africa and colonialism. satellite picture of africa
TRANSCRIPT
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Africa and Colonialism
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Satellite Picture of Africa
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Words to know
• Colonialism: ruling other countries and keeping them dependent on the ruling country.
• Imperialism: one country extending its control over another country
• Imperialism=Colonialism…basically they are the same thing
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African Resources
• Africa has MANY natural resources– Gold– Cobalt– Chromium– Phosphates– Diamonds– copper
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African Gov’t before Europeans
• Most African communities (not countries) were stateless societies
• Stateless Society: when people rely on family lineage to govern themselves rather than elect someone or have a monarch
• Basically….tribal elders made decisions
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Berlin Conference (1884-1885)
• In the 19th Century Colonialism starts to begin– Europe’s industrialized nations become
interested in Africa’s Resources– Europeans didn’t want to fight over the
resources, so they held the Berlin conference
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Berlin Conference
• Berlin Conference (1884-1885): 14 European nations gathered to establish and discuss political control over Africa because they did not want to fight over it
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Berlin Conference
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Berlin Conference
• VERY IMPORTANT: European Nations divided Africa without any regard to where African ethnic or linguistic groups lived– Turn to page 469– Turn to page 322
• When they set boundaries, they combined ethnic groups together that had always been enemies
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Berlin Conference
– This causes Civil War throughout Africa after the colonial powers (Europeans) leave in the 1960s
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King Leopold II
• King Leopold II: Belgian king who opened up the African interior to European trade along the Congo River
• By 1884, he controlled the area known as the Congo Free State
• He used forced labor (slavery) to gather rubber, palm oil, ivory and other resources
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King Leopold II
The Belgian Congo King Leopold II
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European Control over Africa (Colonial Era)
• Late 1800s-1960s
• European gov’ts break down the old system of stateless societies and set up centralized gov’ts
• The Europeans profit greatly from Africa’s resources
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The Independence Era (1960s-Present)
• Many African Nations gain independence in the 1960s
• Since the Europeans did not pay attention to ethnic boundaries when they divided Africa, each “country” was very diverse and had many problems with civil conflict– See Berlin Conference
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The Independence Era
• Economics– Africas economies are still recovering from
colonialism• Loss of resources• Disruption of political systems • Cultural and ethnic oppression of people
– They have very poor Infrastructure
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The Independence Era
Infrastructure
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But there ARE modern parts of Africa
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All the lights are Cities!
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COLONIALISM AND AFRICA
• European Colonialism in Africa during the late 1800s-1960s has left the continent struggling for economic, political and social stability throughout the entire continent