 1000 BC and continued until the 3rd or 4th century AD.
Slave Trade
Started in the 15th century and lasted until 1870. European powers used the slaves to fill their need for labors. Most slaves were from West & Central Africa.
Liberia was developed by former slaves from America. The capital
Monrovia was named after President James Monroe.
Nigeria is Africa’s most populated country
Central AfricaCameroon/Central African Republic /Democratic
Republic of Congo/Gabon
Colonialsim
• In the 19th and 20th centuries the Belgians and French colonized central Africa.
Effects from colonialism in Africa• European colonial powers established political
boundaries in the region that —– strengthened European rule in the region– set African groups against one another– split apart similar language and ethnic groups
It is believed that much of Africa’s political violence and ethnic conflicts during the 20th
century were caused by European
colonization
Southern Africa
Angola/ Zambia/ Malawi/ Zimbabwe/ Namibia/ South Africa/ Mozambique/ Madagascar/ Lesotho/
Swaziland
Gold Trading Spans Great Zimbabwe
From the 1200s to the 1400s Great Zimbabwe became the capitol of a thriving
gold-trading area.
Eastern AfricaKenya, Tanzania, Somalia, Ethiopia,
Uganda, Rwanda, Djibouti
Olduvai GorgeLocated in Tanzania, it’s a place where
archaeologist have discovered many fossils of Homo Habilis (early humans)
Berlin Conference 1884, European Powers divided up Africa & spit
many ethnic groups apart.
East Africa countries rely on cash crops such as tea, coffee & sugar.
Growing cash crops decreases the amount of farmland used, so East
Africa has had large scale famine for many years.
MasaiMajor ethnic group who live in Kenya &
Tanzania