adverbs of manner - spellings
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Adjectives and adverbs
Adjectives modify nouns.
A beautiful day An interesting ideaAdverbs modify verbs by telling us how we do something.
She works quietly. They write clearly.Many adverbs are formed by adding ly to the adjective.
easy - easily careful – carefully nice - nicely
A few words, like fast, hard, late and low, take the same form as both adjectives and adverbs.
It was a late movie. I stayed out late.She had a hard time. She studied hard.
Forming adverbs from adjectives
Many adverbs are formed by simply adding –ly to an adjective:
Adjective Adverb
beautiful beautifully
careless carelessly
cautious cautiously
courteous courteously
joyous joyously
quick quickly
Forming adverbs from adjectives
If an adjective ends in –y if often changed to i before the –ly is added:
Adjective Adverb
angry angrily
easy easily
guilty guiltily
happy happily
hasty hastily
shabby shabbily
Forming adverbs from adjectives
If an adjective ends in –le, the –le is dropped before –ly is added:
Adjective Adverb
capable capably
comfortable comfortably
miserable miserably
simple simply
In general: adjective + -ly
adjective example
slow slowly
Exceptions in spelling
exception exampleSilent ‘e’ is dropped in true, due, whole true → truly
y becomes i happy → happily
le after a consonant is dropped sensible → sensibly
After ll only add y full → fully
Rules
Adjectives ending in –ic: adjective + -ally (exception: public- publicy)
adjective adverb
fantastic fantasticallyAdjectives ending in –ly: use ‘in a … way / manner’ or
another adverb with similar meaning
adjective adverb
friendly in a friendly wayin a friendly manner
likely probably
Rules
ExceptionsAdjective
Adverb (meaning)
Adverb (meaning)
good well
difficult with difficulty
public publicy
deep deep (place) deeply (feeling)
direct direct directly (=soon)
hard hard hardly (=seldom)
high high (place) highly (figurative)
late late lately (=recently)
most most mostly (=usually)
near near nearly (=almost)
pretty pretty (=rather) prettily
short short shortly (=soon)
The following adjectives are also used as adverbs (without moficication)
daily, enough, nearly, far, fast, hourly, little, long, low, monthly, much, straight, weekly,
yearly …
ACTIVITY IRead the sentences carefully and apply the rules.1. Paula is a patient teacher. She listens ____.2. Santa Claus is merry. He laughs______.3. Lucas is rapid. He answered the test _____.4. Ben is organized and quick. He ____ finished the task.5. Gladys has clear pronunciation. She talks _____.6. The Senator is well- liked. People talk of him. ( high)7. Barbara dances____. ( graceful).8. My boss greeted the visitors _____. (polite)9. This has to be done ___ ( regular).10. She _______ showed us her trophy. ( happy).11. He is a good coordinator. He does it _______.12. The child ____ took the toys. ( relentless)13. The organization ___ prepared its activity. ( excited)14. The members ____ welcomed the tourists. ( kindly)15. The Boy Scouts ____ completed the kite. (enthusiastic).
ACTIVITY IIWrite the correct form in the blank.1. Jack plays the piano ________. (beautiful)2. Mrs. Cordero speaks very ____. (soft)3. Mara won the race _____. ( easy)4. I see him at the Casino ____. (frequent)5. 5. She acted ____. ( greedy)6. That cave is dangerous. Walk ____ (cautious).7. He stole the cookies. He acted____ (guilty).8. She was late. She drove ____ ( hasty).9. They were poor. They dressed ___ (shabby).10. Someone ____ killed the dog. ( miserable)
ACTIVITY IIII. Read the sentences and complete them:1. Andrea answered the questions_____.(honest)2. John walked to the store very ___. ( slow)3. _______, my sister ruined my dress. (thoughtless)4. ___ the rangers approached the bear. (cautious)5. Paul ___ answered the interview. ( foolish)6. The new secretary works ___. (careless)7. Joe ____ gave a donation. ( generous)8. The feverish man ____ watched his girlfriend.
( jealous)9. Mary apologized ____. ( sincere)10. The dog ____ hid the bone. ( playful)
Activity IV. Read the corresponding words and change them to adverbs taking the rules into consideration.
1. brave
2. competent
3. good
4. bitter
5. angry
6. easy
7. happy
8. simple
9. capable
10. comfortable
11. hasty
12. nice
13. clean
14. dirty
15. rapid
CHALLENGE
I. Demonstrate that you can change these adjectives to adverbs. Remember the rules.1. angry2. happy3. heavy4. noisy5. steady6. clumsy7. cheek
Part II. Let’s continue with the challenge. Read and choose the best alternative.
1. If you always drive ___ you are sure to have an accident.
a. recklessly b. reckless2. Pablo ate his dinner ___.
a. quick b. quickly3. He’ s an awful driver. He never stops ______.
a. smoothly b. smooth4. This case ‘s evidence has been___affected.
a. serious b. seriously5. Mr. Mom and Mrs. Mom squealed at each other
___.a. furious b. furiously
ActivityActivity 1
1. patiently
2. merrily
3. rapidly
4. quickly
5. clearly
6. highly
7. gracefully
8. politely
9. regularly
10. happily
Activity 1
11. well
12. relentlessly
13. exitedly
14. kindly
15. enthusiastically
Activity 2
1. beautifully
2. softly
3. easily
4. frequently
5. greedily
6. cautiously
7. guiltily
8. hastily
9. stabbily
10. misarebly
ActivityActivity 3
1. honestly
2. slowly
3. thoughtlessly
4. cautiously
5. foolishly
6. carelessly
7. generously
8. jealously
9. sincerely
10. playfully
Activity 4
1. bravely
2. competently
3. well
4. bitterly
5. angrily
6. easily
7. happily
8. simply
9. capably
10. comfortably
ChallengePart I
1. angrily
2. happily
3. heavily
4. noisily
5. steadlily
6. clumsily
7. checkily
Part II
1. a
2. b
3. a
4. b
5. b