africa - session 6 south africa - part 2 - animals & geology

AFRICA - Session 6AFRICA - Session 6

South Africa South Africa - Part 2 -- Part 2 -

Animals & Geology Animals & Geology

SOUTH AFRICASOUTH AFRICA

SOUTH AFRICA SOUTH AFRICA Q&AWhat does a diamond in the rough look like?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rough_diamond.jpg

SOUTH AFRICA SOUTH AFRICA Q&A

SOUTH AFRICA SOUTH AFRICA Q&AWhere was Leakey’s prehistoric, fossil ape

skull discovered? (Australopithecus boisei, 1.75 mya)

Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania(Eastern Serengeti Plains at the edge of the Great Rift Valley)

Question from last week . Question from last week . . .. .

mid 1800’smid 1800’s Indians/AsiansIndians/Asians

Why did Indians come

to South Africa in 1800’s?

sugar growing areas

large Indian population today

.....brought over by the British as

indentured laborers in sugar

plantations, railroads, mines, shipping docks, & domestic service

Pietermaritzburg

Durban

Question from last week . Question from last week . . .. .

Is Crater of Diamonds State

Park in Arkansas a kimberlite

pipe?..... it’s called a ‘lamproite’ pipe but geologically it’s very similar to a kimberlite

pipe.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/VolcanicPipe.jpg

Question from last week . Question from last week . . .. .How hot does it get in the

South African gold mines?

... at depths of 12,000’, the

temperature of the rocks can

be 140 degrees!

Question from last week . Question from last week . . .. .What about the mining of lithium in S.

A.? SOME USES: - nuclear weapons- medical uses- telecommunication products- batteries (hybrid & electric vehicles)

Lithium pellets (covered in white lithium hydroxide)

South Africa mines the mineral

Spodumene, which contains the

element lithium.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LithiumPelletsUSGOV.jpg

AFRICA - Session 6AFRICA - Session 6

on with…..on with…..

South Africa South Africa - Part 2 -- Part 2 -

Animals & Geology Animals & Geology


GeologyGeology

EcologyEcologyOur TravelsOur Travels

Course Course SummarySummary

SOUTH AFRICASOUTH AFRICA Geology

4 Geographical 4 Geographical ProvincesProvinces

SOUTH AFRICASOUTH AFRICA Geology

MYA- 3800 to 2500 - 67 – present- 200 – 145- 250 – 67

– 540 – 250– 540 – Present – 2 – Present


GeologyGeology

Our TravelsOur Travels


EcologyEcology

SOUTH AFRICASOUTH AFRICA28 National Parks (3%)

192 Game/Nature Reserves

15 Wilderness Areas

19 Conservancies/ Game Farms/Forests

6% of Nation!6% of Nation!

Ecology

SOUTH AFRICASOUTH AFRICA Ecology

KrugerKrugerNationalNationalParkPark

SOUTH AFRICASOUTH AFRICAEcozone Map Ecozone Map

by Jacana Mediaby Jacana Media Changed the way I look at National Changed the way I look at National

Parks/ReservesParks/Reserves

This Map divides the park into This Map divides the park into ecological zonesecological zones

Ecozones are usually a function of the Ecozones are usually a function of the geologygeology of the area of the area

Each ecological zone has it’s own Each ecological zone has it’s own plantsplants that grows best in that zone that grows best in that zone

Each type of Each type of plantplant attracts a different attracts a different type of type of animalanimal

Want to see elephants, understand Want to see elephants, understand what they eat, see where that growswhat they eat, see where that grows

Ecology


So, let’s look at the

So, let’s look at the geology of the NPgeology of the NP


GranitesGranites

BasaltsBasalts

RhyolitesRhyolites

SOUTH AFRICASOUTH AFRICA EcologyGranite = Woodland

SOUTH AFRICASOUTH AFRICA EcologyBasalt = Scrub

SOUTH AFRICASOUTH AFRICA EcologyRhyolite = Mountain

SOUTH AFRICASOUTH AFRICAEcology ConclusionEcology Conclusion

Geology creates the terrain that will Geology creates the terrain that will grow certain plantsgrow certain plants

Those plants will be the preferred food of Those plants will be the preferred food of certain species of animalscertain species of animals

Therefore, those animals at that specific Therefore, those animals at that specific location are there location are there because of geologybecause of geology!!!!

