africa. physical geography africa is the 2 nd largest continent. northern countries are covered by...
TRANSCRIPT
AfricaAfrica
Physical GeographyPhysical Geography
• Africa is the 2nd largest continent.
• Northern countries are covered by the Sahara, the largest desert in the world
• Africa south of the Sahara also includes about 9 million square miles of mountains, valleys, and plateaus.
PlateausPlateaus
• Many geographers describe Africa as a gigantic plateau.
• Separating the plateaus are steep cliffs or slopes known as escarpments.
• The highest plateaus lie in the south and the east.
• Rivers spill over these escarpments in thundering waterfalls known as cataracts.
PlateausPlateaus
• Because of its plateaus, Africa boasts the highest average elevation in the world.
• The average elevation of Africa south of the Sahara is more than 2,000 feet above sea level.
Victoria FallsVictoria Falls
• The most famous waterfall in Africa is Victoria Falls
• It is more than twice the height of Niagara Falls.
• David Livingstone, the first European explorer to see the falls, named them after the British queen.
YouTube - Zimbabwe's Vic#14C507
Victoria FallsVictoria Falls
MountainsMountains
• The mountains south of the Sahara are mostly scattered peaks.
• The cone-shaped volcanic peaks of Kenya and Tanzania include Mount Kenya and Mount Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain.
Video -- Kilimanjaro -- #14C538
The Great Rift ValleyThe Great Rift Valley
• The Great Rift Valley is one of the world’s natural wonders.
• It runs from the Jordan River in Southwest Asia to the Zambezi River in Mozambique.
• In East Africa, it is more than 3500 miles long and creates escarpments more than a mile high in some areas.
African Rift- The Great #14C55A
Water SystemsWater Systems
• Lake Victoria is the second largest fresh-water lake in the world.
• It is the source of the White Nile
• It is surrounded by Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda.
Water SystemsWater Systems• Four great rivers slice through
Africa:
Nile
Congo
Niger
Zambezi
• The Nile is the largest river system in the world, but the largest system south of the Sahara is the Congo.
Natural ResourcesNatural Resources
• Diamonds: some of the biggest deposits on earth.
• Gold: more than half the world’s gold• Copper• Oil• Uranium• Manganese• zinc
Climate RegionsClimate Regions
• Desert: Desert covers 2/5 of Africa’s land area. In southern Africa, the Namib and Kalahari Deserts are present.
• Planet's Best: Kalahari Desert Meerkats : Video : Animal Planet
Climate RegionsClimate Regions
• Steppe: Steppe grasslands surround the desert regions in southern Africa.
• In Africa, the steppe grasslands are called the Sahel, meaning “coast”
• The climate alternates between a long, dry season and a short, wet season.
• Unfortunately, in recent years the rainy seasons have almost disappeared bringing famine to the region.
The SahelThe Sahel
Climate RegionsClimate Regions
• Tropical Savannas: Also called tropical grasslands.
• Savannas also alternate between wet and dry seasons, but receive considerably more rain than the Sahel.
• Some parts of the savannas are used for grazing livestock
• ……Savannas continued
To protect wildlife, governments have created huge game preserves such as Tanzania’s Serengeti Plains and Kenya’s Nairobi National Park.
• Extinction: the disappearance or end of a species of plant or animal.
• HowStuffWorks Videos "Survival Guide: Serengeti: Serengeti National Park"
Climate RegionsClimate Regions
• Tropical Rainforest: This region covers only 8% of Africa
• Temperatures hover around 80°F, and rain falls daily
• The heavy rains leach, or wash away the nutrients in the soil.
• Deforestation: The loss or destruction of forests.
• Cocoa, rubber, and palm-oil plantations take more and more land.
• Logging companies take the trees for their profit
• This climate region could someday disappear.
Climate RegionsClimate Regions
• Moderate Climates: There are several other moderate climates.
• These are heavily populated because they have fertile soil, adequate rain.
• These are good conditions for farming.
• Moderate Climates Include:
Mediterranean
Humid Subtropical
Marine West Coast
Highland
Human CharacteristicsHuman Characteristics
• Population: 625 million people
• Sub-Saharan Africa has the world’s highest birthrate and the world’s shortest life expectancy
• The physical geography causes the population to be unevenly distributed.
• Economics and Population: • Food production has dropped nearly 20% since
1970, yet the population has tripled.• Famine and poor nutrition claim many lives,
especially infants and children.• Impure water is another cause of death. Only
about 40% of sub-Saharan Africans have clean water to drink.
• Economics and Population:
• Insects such as the tsetse fly carry diseases that kill cattle, horses, and people.
• AIDS has reached epidemic proportions in sub-Saharan Africa.
• Economics and Population:
• The 625 million people of sub-Saharan Africa generate a GDP of $150 billion.
• This is comparable to the small country of Belgium of 10 million people
• Economics and Population:
• In Chad, the per capita income, or average per person income is around $220.
• This varies throughout Africa.
• Urbanization: The movement of people from rural areas into the cities.
• Africa is the least urbanized continent, but it is urbanizing at the world’s fastest rate.
• Economic hardships have driven millions of people to seek better opportunities in the cities.
• Population Diversity:
• Africa is home to hundreds of different ethnic groups, or people with similar histories and cultures.
• Kenya, for example is home to over 100 ethnic groups by itself.
• Language:
• Today, Africans speak more than 800 languages.
• Swahili is one of the major languages spoken throughout Africa
• This makes Swahili a lingua franca, or a universal language because it is understood almost everywhere in Africa.
• Religion
48%
41%
11%
ChristianMuslimTraditional
• Family Life: Africans place great emphasis on extended families, or households made up of several generations.
• In some places, families are organized into clans, or large groups of people related to each other.
• It is the clan’s responsibility to safeguard traditions by passing them down from one generation to the next.
EducationEducation
• Literacy rates: the percentage of people who have the ability to read and write.
Obstacles for EducationObstacles for Education
• 1. Low standard of living: many people simply cannot afford to send their children to school.
• 2. Some parents still believe that their children will benefit more from learning survival skills, such as hunting or farming.