Aerosol Therapy and Nebulizers

RET 2274

Respiratory Therapy Theory Lab I

Module 6.1

Aerosol Therapy and Nebulizers

Aerosols Particulate matter suspended in a gas

Particulate matter can be either a liquid or a solidExamples: Liquid - Albuterol (liquid medication) Solid - Cromolyn sodium (powdered medication)

Aerosol Therapy and Nebulizers

Aerosols Liquids are aerosolized in clinical practice

Bland aerosol therapy (cool or heated) Agents used

Sterile water Saline (hypotonic, isotonic, hypertonic)

Use to treat Airway edema Humidification of bypassed upper airway

e.g. artificial airway Sputum induction and mobilization

Aerosol Therapy and Nebulizers

Aerosols Liquids are aerosolized in clinical practice

Aerosolized medication Directly to the pulmonary system for treatment of a

pathology Bronchospasm Mucosal edema Infection

Aerosol Therapy and Nebulizers

Aerosol Therapy Equipment Nebulizer – a device that produces particulate

matter that is delivered into a gas Large-Volume Nebulizer Large-Volume Ultrasonic Nebulizer Small-Volume Nebulizer Small-Volume Ultrasonic Nebulizer Bulb-Type Nebulizer Respigard II Small-volume Nebulizer Breath-Actuated Nebulizer

Aerosol Therapy and Nebulizers

Aerosol Therapy Equipment Pneumatic Nebulizer

1. High pressure nozzle

2. Maximum shear force

3. Capillary tube

4. Baffle

5. Area of vorticity

6. Reservoir

Aerosol Therapy and Nebulizers

Aerosol Therapy Equipment Large-Volume Nebulizer

Pneumatically powered Variable air entrainment port

Increase flow rate Alter FiO2

Aerosol Therapy and Nebulizers

Aerosol Therapy Equipment Large-Volume Nebulizer

Single-patient use

Aerosol Therapy and Nebulizers

Aerosol Therapy Equipment Large-Volume Nebulizer

Heaters

Aerosol Therapy and Nebulizers

Aerosol Therapy Equipment Large-Volume Ultrasonic Nebulizer

1. Radiofrequency generator

2. Shielded cable

3. Piezoelectric crystal transducer

4. Water-filled couplant reservoir

5. Solution chamber

6. Chamber inlet

7. Chamber outlet

Aerosol Therapy and Nebulizers

Aerosol Therapy Equipment Small-Volume Nebulizer

Pneumatically powered Medication administration

Bronchodilators Antiinflammatory agents Antibiotics

10 ml medication reservoir

Aerosol Therapy and Nebulizers

Aerosol Therapy Equipment Small-Volume Nebulizer

Single-patient use

Aerosol Therapy and Nebulizers

Aerosol Therapy Equipment Respirgard II Small-Volume Nebulizer

Administration of Penamidine Tx for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)

Two one-way valves Wye Expiratory filter

Aerosol Therapy and Nebulizers

Aerosol Therapy Equipment Breath-Actuated Nebulizers

Deliver aerosol only during inspiration Eliminates waste during exhalation Increases delivered dose

AeroEclipse

Aerosol Therapy and Nebulizers

AeroEclipse

Aerosol Therapy and Nebulizers

Aerosol Therapy Equipment Bulb-Type Handheld Nebulizer

Medication administration Powered by squeezing the bulb

Aerosol Therapy and Nebulizers

Aerosol Therapy Equipment Small-Volume Ultrasonic Nebulizer

Medication administration Home use

Aerosol Therapy and Nebulizers

Aerosol Therapy Equipment Small-Volume Ultrasonic Nebulizer

Medication administration Mechanical ventilators

Aerosol Therapy and Nebulizers

Aerosol Therapy Equipment Small-Volume Nebulizer (continuous nebulization)

Intravenous drip system for Used to manage severe bronchospasm when traditional

dosing strategies are ineffective

Aerosol Therapy and Nebulizers

Aerosol Therapy Equipment Large-Volume Nebulizer (Continuous

Nebulization) Medication administration Used to manage severe bronchospasm

when traditional dosing strategies are ineffective

240 ml medication reservoir

HOPE

Aerosol Therapy and Nebulizers

Aerosol Therapy Equipment Small-Particle Aerosol Generator (SPAG)

Special-purpose large-volume nebulizer Administration of Virazole (ribavirin)

Tx for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) Used with masks, hoods, tents, vent circuits

Aerosol Therapy and Nebulizers

Aerosol Therapy Equipment Airway Appliances

Used to deliver aerosol therapy A. Aerosol mask

B. Face tent

C. T-Tube

D. Tracheostomy mask

A B C D

Aerosol Therapy and Nebulizers

Aerosol Therapy Equipment Metered Dose Inhalers (MDI)

Medication administration Bronchodilators Steroids

Aerosol Therapy and Nebulizers

Aerosol Therapy Equipment MDI Accessory Devices

Reduce oropharyngeal deposition Eliminate need for hand-breath

coordination

Aerosol Therapy and Nebulizers

Aerosol Therapy Equipment Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI)

Patient creates an aerosol by drawing air through a dose of finely milled drug powder

Do not require the hand-breath coordination needed for MDIs, but do require high inspiratory flows