advantages of soft start motor control
DESCRIPTION
Soft starters for AC motors offer many benefits, with the most significant being a reduction of mechanical stresses on the motor and shaft as well as other components in a system, thereby extending equipment life. They also contribute to smarter use of power and less inrush current, which can minimize penalties from utility companies. An industry expert from Eaton explains these and other benefits of soft starters as well as some of the advantages of soft starters over traditional motor starters. Viewers will also learn about: • How to monitor and protect your equipment and reduce overall system costs • How to select soft starters for unique applications • Reducing or eliminating water hammer effect and check valve slamming • Considerations for heavy-duty applications Further, specific attention will be given how to select soft start controllers for unique application requirements.TRANSCRIPT
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2 2 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Advantages of Soft Start Motor Control
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3 3 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
This webinar will be available afterwards at designworldonline.com & email
Q&A at the end of the presentation
Hashtag for this webinar: #DWwebinar
Before We Start
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4 4 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Moderator
Miles Budimir Senior Editor Design World
Design World
Presenter
Ram Tenneti Product Manager
Eaton Design World
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This is a photographic template – your photograph should fit precisely within this rectangle.
© 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Advantages of Soft Start Motor Control
Hosted by Ram Tenneti Product Manager, Eaton Corporation
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6 6 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Agenda • What is a soft starter?
• Reduced voltage starting mechanisms
• Inner workings of a soft starter
• Soft starters for pumping applications
• Soft starters in severe duty applications • The value of soft starters • Specification for various application
requirements
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7 7 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
What is a soft starter?
• A soft starter is a solid-state device used with AC electric motors to ramp up the voltage and torque on the motor during startup
• This ramp up reduces mechanical stress on the motor and shaft, as well as the electro-dynamic stresses on the attached power cables and electrical distribution network
• The bottom line: soft starters extend the lifespan of your system and reduce maintenance costs
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8 8 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Traditional reduced voltage starter types
• Auto transformer • Part winding • Wye-Delta
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9 9 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Auto transformer starter
• On start-up, line voltages are directed through transformers, which reduce the voltage
• After an adjustable time, the transformers are removed from the circuit
• Allow for simple closed transition from start to run
• Minimal reduction in starting torque
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10 10 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Part winding starter
• Constructed of two separate parallel stator windings per phase
• One winding set energized on start, all windings energized during run
• Time delay relay closes the additional run windings
• Start windings draw 65% to 85% of the motor locked rotor current
• Each winding set carries 50% of load during run
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11 11 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Wye-Delta starter configuration
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12 12 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Wye-Delta starter connected in Wye
• Wye connection for START • Typically use in applications
with high inertia and long acceleration periods (large centrifugal pumps, fans)
• All stator windings are used during start-up
• Less current draw at start-up
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13 13 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Wye-Delta starter connected in Delta
• Delta Connection for RUN • Close transition when
transferring between Wye and Delta requires inline resistors during transition (direct closed transitioning will cause a high inrush)
• Open transition is most common
• Full current draw
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14 14 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
What is a soft starter, again?
• Soft starter is a solid state device used with AC electric motors to ramp up the voltage and torque on the motor during startup
• This ramp up reduces mechanical stress on the motor and shaft, as well as the electro-dynamic stresses on the attached power cables and electrical distribution network, thus extending the lifespan of the system
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15 15 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Solid-state starters
• Electronically reduce the voltage output to the motor • Typically silicone controlled rectifiers (SCR) are
used to reduce the voltage
• Allows for greater control flexibility
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16 16 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Soft starter schematic diagram
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17 17 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Voltage ramp soft start
• Smooth transition from initial voltage to full voltage
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18 18 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Inrush current comparison (300HP)
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19 19 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Why upgrade to soft starters?
