adopting multifunctional material systems · pdf file created with granta ces edupack v. 2015,...

by André Duarte B. L. Ferreira

July 2015

Adopting Multifunctional Material Systems

André Duarte B. L. Ferreira Adopting Multifunctional Material Systems

1. Introduction 2. State-of-the-art 3. Challenges 4. Methods 5. Future Work 6. Conclusions

2

3 min. 5 min. 1 min. 7 min. 0,5 min. 1 min. Total: 17,5min. Introduction

André Duarte B. L. Ferreira Adopting Multifunctional Material Systems

Motivation 1. Introduction 2. State-of-the-art 3. Challenges 4. Methods 5. Future Work 6. Conclusions

3

[1] [2] [3] [4]

[5] [6] [7]

André Duarte B. L. Ferreira Adopting Multifunctional Material Systems

An Exponential Growth of Interest

4

1. Introduction 2. State-of-the-art 3. Challenges 4. Methods 5. Future Work 6. Conclusions

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Jo u

rn al

A rt

ic le

s R

el at

ed t

o M

u lt

if u

n ct

io n

al

C o

m p

o si

te s/

S tr

u ct

u re

s o

r M

at er

ia ls

Year of Publication

In March 2015, data from EngineeringVillage.com

André Duarte B. L. Ferreira Adopting Multifunctional Material Systems

Definitions

5

a)

b)

1. Introduction 2. State-of-the-art 3. Challenges 4. Methods 5. Future Work 6. Conclusions

*[8-11]

* = adapted

André Duarte B. L. Ferreira Adopting Multifunctional Material Systems

Definitions

6

1. Introduction 2. State-of-the-art 3. Challenges 4. Methods 5. Future Work 6. Conclusions Material System

Material +

Structure

Each of these

five can be

multifunctional

Multifunctional Material System

StructureMaterial Composite

Composite

+ Structure

André Duarte B. L. Ferreira Adopting Multifunctional Material Systems

Definitions

7

Multiscale Composite

(CF+CNT)/Epoxy

Different fillers at different scale sizes

Composite

CF/Epoxy, (CF+GF)/Epoxy,

reinforced concrete

One or more fillers

Molecular Composite /

Hybrid Material

Organic-inorganic

hybrids, FGMs

Different constituents at a

molecular level

Hierarchical Composite

Many biological materials (bone,

nacre, wood,…)

Fillers at different scale sizes hierarchically

organized

1. Introduction 2. State-of-the-art 3. Challenges 4. Methods 5. Future Work 6. Conclusions

System Sensor Actuator Control Processor

Power

generation and

Storage

Passive l

Sensory l l

Active l l

Adaptive l l l

Intelligent l l l l

Autonomous l l l l l

André Duarte B. L. Ferreira Adopting Multifunctional Material Systems

Functions

8

1. Introduction 2. State-of-the-art 3. Challenges 4. Methods 5. Future Work 6. Conclusions

1. Autonomy o Self-healing/repairing; o Self-powered; o Self-monitoring/diagnostic/sensing; o Self-assembling;

2. Highly tailorable properties; 3. Structural; 4. Active sound/vibration damping; 5. Actuation and ability to engage in shape-changing; 6. Electrical/Thermal Isolation/Conductivity; 7. Heating and cooling; 8. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding; 9. Radiation protection, including lightning strike; 10. Light emission;

11. Energy storage; 12. Environmental: environmental remediation ability,

recyclability and biodegradability; 13. Bio/human-related: bio-compatibility, non-toxic,

able to change sensations related to the physical senses of human and other animals;

14. Chemical reaction functions: as catalyst, selective permeation;

15. Flame retardancy; 16. Information storage/processing capabilities; 17. Being able to be selectively functional: e.g. of

energy absorbing plastics; 18. Levitation and movement inducing; 19. Intelligence.

