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Advances in Biorefiningfor the Production of Fuels
and Chemicals
Tim Eggeman, Ph.D., P.E.Agricultural Biotechnology International Conference
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan September 13, 2010
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Company History• Founded in 2002
• Series A ($6MM) in 2006– Led by MDV and Firelake Capital– Proved technology at lab scale
• Series B ($34MM) in 2008– Co-led by Globespan and PrairieGold– Valero Energy Corporation – Money raised for demo plant
• Current Status– Demo construction is underway– US DOE grant $25MM– Leveraging strategics for 1st commercial
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ZeaChem TechnologyCONFIDENTIAL
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• Advanced cellulosic― Best of bio & thermo chemical processes
― Hybrid cellulosic technology – “Prius”
― Highest theoretical yield 160 gal/BDT
• Proven components & processes― Natural organism; no enzymes
― Ultra-low CO2 net impact
• Product platform flexibility― Biofuels (ethanol, butanol)
― Bio-based chemicals (ethyl acetate, propylene)
ThermoChemical
BioChemical
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Biomass:• Hardwood• Softwood• Switch Grass• Corn Stover
ZeaChem C2 Platform
HydrogenResidue to Gasifier
AcetateEsterSales
EthanolSales
Ethyl Acetate
Sugars Acetic Acid
ZeaChem’s Core Technology
AceticAcidSales
Ethanol
EthyleneSales
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Theoretical Yields
Cellulose, 40
HemicelluloseSugars, 18
HemicelluloseAcetate, 2
Lignin, 30
Other, 10
Biochemical OnlyYield: 78-112 gal(neat)/BDT
39-56
Biochemical Processing
100
Balance61-44
Thermochemical OnlyYield: 112 gal(neat)/BDT
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100
Balance30
Mixed Alcohol Synthesis
ThermochemicalProcessing
Balance14
Syngas70
Values in Italics Indicate Chemical Energy Flow Normalized to Biomass = 100
Yield assumes 200 gal(neat)/BDT for 100% Chemical Efficiency
Syngas FermentationYield: 112 gal(neat)/BDT
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100
ThermochemicalProcessing
BiochemicalProcessing
Balance30
Balance14
Syngas70
ZeaChem HybridYield: 156 gal(neat)/BDT
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100
60 40
ThermochemicalProcessing
Biochemical Processing
Hydrogenolysis
Balance4
Residue8
Balance18
Ester52
H2
30
5
6
$/g
al
Yield Drives Economics
Ethanol Price
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About GreenWood Resources
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A Resource That Lasts Forever™
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• ZeaChem process is feedstock agnostic– Hardwood, softwood, grasses, ag residues
• Dedicated sustainable energy crops– Geographic diversity, “Grow where we go”
• Contract with GreenWood Resources – Supply high yield hybrid poplar feedstock
• Benefits– Efficient harvesting, cost effective– “Store on the stump”– Integrate energy crop + biorefinery =
minimal footprint, low CO2
Dedicated Energy Farms
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Efficient Harvesting
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ZeaChem Technology Deployment
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Lab Pilot Demo
Milestones:• Proven at lab scale• Raised $6MM for pilot
Milestones:• Proven at non-integrated pilot scale • Successfully fermented mixed sugars and hydrolyzates• Raised $34MM to support demo
Milestones:• Construction announced 11/09• 10,000x fermentation scale-up met and exceeded targets• Completed downstream conversion: glacial acetic acid, commercial grade ethyl acetate, ethanol
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Hydrolyzate Fermentation
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 50 100 150Time, Hr
Ace
tic A
cid,
g/l
Corn SyrupPoplar Hydrolyzate
Exceeds TargetTiter in 60 Hours
Target Titer = 50 g/l
Fermentation Works WellWith Hydrolyzates.
Mixed Sugars, Wood BreakdownProducts, etc. Issues Are Solved.
