administrative, morphological and functional urban regions and metropolitan governance christian...
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Administrative, morphological and functional urban regions AndMetropolitan governance
Christian Vandermotten
Urbact, Lille, 12th February 2010
Institut de Gestion de l’Environnement et d’Aménagement du Territoire
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculté des Sciences
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MUA (morphological urban area) and FUA (functional urban area) vs. Administrative limits
• MUA : contiguous municipalities with more than 650 inhab./sq. km
• FUA : employment basin (> 10 % of the occupied active residents commuting towards the employment center)
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Stuttgart
Population (thousands, 2001)
• Stadtkreis : 585
• MUA : 1 703
• FUA : 2 878
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Torino
Population (thousands, 2001)
• Municipality : 857
• MUA : 1 308
• FUA : 2 059
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A more complex pattern is occuring when big FUAs are joining or overlapping, mainly in badly structured urban
systems, without strong historical core (e.a. : former coal-mining conurbations), or in trans-border FUAs
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The Belgian central metropolitan area
Population (thousands, 2001)
• (City of Brussels : 137)
• Brussels-Capital Region : 978
• Brussels MUA : 1 498
• Brussels FUA (including the secundary MUAs of Leuven and Aalst) : 2 933
• All the FUAs of the central metropolitan area : 5 000
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Lille transborder metropolitan area
Population (thousands, 2001)
• (City of Lille : 185)
• Communauté urbaine (Urban Community) : 1090
• Lille MUA : 925
• Lille FUA : 1 274
• All the FUAs of the Lille and former coal-mining basin, including the Belgian side :
3 103
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Ostrava basin
Population (thousands, 2001)
• City of Ostrava : 317
• Ostrava MUA : 365
• Ostrava FUA : 605
• All the FUAs of the basin :
1 035
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The basis of the problem of the territoriality of the metropolitan governance :
1. The consequences of the social inequalities inside the metropolitan area
2. The territorial frames of the legitimacy of the democratic representation
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The income evolution : growing disparities between the Region and its periurban fringe
(Evolution of the average income/ inhab. - belgium = 100)
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Some questions imposing a coherent frame at the scale of the metropolitan FUAs to solve the
contradictions
• Mobility
• Environmental matters
• Economical matters
• Social cohesion
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Mobility : more commuters, from further, towards Brussels-Capital Region
32 % 60 % 57 % 314 000 1991
28 %49 %51 %283 0001981
25 %34 %38 %246 0001970
13 %10 %25 %137 0001947
13 %……27 0001910
4 %……9 0001896
% commuting from > 50 km
% using private transports
% of the regional employment
Commuters
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Mobility
• Highways piercing the urban fabric and motormays politics vs. Urban life quality and keeping the inhabitants inside the city
• The logics of the Regional railways express systems : urban, periurban or national ?
• The question of the urban tolls
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The environmental matters
• Managing the water by basin
• Managing the periurban green areas : metropolitan and central urban area logics vs. Periurban municipalities logics
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The economical matters
• The problem of the manufacturing delocalisations is out-dated
• The shopping competitions
• The competitions for the location of offices (which is also a mobility matter)
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The social cohesion
• Between the central city and its periphery, but also between the central city various municipalities : how managing the question of the deprived populations ; bottom-up or top-down social mixity ?
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To summarize, the challenges of the success of the dense city
• An addition of municipalities
• An addition of municipalities, more or less cooperating together
• Specific cooperations for specific objectives
• Metropolitan bodies with a two-steps representation
• Metropolitan bodies with a direct representation
• Successive mergings
• National bodies
And how managing the citizens' participation when the local power is further away ?
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The challenges of the urban democracy :
– Which is (are) the scale (s) of the democratic legitimacy ?
– Which legitimacy for the citizens' associations and the local associations ?
– Which scale(s) for consultative or deliberative bodies ?
– The risks of the two-steps representation– At which scale deciding the tax-levels ?– Which representation for the foreigners at the
local level ?