Administrative Law

General Principles

— E.O. No. 292 (Administrative Code of 1987)— Blas F. Ople v. Ruben D. Torres, G.R. No. 127685, July 23, 1998— Central Bank v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-33022, April 22, 1975— Bacani v. NACOCO, G.R. No. L-9657, November 29, 1956— United States v. Dorr, G.R. No. 1051, May 19, 1903

Delegation of Powers to Administrative Agencies

— Pelaez v. Auditor General, G.R. No. L-23825, December 24, 1965— Lovina v. Moreno, G.R. No. L-17821, November 29, 1963— Pangasinan Trans. Co. v. Public Service Com. G.R. No. 47065, June 26, 1940— Cervantes v. Auditor-General, G.R. No. L-4043, May 26, 1952— Calalang v. Williams, G.R. No. 47800, December 2, 1940— People v. Vera, G.R. No. 45685, November 16, 1937— Alegre v. Collector of Customs, G.R. No. 30783, August 27, 1929— United States v. Tang Ho, G.R. No. L-17122, February 27, 1922— Cia. Gral. De Tabacos v. Board of Public Utility, G.R. No. 11216, March 6, 1916

Separation of Powers

— IN RE: Rodolfo U. Manzano, Adm. Matter No. 88-7-1861-RTC, October 5, 1988— Macariola v. Asuncion, Adm. Case No. 133-J, May 31, 1982— Garcia v. Macaraig, Jr., Adm. Case No. 198-J, May 31, 1971— Noblejas v. Teehankee, G.R. No. L-28790, April 29, 1968— Meralco v. Pasay Transport Co., G.R. No. 37878, November 25, 1932

Powers and Functions of Administrative Bodies

A. Rule-making Power

— Smart Communications, Inc. vs. NLRC, G.R. Nos. 151908 & 152063, August 12, 2003— Montecillo v. Civil Service Commission, GR No. 131954, June 28, 2001— Lupangco v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-77372, April 29, 1988— Manuel v. General Auditing Office, G.R. No. L-28952, December 29, 1971— Teoxon v. Members of the Board of Administrators (PVA), G.R. No. L-25619, June 30, 1970— Manaloto v. Miguel Santos, G.R. No. L-21262, December 31, 1965— Ollada v. Secretary of Finance, G.R. No. L-15397, October 31, 1960— Pascual v. Commissioner of Customs, G.R. No. L-10979, June 30, 1959— Philippine Lawyers Association v. Agrava, G.R. No. L-12426, February 16, 1959— Sy-Man v. Jacinto, G.R. No. L-5612, October 31, 1953— Olsen & Co. v. Aldanese, G.R. No. L-18740, March 29, 1922— Young v. Rafferty, G.R. No. 10951, February 14, 1916— People v. Lim Ho, G.R. No. L-12091 & L-12092, January 28, 1960— People v. Joliffe, G.R. No. L-9553, May 13, 1959— People v. Henderson, G.R. No. L-10829-30, May 29, 1959

1. Internal Rules— Interprovincial Autobus Co., Inc. v. Collector of Internal Revenue, G.R. No. L-6741, January 31, 1956— Maglunob v. NAFCO, G.R. No. L-6203, February 26, 1954— Olsen & Co. v. Hersytein and Rafferty, G.R. No. L-18740, March 29, 1922

2. Penal Regulations

— People v. Maceren, G.R. No. L-32166, October 18, 1977— United States v. Tupasi Molina, G.R. No. 9878, December 24, 1914— United States v. Barrias, G.R. No. 4349, September 24, 1908

3. Interpretative Rules— Philippine Blooming Mills v. SSS, G.R. No. L-21223, August 31, 1966— Victorias Milling Co., Inc. v. Social Security Systems, G.R. No. L-16704, March 17, 1962— Hilado v. Collector, G.R. No. L-9408, October 31, 1956

