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ADVANCEMENTS

IN INSECT

BIODIVERSITY

Editor

Rajiv K. Gupta

Agrobios (India)

Editor:

Dr. Rajiv K. Gupta Associate Professor Department of Zoology Jai Narain Vyas University Jodhpur 342 005, India Phone: +91-291-2726666 E-mail: [email protected]

Published by:

Agrobios (India) Agro House, Behind Nasrani Cinema Chopasani Road, Jodhpur 342 002, India Phone: +91-291-2642319, Fax: 2643993 E-mail: [email protected]

All Rights Reserved (2012) First Published: 2004 Reprinted: 2007, 2009 Reprinted: 2012

All rights reserved. No part of this book or part thereof, including the title of the book, be reprinted in any from or language without the written permission of the author/s and the publisher.

ISBN (10): 81-7754-208-7 ISBN (13): 978-81-7754-208-0 Price: Rs. 1800.00 / US$ 90.00

Standered disclaimer: The opinions and views expressed in individual publications belong to their author/s, not of the editor or the publisher.

Published by: Dr. Updesh Purohit for Agrobios (India), Jodhpur Lasertypeset at: Yashee Computers, Jodhpur Cover Design by: Reena Printed at: Shyam Printing Press, Jodhpur

In memory of

Late Prof. M. S. Mani my teacher

School of Entomology, St. John’s College, Agra who will survive forever through us...

A humble presentation … to my teacher Dr. Santokh Singh Former Head School of Entomology and Department of Zoology St. John’s College Agra …

PREFACE

Bharat or Bharatavarsha in Hindi and India in English is the country that occupies the greater part of South Asia. It is a constitutional republic consisting of 28 states and 7 union territories. More than one-sixth of the world's total population (1,014,004,000 people estimated in year 2001) lives here, the second most populous country, after China. The land of India - together with its ancient companions Bangladesh and Pakistan - forms a well-defined subcontinent, set off from the rest of Asia by the imposing northern mountain rampart of the Himalayas and by lesser adjoining mountain ranges to the west and east. In area, India ranks as the seventh largest country in the world, covering 3,166,414 squares Kms. just slightly more than 2 percent of the Earth's total land surface. India is bordered by six countries, measuring about 15,168 Kms. of which 5,686 Kms. is the coastline along Bay of Bengal and the Arabian sea. Lakshadweep in the Arabian Sea and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, which lie between the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea, are the union territories with enough of faunal and floral diversity.

The Great Himalayan range, Shivaliks, lesser high Vindhyachal, Satpura, Aravali, Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats are the altitudes occupying about 18% of the land area. They also build separate ecological territories responsible for the distribution of thousands of faunal and floral species. The Great Thar desert west to Aravali hills has substantial life biodiversity co-specific to the western deserts upto middle east and Egypt. The country is traversed by several major and minor rivers. The Doab of Ganga and Yamuna along with their hundreds of tributaries, Brahmputra, Narmada, Tapti, Mahanadi, Krishna, Godavari and Kaveri are the few to name with.

The climate of Indian region is more or less tropical. The variants are towards subtemperate or temperate moving onto the north in Himalaya becomes exclusively tropical moving towards south. North-central part of the country faces winters when sun shines at Equator but rest of southern peninsula remain almost homoeothermic with regard to temperature variation. Country is largely dependent upon Monsoon rains for its floral and ultimately its dependent faunal growth. The highest percentage of relative humidity varies from 85% to 95% and the lowest from 5% to 15%, depending upon various eco-geographical regions.

The great variation in eco-geography harbours thousands of floral species and ultimately their affiliated animal species. Apparently, almost all groups of fauna flourish well in this south Asian peninsular region. So as around 70,000 species of the insects.

This publication attributes to the biodiversity and biosystematics of various insect groups found in India. Insecta as a whole and in parts of it such as order Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Isoptera and Odonata, are well dealt with. Many authorities have made their contributions in imparting an overview of the insect fauna of the country and others have attributed for their specified regions or of various states.

The publications presented in this volume can be listed as: ‘Diversity of Indian beetle fauna’ presented by Dr. Pal, T. K. He has reviewed order Coleoptera enlisting 17,036 beetle records from India, and has made an overwhelming comparison with the Global record. Dr. Narendran, T. C. has explored the ‘Oriental species of genus Perilampus (Hymenoptera)’. He has added 9 species of the genus new to the world record and has subsequently presented an identification key for the 27 oriental species. Dr. Gupta, R. K. has presented ‘An overview of Bees of India’ detailing diversity of 60 genera with 633 species of bees recorded so far from modern Indian territories. Dr. Parui, P., Dr. D. Banerjee and Dr. B. Mitra have reported ‘141 genera of aquatic Diptera found in India’ in their fascinating publication. ‘Biosystematic revision of the carpenter bees of Indian region’ has been illustrated by Dr. Gupta, R. K. and Dr. D. Yanega. They have explained a taxonomic overview consisting of 45 species and subspecies of the genus Xylocopa found in Indian region. These works specifically refer to the oriental region, South Asian region or for the country as a whole.