Ecology

Geology Rocks!

Geology Rocks!

SOUTH AFRICASOUTH AFRICAA QUICK KRUGER OVERVIEWA QUICK KRUGER OVERVIEW

7,500 sq. miles; 220 miles long x 35 mi (avg) wide7,500 sq. miles; 220 miles long x 35 mi (avg) wide 54% of S.A. National Parks Acreage54% of S.A. National Parks Acreage Animal Population:Animal Population:

Ecology

Species Count Species Count Buffalo, African 27,000 Impalas 90,000 Bushbucks 500 Kudus, Greater 5,798 Cheetahs 200 Leopards 1,000 Dogs, African Hunting 350 Lions 1,500 Eland, Common 300 Rhinoceros, Black 350 Elephants 11,672 Rhinoceros, White 7000 to 12000 Giraffes 5,114 Waterbuck 5,000 Hippopotamus 3,000 Wildebeest, Blue 9,612 Hyenas, Spotted 2,000 Zebras, Burchell's 17,797

Species Count Species Count Impalas 90,000 Hippopotamus 3,000 Buffalo, African 27,000 Hyenas, Spotted 2,000 Zebras, Burchell's 17,797 Lions 1,500 Elephants 11,672 Leopards 1,000 Wildebeest, Blue 9,612 Bushbucks 500 Rhinoceros, White 7000 to 12000 Rhinoceros, Black 350 Kudus, Greater 5,798 Dogs, African Hunting 350 Giraffes 5,114 Eland, Common 300 Waterbuck 5,000 Cheetahs 200


GeologyGeology

EcologyEcology


Our TravelsOur Travels


Cape Town

Cedarberg Wilderness


1 month in Namibia

Johannesburg

mine, archeology

Addo Elephant Park

Addo Elephant Park

Drakensberg Nat’l Park


St. Lucia St. Lucia Wetlands

Wetlands

SwaziLandSwaziLand

Tsitsikamma

Tsitsikamma Na’tl parKNa’tl parKGarden Route

Augrabies Falls

Augrabies Falls Nat’l Park

Nat’l Park

Blyde River

Blyde RiverCanyonCanyon

our travel routeour travel routelast week . . . .last week . . . .this week . . .this week . . .Kruger Nat’l Park

Kruger Nat’l Park

nuclear power plant

West Coast Nat’l Pk


Travels

Kimberley diamond mine

KnysnaKnysna


Cape Town



1 month in Namibia

Johannesburg

mine, archeology

Addo Elephant Park

Addo Elephant Park



St. Lucia St. Lucia Wetlands

Wetlands

SwaziLandSwaziLand

Tsitsikamma

Tsitsikamma Na’tl parKNa’tl parKGarden Route

Augrabies Falls

Augrabies Falls Nat’l Park

Nat’l Park

Blyde River

Blyde RiverCanyonCanyon

our travel routeour travel routelast week . . . .last week . . . .this week . . .this week . . .Kruger Nat’l Park

Kruger Nat’l Park

nuclear power plant



Travels

Kimberley diamond mine

KnysnaKnysna

ACCOMMODATIONSACCOMMODATIONSHotels………… 3%Hotels………… 3%

B&B/LodgeB&B/Lodge/Friends…….. 53%/Friends…….. 53%

Camping…….. 43%Camping…….. 43%

SOUTH AFRICASOUTH AFRICA Travels

Pillows/SheetsPillows/Sheets

Household SuppliesHousehold Supplies

Kitchen SuppliesKitchen Supplies

WineWine

Kerosene Kerosene LanternsLanternsPortable BBQ PitPortable BBQ Pit

charcoalcharcoal

Dry FoodsDry Foods


On to On to AccommodationsAccommodations

!!