• Soft starter lowers inrush current compared to across-the-line and WYE-DELTA starting methods
• Reduces stress on components (belts, chains, conveyors)
• Reduces long-term maintenance costs • Increases system uptime • In pump applications, reduces water hammer effect by
utilizing pump control algorithm • Reduces heat build up in enclosure because of
internal by-pass • Reduces peak inrush current resulting in minimizing
penalty from the utility companies
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20 20 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Pump application challenges
• High in-rush currents • Squirling and snapping belts
• Water-hammer
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21 21 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Understanding water hammer effect
• Pressure surge caused by abrupt changes in the rate of flow because of pump starts and stops, opening/closing of valves or water column separation and closure
• The abrupt changes can cause all or part of the flowing water column to undergo a momentum change
• This change in momentum causes a shock wave that damages the system
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22 22 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Starting flow characteristics
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23 23 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Stopping flow characteristics
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24 24 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Soft starters for pump applications
• Eliminates water hammer and check valve slam in hydraulic systems
• Extended stopping time • S-shaped torque curve to ramp up and ramp down the
flow
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25 25 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
See the difference, watch the video
• Eaton developed a short, 30-second video clip that shows the advantage of a soft starter in a pumping application
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26 26 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Heavy duty applications – reduced voltage soft start
• RVSS used to improve Wye/Delta Start Characteristics • Centrifuge:
• 10 minutes or more with Wye/Delta systems. • 4 - 5 minutes with RVSS. • RVSS more tolerant of starts attempted with remaining process
in the centrifuge (Additional mass = longer acceleration time). • RVSS provides full motor protection during start-run operations. • Peak current ≈ 3.5 FLA, no spikes during contactor movement as
with Wye-Delta systems. • Aggregate/Conveyor – Kick Start
• Kick start to overcome friction • Switch over to soft starter mode after couple of seconds
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27 27 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Success stories
• Location: Pit mine • Issue: Constant waterhammer effect -
experienced check valve slam as soon as the pump turned off
• Challenge: A 285 HP pump discharging to very long piping system
• Solution: Special softstarter with pump algorithm to reduce waterhammer effect was installed
• Results: • Reduced downtime • Extended pump and asset life
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28 28 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Protection features in soft starters
• Phase sequence • Phase rev fault • Motor rated volt • Low volt trip • Low volt level • Low volt trip Dly • Hi volt trip • Hi volt level • Hi volt trip Dly • Jam fault • Stall fault • Temp sense fault
• V imbal trip Dly • V imbal trip Lev • Phase loss fault • Phase loss % trip • Phase loss trip Dly • Low I trip % FLA • Phase Imb fault • I Imbal trip lev • I Imbal trip Dly • SCR short fault • Ground Fault
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29 29 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Full voltage retrofits
• Soft starters typically fit in any MCC/enclosure installation you have today • Box replacement not needed • Built-in shorting (bypass) contactor minimizes
wiring • Reuse all the same components you have today • Quick installation saves electrician’s time and
down time
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30 30 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Soft starter solutions for various applications
Low Voltage Soft Starters Up to 1000Amps Up to 690 volts
Up to 800HP
DS7 DS6
S611
S811
S801
Up to 25 HP 0 to 480 V 1Q 2011
Up to 350 HP 0 to 600 V
Up to 150 HP 0 to 480 V
30 - 800 HP 0 to 690 V
30 - 800 HP 0 to 690 V
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31 31 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Soft starters for industrial applications Key considerations Smaller in Size Built-in run bypass contactor Built-in overload protection Adjustable ramp times Adjustable kick start control Physically fits in place of most
NEMA and IEC starters Digital Interface Pump control Communication Capability
Product Range Amps: 37 – 1000A Voltage: Up to 690V Power: 25 – 800HP
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32 32 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Soft starters for commercial applications Key considerations Integrated bypass Integrated electronic overload
protection 120V control Power monitoring Intuitive user interface Serviceability (control board,
contactors) Pump control option ModBus Native Plug and Play adapters for Profibus/
Devicenet/Ethernet IP Available in NEMA 1/12/3R/4/4X
enclosures
Product Range Current: 52 to 414A Voltage: Up to 600V Power: 40 to 350HP
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33 33 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Key soft start specifications
• Compact size • Integrated by-pass contactor • Electronic overload protection • Increased capacity of product when used in
inside the delta mode • Feature-rich products with extensive
monitoring and protective features • Pump algorithm to minimize/eliminate water
hammer effect
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34 34 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
For more information
• Multiple tools are available on Eaton’s website including application notes, podcasts, FAQs, quick start guide, manuals, catalogs etc. • Visit Eaton’s soft starter
product page at: www.eaton.com/softstarters
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35 35 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Questions?
Design World Miles Budimir Email: [email protected] Phone: 440.234.4531 Twitter: @DW_Motion
Eaton Corp. Ram Tenneti Email: [email protected] Phone: 734.730.9513
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36 36 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Thank You This webinar will be available at
designworldonline.com & email
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Connect with Twitter: @DesignWorld
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37 37 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.