B. Quasi-judicial Functions

1. Inspection, Investigation and Adjudication— United Residents of Dominican Hill v. COSLAP, GR No. 135945, March 7, 2001— Federico Sandoval vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 133842, January 26, 2000— Marcopper Mining Corp. v. Bumolo, GR No. 139548, December 22, 2000— RCPI v. National Labor Relations Commission, G.R. No. 93237, November 6, 1992— EPZA v. Commission on Human Rights, G.R. No. 101476, April 14, 1992— Salazar v. Achacoso, G.R. No. 81510, March 14, 1990— Antipolo Realty Corp. v. National Housing Authority, G.R. No. L-50444, August 31, 1987— Galangi v. Abad, Adm. Matter No.699-CFI, February 28, 1980— David v. Villegas, G.R. No. L-36479, February 28, 1978— Civil Aeronautics Board v. Philippine Air Lines, G.R. No. L-40245, April 30, 1975— Evangelista v. Jarencio, G.R. No. L-29274, November 27, 1975— PLDT v. PSC, G.R. No. L-26762, L-26765, L-26779 & L-26799, August 31, 1970— Vivo v. Montesa, G.R. No. L-24576, July 29, 1968— Carmelo v. Ramos, G.R. No. L-17778, November 30, 1962— People v. Mendoza, G.R. No. L-5059-60, January 30, 1953— Espinosa v. Makalintal, G.R. No. L-1334, August 29, 1947— Ang Tibay v. Court of Industrial Relations, G.R. No. 46496, February 27, 1940— United States v. Barrias, G.R. No. 4349, September 24, 1908— Weigall v. Shuster, G.R. No. 1435, September 28, 1908

2. Determination of Sufficiency of Standards— People v. Jollife, G.R. No. L-9553, May 13, 1959— PACU v. Sec. of Education, G.R. No. L-5279, October 31, 1955— Cervantes v. Auditor General, G.R. No. L-4043, May 26, 1952— People v. Rosenthal, G.R. No. 46076 & 46077, June 12, 1939— International Hardwood & Veneer Co. v. Pangil Federation of Labor, G.R. No. 47178, November 25, 1940— Rubi v. Provincial Board of Mindoro, G.R. No. 14078, March 7, 1919

C. Executive and Administrative Functions

1. Issuance or Revocation of Licenses, Permits, and Leases— Philippine Association of Service Exporters, Inc. v. Torres, G.R. No. 101279, August 6, 1992— Cohon v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 83542, August 20, 1990— Pantranco South Express, Inc. v. Board of Transportation, G.R. No. 49664-67, November 22, 1990— Gonzalo Sy Trading v. CBP, G.R. No. L-41480, April 30, 1976— Lacuesta v. Herrera, G.R. No. L-33646, January 28, 1975

2. Fixing of Rates, Wages and Prices— Maceda v. Energy Regulatory Board, G.R. No. 95203-05 & 95119-21, December 18, 1990— Philippine Communications Satellite Corp. v. Alcuaz, G.R. No. 84818, December 18, 1989— Bautista v. Board of Energy, G.R. No. 75016, January 13, 1989— Vigan Electric Light Co., Inc. v. Public Service Commission, G.R. No. L-19850, January 30, 1964— MERALCO v. Public Service Commission, G.R. No. L-16005, April 28, 1962

— Panay Autobus Co. v. Phil Railway Co., G.R. No. 37869, February 17, 1933— Ychausti Co. v. Public Utility Commissioner, G.R. No. 17665, January 9, 1922

D. Governmental or Proprietary Functions

— Blaquera v. Alcala, G.R. No. 109406, September 11, 1998

Administrative Adjudication

A. Constitutional Provisions

1) Due Process

1. Cardinal Primary Rights— Lupo v. Administrative Action Board, G.R. No. 89687, September 26, 1990— Villa v. Lazaro, G.R. No. 69871, August 24, 1990— New Filipino Maritime v. Rivera, G.R. No.L-45359, June 15, 1978— Montemayor v. Araneta University, G.R. No. L-44251, May 31, 1977— American Cyanamid v. Dir. of Patents, G.R. No. L-23954, April 29, 1977— Abuan v. Valera, G.R. No. L-42452, August 10, 1976— Air Manila v. Balatbat, G.R. No. L-29064, April 29, 1971— Lim v. Sec. of Agriculture, G.R. No. L-26990, August 31, 1970— Hernando v. Francisco, G.R. No. L-18138, May 19, 1966— ASPREC v. Itchon, G.R. No. L-21685, April 30, 1966— Borja v. Moreno, G.R. No. L-16487, July 31, 1964— Danan v. Aspillera, G.R. No. L-17305, November 28, 1962— Ang Tibay v. Court of Industrial Relations, G.R. No. 46496, February 27, 1940