In addition to these, several renowned authorities have reflected their expertise in the contributions made for the specific states/regions. Worth mentioning in this regard are: ‘Insect biodiversity in the states of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh’ (by Dr. Chandra, K.); ‘Dung beetles of India with special reference of Arunachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Gujrat and Rajasthan’ (by Dr. Sevak, R.); ‘A systematic database of the Odonata of Kerala’ (by Dr. Radhakrishnan, C. and Dr. K. G. Emiliyamma); ‘Insect biodiversity in the lakes of Ladakh region’ (by Dr. Maheshwari, G. and Dr. G. Maheshwari); ‘Termite check list for the state of Rajasthan’ (by Dr. Rathore, N. S. and Dr. A. K. Bhattacharyya); ‘A synoptic list of Gerromorpha (Heteroptera) of the Kerala state’ (by Dr. Thirumalai, G., Dr. C. Radhakrishnan and Dr. R. Suresh Kumar); ‘Bioindicator species of Chironomidae (Diptera) of high altitude lakes of Himalaya, India’ (by Dr. Maheshwari, G. and Dr. G. Maheshwari) and, ‘Ants of the arid zone of Rajasthan’ (by Dr. Tak, N.).

This book further presents two very special publications. The first one is by Dr. Raven, S. A. detailing about ‘Use of remote sensing and GIS in biodiversity conservation and planning’ and, the second is from Dr. Tyagi, B. K. concerning ‘Cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Thar Desert’.

I am grateful to all the above mentioned authors who contributed their expert writings in this volume of publication. Certainly, all have made great efforts and have provided their best outputs. Their extended cooperation has made this attempt a very useful and graceful asset for the extension of knowledge in the destined subject. I am further thankful to Dr. S. S. Purohit, a former Professor of Botany and, his son Dr. Updesh Purohit of Agrobios (India) whose endeavors moulded it to a rather more beautiful shape and help me establishing this work as an important land mark in the biodiversity of Indian insect fauna.

Dr. Rajiv K. Gupta 26 September, 2003 Associate Professor Department of Zoology Jai Narain Vyas University Jodhpur 342 005, India e-mail: [email protected] Ph.: +91-291-272 6666

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

1. BANERJEE, D. Diptera Section Zoological Survey of India New Alipore, Kolkata -700 053, India

2. BHATTACHARYYA, ASIT K. Desert Regional Station Zoological Survey of India Jhalamand, Pali Road, Jodhpur 342 005 [email protected]

3. CHANDRA, KAILASH Central Regional Station Zoological Survey of India 424 New Adarsh Colony Jabalpur-482 002, Madhya Pradesh E-mail: [email protected]

4. EMILIYAMMA, K. G. Western Ghats Field Research Station Zoological Survey of India Calicut - 673 002, India E-mail: [email protected]

5. GUPTA, RAJIV K. Department of Zoology Jai Narain Vyas University Jodhpur 342 005, India E-mail: [email protected]

6. MAHESHWARI, GEETA Department of Zoology B.S.A. College, Mathura

7. MAHESHWARI, GIRISH School of Entomology St. John’s College Agra 282 002, India E-mail: [email protected]

8. MITRA, BULGANIN Diptera Section Zoological Survey of India New Alipore, Kolkata -700 053

9. NARENDRAN, T. C. Systematic Entomology Laboratory Department of Zoology University of Calicut Kerala - 673 635, India E-mail: [email protected]

10. PAL, T. K. Zoological Survey of India M-Block, New alipore Kolkata- 700 053, India

11. PARUI, P. Zoological Survey of India M-Block, New alipore Kolkata- 700 053, India

12. PRASAD, M. Zoological Survey of India M-Block, New Alipore Kolatta - 700 053, India

13. RADHAKRISHNAN, C. Western Ghats Field Research Station Zoological Survey of India Calicut - 673 002, India E-mail: [email protected]

14. RATHORE, NARENDRA S. Desert Regional Station Zoological Survey of India Pali Road, Jhalamand, Jodhpur-342 005

15. RAVAN, SHIRISH A. Geomatics Group Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), (Min. of Commun. & Inform. Tech.) Pune University Campus Pune – 411007

E-mail: [email protected]

16. SEWAK, RAM Desert Regional Station Zoological Survey of India Pali Road, Jhalamand, Jodhpur-342 005

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