advancement of i & c technology over the last 50 years
TRANSCRIPT
8/8/2019 Advancement of I & C Technology Over the Last 50 Years
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/advancement-of-i-c-technology-over-the-last-50-years 1/12
Advancement of InstrumentationTechnology over the last 50 Years
1.1. IntroductionIntroduction2.2. Pneumatic InstrumentationPneumatic Instrumentation3.3. Analogue Electronic Instrumentation Analogue Electronic Instrumentation4.4. Digital InstrumentationDigital Instrumentation5.5. Instrumentation of the FutureInstrumentation of the Future6.6. RecapRecap
8/8/2019 Advancement of I & C Technology Over the Last 50 Years
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/advancement-of-i-c-technology-over-the-last-50-years 2/12
Advancement of InstrumentationTechnology over the last 50 Years
1.1. IntroductionIntroduction
2 .2 . Pneumatic InstrumentationPneumatic InstrumentationUsed widely in the O & G IndustryUsed widely in the O & G Industry No ignition sourceNo ignition source
Types :Types : Pressure transmitterPressure transmitter measures pressure, flow,measures pressure, flow,level and temperaturelevel and temperatureBasic Math'sBasic Math's Add , subtract, Sq. Root extraction Add , subtract, Sq. Root extractionChart RecordersChart Recorders
PID controllersPID controllers
3.3. Analogue Electronic Instrumentation Analogue Electronic Instrumentation4.4. Digital InstrumentationDigital Instrumentation5.5. Instrumentation of the FutureInstrumentation of the Future6.6. RecapRecap
8/8/2019 Advancement of I & C Technology Over the Last 50 Years
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/advancement-of-i-c-technology-over-the-last-50-years 3/12
Typical Pneumatic Transmitter
Moving PartsRequires Clean airBulky TubingSignal Delay & LeaksZero/Span interaction
Only Linear applicationsRequires Signal processing
Springloaded valve
Diaphragmassembly
Relay Unit
Baffle
20 ± 100kPa
8/8/2019 Advancement of I & C Technology Over the Last 50 Years
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/advancement-of-i-c-technology-over-the-last-50-years 4/12
Advancement of InstrumentationTechnology over the last 50 Years
1.1. IntroductionIntroduction2.2. Pneumatic InstrumentationPneumatic Instrumentation
3 .3 . Analogue Electronic Instrumentation Analogue Electronic Instrumentation Advances in Sensor, Op Advances in Sensor, Op- -Amps ,Transistor & IS circuits Amps ,Transistor & IS circuitsOutput SignalOutput Signal De facto standard 4 to 20 mADe facto standard 4 to 20 mA
4.4. Digital InstrumentationDigital Instrumentation5.5. Instrumentation of the FutureInstrumentation of the Future6.6. RecapRecap
8/8/2019 Advancement of I & C Technology Over the Last 50 Years
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/advancement-of-i-c-technology-over-the-last-50-years 5/12
Z ero/Span interaction
Linear applications
Limited Non±Linear use
Requires Signal processing
One-way communication
Analogue Electronic Transmitter
4 ± 20 mA
8/8/2019 Advancement of I & C Technology Over the Last 50 Years
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/advancement-of-i-c-technology-over-the-last-50-years 6/12
Advancement of Instrumentation Advancement of InstrumentationTechnology over the last 50 YearsTechnology over the last 50 Years
1.1. IntroductionIntroduction2.2. Pneumatic InstrumentationPneumatic Instrumentation3.3. Analogue Electronic Instrumentation Analogue Electronic Instrumentation
4.4. Digital InstrumentationDigital InstrumentationMass production IC Technology i.e. VVLSIMass production IC Technology i.e. VVLSI
Analogue sensor & Amplifier, A/D Convertor Analogue sensor & Amplifier, A/D ConvertorScaling factor, Linearization, Real world data etcScaling factor, Linearization, Real world data etcHART protocolHART protocol