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Demonstrated Scale-up Success
• 10,000x Scale-up• Repeated numerous times
• Multiple vendor trials• Glacial Acetic Acid,
99+% pure
Scale-up
Control
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Demonstrated Products
FuelSolventVAMUse
$20B/yr$0.2B/yr$3B/yrUS Market
D 4806D 4614D 3629ASTM Spec
EthanolEthylAcetate
AceticAcidProduct
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• 250,000 GPY capacity• Produce ethyl acetate and cellulosic ethanol• Hybrid poplar + others feedstocks• 75 Construction jobs, 25 Operating jobs• Capex and Opex Funded in Cooperation with US DOE
Integrated Biorefinery
Schematic of future facility
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Groundbreaking June 2, 2010
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Solving “Food vs. Fuel” DebateFarmYield
FactoryYield
AutoEff.
LandProd.
CornEthanol
150Bu/ac/yr
2.7Gal/bu
14Mile/gal EtOH
5,670Mile/ac/yr
1st Gen.Cellulosics
7.5BDT/ac/yr
90Gal/BDT
14Mile/gal EtOH
9,450Mile/ac/yr
AdvancedCellulosics
15BDT/ac/yr
135Gal/BDT
14Mile/gal EtOH
28,350Mile/ac/yr
AdvancedCellulosics +
Auto Efficiency
15BDT/ac/yr
135Gal/BDT
25Mile/gal EtOH
50,625Mile/ac/yr
0 20,000 40,000 60,000
Ad. Cell. +Auto Eff.
AdvancedCellulosics
1st Gen.Cellulosics
Corn Ethanol
Land Productivity, Mile/ac/yrMaximize efficiency at farm, factory and vehicle
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Water Advantage
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Approximately an 80% reduction in farm to fuel water demand overcorn ethanol and 35% reduction over 1st Generation Cellulosic
Biochem Thermochem Syngas ZeaChemOnly Only Fermentation Hybrid
FarmWater Demand (rain+irrigation), gal H2O/ 4,000 Water Demand (rain+irrigation), ac ft/BDT 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13Factory Yield, gal EtOH/bu 2.7 Factory Yield, gal EtOH/BDT 90 90 90 135Water Demand, gal H2O/gal EtOH 1,481 Water Demand, gal H2O/gal EtOH 482 482 482 321
FactoryWater Demand, gal H2O/gal EtOH 3 Water Demand, gal H2O/gal EtOH 6 2 2 3
Farm+FactoryTotal Water Demand, gal H2O/gal EtOH 1,484 Total Water Demand, gal H2O/gal EtOH 488 484 484 324
Cellulosic EthanolCorn Ethanol
Farm,1,481
Factory,3
Corn Ethanol1,484 gal H2O/gal EtOH
Farm,321
Factory,3
ZeaChem324 gal H2O/gal EtOH
Farm,482
Factory,2
Other Cellulosic484 gal H2O/gal EtOH
Switch toCellulosic Feedstock
Improve FactoryYield
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Carbon Advantage
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Fuel Technology GHG % Reduction from Gasoline
Gasoline 0%
Corn Ethanol 21-24%
Cellulosic Ethanol w/Stover 86-89%
ZeaChem w/Energy Farm 94-98%
Perennials + Green Factory Utilities = Lowest GHG Footprint!
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Other Platforms – Fuels and Chemicals
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C2 PlatformAcetic Acid Ethyl AcetateEthanolEthylene
C3 PlatformPropionic AcidPropanolPropylene
• Chemicals: Plastics, Acrylics• Fuels
C4 PlatformButanol
C6 PlatformHexanolHexene
ZeaChem’sTechnology
Status: Demo
Status: Lab/Pilot
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• Hybrid technology = High yield– Drives economics and environmental performance– Product flexibility: biofuels and biochemicals
• Relentless focus on risk reduction across value chain– Feedstock– Technology– Offtake– Financing
• Executing C2 platform at demo plant scale
ZeaChem Summary