Functions/characteristics that future multifunctional composites ought to have:

André Duarte B. L. Ferreira Adopting Multifunctional Material Systems

State-of-the-art

9

1. Introduction 2. State-of-the-art 3. Challenges 4. Methods 5. Future Work 6. Conclusions

3min

André Duarte B. L. Ferreira Adopting Multifunctional Material Systems

Carbon Nanomaterials

10

1. Introduction 2. State-of-the-art 3. Challenges 4. Methods 5. Future Work 6. Conclusions

a) b) c) d)

Main applications: sensing, actuation, improving several composites’ properties

Graphene SWCNT MWCNT CNF

*[12]

André Duarte B. L. Ferreira Adopting Multifunctional Material Systems

Carbon Nanomaterials

11

1. Introduction 2. State-of-the-art 3. Challenges 4. Methods 5. Future Work 6. Conclusions

~ Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene

Created with Granta CES Edupack v. 2015, data from [13,14]

André Duarte B. L. Ferreira Adopting Multifunctional Material Systems

Carbon Nanomaterials

12

1. Introduction 2. State-of-the-art 3. Challenges 4. Methods 5. Future Work 6. Conclusions

Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene

Created with Granta CES Edupack v. 2015, data from [13,14]

André Duarte B. L. Ferreira Adopting Multifunctional Material Systems

Carbon Nanomaterials

13

1. Introduction 2. State-of-the-art 3. Challenges 4. Methods 5. Future Work 6. Conclusions

[15] adapted [16]

*[17] *[18]

André Duarte B. L. Ferreira Adopting Multifunctional Material Systems

Carbon Nanomaterials

14

1. Introduction 2. State-of-the-art 3. Challenges 4. Methods 5. Future Work 6. Conclusions

[19] [20]

*[21] *[22]

André Duarte B. L. Ferreira Adopting Multifunctional Material Systems

Carbon Nanomaterials

15

1. Introduction 2. State-of-the-art 3. Challenges 4. Methods 5. Future Work 6. Conclusions

[23]

[24]

André Duarte B. L. Ferreira Adopting Multifunctional Material Systems

Functionally Graded Materials

16

1. Introduction 2. State-of-the-art 3. Challenges 4. Methods 5. Future Work 6. Conclusions

a) b)

Main applications: Properties gradation, ?

[25,26]

André Duarte B. L. Ferreira Adopting Multifunctional Material Systems

Functionally Graded Materials

17

1. Introduction 2. State-of-the-art 3. Challenges 4. Methods 5. Future Work 6. Conclusions

a) b1)

b2)

b3)

b4)

A BProperties

FGM

Traditional Composite

Continuous/

smooth

grading

Discrete

grading

No

grading

b1)-b4): [26]

André Duarte B. L. Ferreira Adopting Multifunctional Material Systems

Piezoelectric Materials

18

1. Introduction 2. State-of-the-art 3. Challenges 4. Methods 5. Future Work 6. Conclusions

Monolithic

Thin films

Wafers

(Nano)fibers/wires

Materials Structures

Polycrystalline ceramic (PZT, PbTiO3, BaTiO3)

Single crystals (SiO2, LiNbO3 , LiTaO)

Polymeric (PVDF, co-polymer)

Solid/hollow macro and active

fiber composites

(MFCs and AFCs) Main applications: sensing, actuation and

energy harvesting

André Duarte B. L. Ferreira Adopting Multifunctional Material Systems

Piezoelectric Materials

19

1. Introduction 2. State-of-the-art 3. Challenges 4. Methods 5. Future Work 6. Conclusions Adapted [28] [29]

[30] *[31]

*[32] [33] *[34]

André Duarte B. L. Ferreira Adopting Multifunctional Material Systems

Shape Memory Materials

20

1. Introduction 2. State-of-the-art 3. Challenges 4. Methods 5. Future Work 6. Conclusions

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 N

u m

b er

o f

p u

b lic

at io

n s

Year of Publication

SMP

SMA

SMC

Main applications: •Actuation – a direct effect from the SME; •Magnetic sensitivity – by using ferromagnetic fillers; •Radiation sensitivity/opacity, namely RF, IR and UV – arise from the UV absorption properties of CNTs; •Electrical sensitivity/conductivity – by using electrically conducting fillers such as CNTs and carbon black; •Ability to change optical properties namely color and transparency; •Ability to change its water sensitivity/permeability – by changing the microstructure of the polymer; •High thermal conductivity – by using thermally conducting fillers as CNTs; •Self-healing; •With magnetic interference shielding – allowed by reinforcement with MWCNTs.

In March 2015, data from EngineeringVillage.com

André Duarte B. L. Ferreira Adopting Multifunctional Material Systems

Shape Memo