5.5. Future InstrumentationFuture Instrumentation6.6. RecapRecap
8/8/2019 Advancement of I & C Technology Over the Last 50 Years
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/advancement-of-i-c-technology-over-the-last-50-years 7/12
Digital InstrumentationDigital Instrumentation
No Z ero/Span interaction
Non ±Linear applications
No Signal processing required (if digital output signal is used)
Multi-Drop Networking Capability(This concept is fully exploited in FieldbusInstrumentation)
Two-way digital communication
Interface with Asset ManagementSoftware (AMS )
Multi-variable instruments
4-20mA & H A RT
Microprocessor
Configuration
Units
Ranging (zero/Span)
Filtering
Diagnostics
Communications
HartCommunicator
HA RT Signal
ProcessControlSystem
4-20 mA
8/8/2019 Advancement of I & C Technology Over the Last 50 Years
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/advancement-of-i-c-technology-over-the-last-50-years 8/12
Advancement of Instrumentation Advancement of InstrumentationTechnology over the last 50 YearsTechnology over the last 50 Years
1.1. IntroductionIntroduction2.2. Pneumatic InstrumentationPneumatic Instrumentation3.3. Analogue Electronic Instrumentation Analogue Electronic Instrumentation4.4. Digital InstrumentationDigital Instrumentation
5 .5 . Instrumentation of the FutureInstrumentation of the FutureWireless Instrumentation Technically MatureWireless Instrumentation Technically Mature
Resolved almost all negative factors of its predecessorsResolved almost all negative factors of its predecessorsWireless Hart protocolWireless Hart protocol
Limitations of wireless instrumentationLimitations of wireless instrumentation
6.6. RecapRecap
8/8/2019 Advancement of I & C Technology Over the Last 50 Years
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/advancement-of-i-c-technology-over-the-last-50-years 9/12
W ireless Instrumentation Network
Battery power capacity is a major setback that is
the limiting the use of Wireless technology.
8/8/2019 Advancement of I & C Technology Over the Last 50 Years
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/advancement-of-i-c-technology-over-the-last-50-years 10/12
Energy Scavenging (aka Energy Harvesting)
RF signal towireless gateway
Hot Oil flowing in Pipeline
PowerManagementunit
Sensor/Lowpoweramplifier
Digitalelectronics
RFmodule
E nergyScavengingWirelessPressureTrans m itter
Heat Dissipationto cooler Am bientTe m perature
Processim pulseline
Peltierpowerchip
Connecting leads
Thermoelectric Generation (TEG)Temperature Gradients are used togenerate electricity.
Seebeck effect Peltier effect
Mechano-Electric Generation (MEG)Vibrations from running equipment is usedto generate electricity.
Piezoelectric effectT ypical Futuristic Instrumentation with Energy Scavenging
8/8/2019 Advancement of I & C Technology Over the Last 50 Years
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/advancement-of-i-c-technology-over-the-last-50-years 11/12
Advancement of InstrumentationTechnology over the last 50 Years
8 0 to 9 0¶ s
A dvances in A nalogueE lectronics viz. Op -
Am ps
Intrinsically safeCircuitry
A nalogue Instru m entsCoils & Magnets ±(Force Balance Principle)
0 - 10 V0 ± 5 V4 ± 20 mA
9 0 to 2000¶ s
A dvances in Digital;Technology viz.
LSI , VLSI , VVLSI
Microprocessor/ SOCtechnologies
S m art, solid state,User configurableInstru m ents.
4-20 mA withFSK H A RT Protocol
Foundation Fieldbus
2000 and beyond
Wireless data
trans m ission,
E nergy Scavenging
WirelessInstru m entation
Multivariable
Wireless signalTrans m ission
Intelligent nodes tosupport m eshnetworks.
Ti m e Fra m es
Pre - Cursors
Instru m entTechnology
SignalTrans m ission
7 0 to 8 0¶ s
Ex cellence in m assproduction of pneu m atic co m ponents.
Pneu m atic Instru m entsPneu m atic Relays(Force Balance Principle)
20 ± 100 KPaor
3 -1 5 psi