SOUTH AFRICASOUTH AFRICA TravelsKruger – Latava CampKruger – Latava Camp

Kruger – Olifants CampKruger – Olifants CampKruger – Satara CampKruger – Satara Camp

BBQ on the CHEAP!

BBQ on the CHEAP!

SOUTH AFRICASOUTH AFRICA TravelsKruger – Latava CampKruger – Latava Camp

Kruger – Olifants CampKruger – Olifants CampKruger – Satara CampKruger – Satara CampKruger – Skakuza CampKruger – Skakuza Camp

Large family campLarge family camp

Kruger – Skakuza Camp

Kruger – Skakuza Camp

Kruger – Skakuza CampKruger – Skakuza Camp Kruger – Lower Sabie CampKruger – Lower Sabie Camp

Kruger – Lower Sabie CampKruger – Lower Sabie Camp

Cedarbergs ConservancyCedarbergs Conservancy(near West Coast NP)(near West Coast NP)

B&B in Port ElizabethB&B in Pietermaritzburg Drakensbergs NP – Didima CampDrakensbergs NP – Didima Camp Drakensbergs NP – Didima Camp

On to some of On to some of our experiences

our experiences

SOUTH AFRICASOUTH AFRICA TravelsSwaziland Rest Stop

Swaziland’s Milawane CampSwaziland’s Milawane Camp Unexpected Luncheon Guest!Unexpected Luncheon Guest!

SOUTH AFRICASOUTH AFRICA TravelsSt. Lucia Wetlands NPSt. Lucia Wetlands NP

Fish Eagle B&B, Knysa (Garden Route)


West Coast National ParkWest Coast National Park


Tsitsakama National ParkTsitsakama National Park(on the Garden Route)(on the Garden Route)



GeologyGeology

EcologyEcologyOur TravelsOur Travels


So, in summary . . . did we find So, in summary . . . did we find geologic treasures? geologic treasures?

in BOTSWANA? in BOTSWANA?

in ANGOLA ?in ANGOLA ?

in NAMIBIA ?in NAMIBIA ?

in SOUTH in SOUTH AFRICA? AFRICA?

Topographic indications of faulting

causing ….water to accumulate between faults in Botswana

Remember . . . the faults on Don’s topographic map of southern Africa?

creating the TREASURE of the Okavango Delta!creating the TREASURE of the Okavango Delta!

Nile River

Congo River

Limpopo River

causing …. sand & mud deposits at the river mouths

Remember . . . the major river deltas on Don’s geologic map?

creating the TREASURE of Angolan oil!creating the TREASURE of Angolan oil!

causing …. magma/lava to flow to the earth’s surface

Remember . . . Don’s diagrams of the kimberlite pipes?

creating the TREASURE of Namibian diamonds!creating the TREASURE of Namibian diamonds!

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/VolcanicPipe.jpg

CopperTinIronCoalOil

Remember . . . Don’s geologic map of the rocks in Africa?

creating the mineral TREASURES of South Africacreating the mineral TREASURES of South Africa

causing …. different natural resources in each rock type

Yes, we found geologic treasures! Yes, we found geologic treasures!

BOTSWANA BOTSWANA

ANGOLAANGOLA

SOUTH AFRICA SOUTH AFRICA

NAMIBIANAMIBIA

So . . . what’s the future for southern Africa?

So . . . what’s the future forSo . . . what’s the future for southern Africa?southern Africa?

STRENGTHSSTRENGTHS

POSSIBLE WEAKNESS - lack of visionary leadershipPOSSIBLE WEAKNESS - lack of visionary leadership

- significant mineral resources – COAL, IRON, URANIUM significant mineral resources – COAL, IRON, URANIUM - temperate zone –all major civilizations develop here- temperate zone –all major civilizations develop here- river system creating significant arable land- river system creating significant arable land- diverse, literate population- diverse, literate population- non-tribal religions open to new ideas- non-tribal religions open to new ideas- strong work ethic - strong work ethic - revenues from diverse tourism/industry - revenues from diverse tourism/industry

Next Fall . . .Next Fall . . .

