adverbial clauses and phrases
TRANSCRIPT
Independent / DependentShe came to the U.S. So that she could be with her
relatives.
If she saves enough money, she will visit her first country.
She came to Canada before she came to the U.S.
Because of war, many Bosnians came to the U.S.
Even though she didn’t know English, she came to Canada.
Independent / DependentShe came to the U.S. So that she could be with her
relatives.
If she saves enough money, she will visit her first country.
She came to Canada before she came to the U.S.
Because of war, many Bosnians came to the U.S.
Even though she didn’t know English, she came to Canada.
Independent / DependentShe came to the U.S. So that she could be with her
relatives.
If she saves enough money, she will visit her first country.
She came to Canada before she came to the U.S.
Because of war, many Bosnians came to the U.S.
Even though she didn’t know English, she came to Canada.
5 Types of Adverbial Clauses
• Time (before) • Reason (because)• Purpose (so that)• Contrast (even though)• Conditions (if)
Types of Adverbial Clauses• Time Clauses (She went to Canada
before she came to the U.S.• Reason Clause ( She went to
Canada first because she couldn’t get a visa for the U.S.
• Purpose Clause (She came to the U.S. so that she could be with her relatives
Types of Adverbial ClausesCont.
• Contrast Clause (She came to the U.S. even though she didn’t know English.
• Condition Clause (She will go back to her country if she saves enough money.
Reasons and purposes• Many Irish came to the U.S. because of
hunger.• Since you are late, you will need a
pass. (similar to because)• In order to make money, my family
came to the U.S.• Some people came to the U.S. for
freedom.
Reasons and purposes(cont.)
• Many people come to the U.S. so that they can be reunited with family. (present tense)
• So that I would learn English, I came to Canada. (past tense)
Time Expressions• When “at that time” “immediately
after that time”• Whenever “any time” or “every
time”• Until “up to that time”• Since/ ever since from that time in
the past to the present”• For the amount of time
Time Expressions Cont.• During use with day, night, month, summer
or a specific time period.• While / as with a continuous actionNotes:For is an amount of time, but during is
with a named time period.When: used with a sample past actionWhile: used with a continuous action
(ing)
To Show ContrastFor an unexpected result or contrast of ideas, use a clause beginning with:
Even thoughAlthoughIn spite of the fact thatTry using each of these phrases in
a sentence with a partner.
Note on in spite of• Use in spite of + noun phrase to
show contrast. • A clause does not follow in spite ofEx: In spite of their hard lives, the
lost Boys are hopeful about their futures.
Still and Anyway• Still and anyway can be used in the
main clause to emphasize the contrast.Ex: Even though the Lost Boys are happy
in the U.S., they still miss their families.
Ex: Even thought it’s hard for an immigrant to work and go to school, they have to do it anyway.
Let’s Practice!• Find a partner and complete the
sentences out loud. Do NOT write• P. 343 Ex. 10 and 11Examples for 101. I like my apartment even though the rent is high.6. I like my job in spite of the fact that my boss
doesn’t handle conflict well.Example for 11: (make a contrast.)Even though the U.S. is a rich country, there are
many homeless.
Scored ReviewUse the following phrases in sentences.Write on a piece of paper and hand inWhile (ing verb)WheneverEver sinceUntilEven though. . .stillAlthough. . .anywayIn spite of the fact that
Transitions(Sentence Connectors)
• However, Nevertheless: Show contrast (similar to but)
Ex.: The U.S. is not a perfect country. Nevertheless, many people want to immigrate here.
• In addition, Furthermore, Moreover: add more information (similar to and)
Ex: My sister came to the U.S. to earn money. Furthermore, she wanted to be reunited with her family.
Transitions Cont.• Therefore, As a result, For this
reason: show result or conclusion. (similar to so)
Ex: Many couples in China prefer sons. As a result, the majority of adoptions from China are girls.
Punctuation Note• Use either a period or a semicolon (;)
before a transition.• A comma is used after the connector.Ex: My friends couldn’t adopt a baby
here. Therefore, they went to another country to adopt.
Ex: My friends couldn’t adopt a baby here; therefore, they went to another country to adopt.
So. . .that/ Such. . .that• Such + adjective + noun + thatEx. The Sudanese Boys had such an
awful trip that many of them died along the way.
Ex. We waited such a long time to catch the bus that we missed the concert.
So. . .that/Such thatcontinued
• So + adjective + that • So + adverb + thatEx. Foreign adoption is so expensive
that many people cannot afford it.Ex. Small children learn English so
easily that the become fluent in a short time.
So. . .that/Such thatWith Countable Nouns
• So many + plural count noun + that• So few + plural count noun + thatEx. There are so many students in
the room that we don’t have enough desks for them.
There are so few desks available that many students need to sit on the floor.
So. . .that/Such thatWith uncountable nouns
• So much + noncount noun + that• So little + nonount noun + thatEx.: There was so much poverty in
Ireland in the 1800s that Irish people were forced to leave.
Ex: The Sudanese Boys had so little to eat that many of them died.