California

Washington

Yukon

Alaska

Oregon

British ColumbiaVagabonds Tramping Vagabonds Tramping through Geology: through Geology:

- AUSTIN to the ARCTIC- - AUSTIN to the ARCTIC-

civilizations civilizations & commerce,& commerce,continents continents

& coastlines,& coastlines,

craters & craters & canyons, canyons,

rivers & rangesrivers & ranges

Texas

geology creates them all!geology creates them all!

Thanks for the Thanks for the memories!memories!

See you in the Fall...See you in the Fall...

Geology Rocks!

Geology Rocks!

REFERENCESREFERENCES

56

Google Earthhttp://www.krugersafari.com/ http://www.krugerpark.co.za/ http://www.pathfindersafrica.com/wildlife-courses/field-guide/ http://www.southafrica-travel.net/pages/e_geolog.htm http://www.southafrica-travel.net/Parks/e_lucia.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecoregion http://www.sa-venues.com/accommodation/nc_game_lodges.htm http://www.kruger2canyons.com/home/index.php http://www.ecotravel.co.za/south-african/wildlife-guides/ecology.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecozonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_land_classificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomehttp://www.ecotravel.co.za/south-african/travel-guides/game-nature-reserves.htmhttp://www.ecotravel.co.za/Guides/Reserves/KNP/Kruger_National_Park_Intro.htmhttp://www.ecotravel.co.za/Guides/Reserves/KNP/Kruger_National_Park_Adventures.htmhttp://www.ecotravel.co.za/plant-kingdom/grasses/grasslands-ecology.htm

http://www.ecotravel.co.za/Savannah.htmhttp://www.ecotravel.co.za/Savannah.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining_industry_of_South_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Leakeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater_of_Diamonds_State_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamproitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rock_typeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhyolitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Coast_National_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Biosphere_reserves_of_South_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruger_to_Canyons_Biospherehttp://www.krugerpark.co.za/Maps_of_Kruger_Park-travel/kruger-national-park-main-map.html http://www.worldagroforestry.org/units/Library/Books/PDFs/07_Agroforestry_a_decade_of_development.pdf

http://www.krugersafari.com/

http://www.krugerpark.co.za/

http://www.pathfindersafrica.com/wildlife-courses/field-guide/

http://www.southafrica-travel.net/pages/e_geolog.htm

http://www.southafrica-travel.net/Parks/e_lucia.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecoregion

http://www.sa-venues.com/accommodation/nc_game_lodges.htm

http://www.kruger2canyons.com/home/index.php

http://www.ecotravel.co.za/south-african/wildlife-guides/ecology.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecozone

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_land_classification

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biome

http://www.ecotravel.co.za/south-african/travel-guides/game-nature-reserves.htm

http://www.ecotravel.co.za/south-african/travel-guides/game-nature-reserves.htm

http://www.ecotravel.co.za/Guides/Reserves/KNP/Kruger_National_Park_Intro.htm

http://www.ecotravel.co.za/Guides/Reserves/KNP/Kruger_National_Park_Intro.htm

http://www.ecotravel.co.za/Guides/Reserves/KNP/Kruger_National_Park_Adventures.htm

http://www.ecotravel.co.za/Guides/Reserves/KNP/Kruger_National_Park_Adventures.htm

http://www.ecotravel.co.za/plant-kingdom/grasses/grasslands-ecology.htm

http://www.ecotravel.co.za/Savannah.htm

http://www.ecotravel.co.za/Savannah.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining_industry_of_South_Africa

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Leakey

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater_of_Diamonds_State_Park

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamproite

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rock_types

africa - session 6 south africa - part 2 - animals & geology

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