B) Notice and Hearing

1. When required— Mabuhay Textile Mills Corp. v. Ongpin, G.R. No. L-67784, February 28, 1986— Ricamara v. Subido, G.R. No. L-28801, June 25, 1980— Macabuhay v. Manuel, G.R. No. L-40872, December 5, 1978— Borja v. Florencio Moreno, G.R. No. L-16487, July 31, 1964— Commissioner of Immigration v. Fernandez, G.R. No. L-22696, May 29, 1964— Vigan Electric v. Public Service Com., G.R. No.L-19850, January 30, 1964— National Development Co. v. Collector of Customs, G.R. No. L-19180, October 31, 1963— Halili v. Public Service Commission, G.R. No. L-5948, April 29, 1953

2. When not required— Assistant Executive Secretary v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 76761, January 9, 1989— De Bisschop v. Galang, G.R. No. L-18365, May 31, 1963— Suntay v. People, G.R. No. L-9430, June 29, 1957

3. Rules of Procedure— Maribojoc v. Pastor de Guzman, G.R. No. L-14724, October 26, 1960— Phil. Lawyer's Assn. v. Agrava, G.R. No. L-12426, February 16, 1959— Goseco v. Court of Industrial Relations, G.R. No. 46673, September 13, 1939

4. Form of Judgment— Gracilla v. Court of Industrial Relations, G.R. No. L-24489, September 28, 1968— Serrano v. Public Service Commission, G.R. No. L-24165, August 30, 1968— Tacloban Electric v. Medina, G.R. No. L-24362, February 26, 1968

5. Board to deliberate collectively not individually

— Arocha v. Vivo, G.R. No. L-24844 & L-24853, October 26, 1967

6. Promulgation of Judgment— Lianga Bay Logging Co. v. Lopez Enage, G.R. No. L-30637, July 16, 1987— Neria v. Commissioner of Immigration, G.R. No. L-24800, May 27, 1968

7. Evidence must be substantial— Banco Filipino v. Monetary Board, Central Bank, G.R. No. 70054, December 11, 1991— Meralco v. National Labor Relations Commission, G.R. No. L-60054, July 2, 1991— Police Commission v. Lood, G.R. No. L-34637, February 24, 1984

8. Decision-making— Aquino-Sarmiento v. Morato, G.R. No. 92541, November 13, 1991— Mison v. Commission on Audit, G.R. No. 91429, July 13, 1990— De Leon v. Heirs of Reyes, G.R. No. L-74687, November 12, 1987— Zambales Chromite Mining Co. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-49711, November 7, 1979— New Filipino Maritime Agencies, Inc. v. Rivera, G.R. No. L-45359-60, June 15, 1978— Philippine Manufacturing Co. v. Ang Bisig ng PMC, G.R. No. L-18091, June 29, 1963

9. Administrative Appeals— Administrative Code of 1987, Chapter 4, Book 7, Secs. 19-24— Miralles v. Go, GR No. 139943, January 18, 2001— Fabian vs. Desierto, G.R. No. 129742, September 16, 1998— Mendez v. Civil Service Commission, G.R. No. 95575, December 23, 1991— Meris v. Cuesta, G.R. No. L-28780, February 18, 1970— Pabiling v. Parinacio, G.R. No. L-22682, July 23, 1968— Antique Sawmill v. Zayco, G.R. No. L-20051, May 30, 1966— Uichanco v. Secretary of Agriculture, G.R. No. L-17328, March 30, 1963— Miguel v. Reyes, G.R. No. L-4851, July 31, 1953

B. Jurisdiction and competence

— Lao Gi v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 81798, December 29, 1989— Albano v. Reyes, G.R. No. 83551, July 11, 1989— Tejada v. Homestead Property Corporation, G.R. No. 79622, September 29, 1989— Gordon v. Veridiano II, G.R. No. L-55230, November 8, 1988— Guerzon v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-77707, August 8, 1988— Lagua v. Cusi, Jr., G.R. No. L-44649, April 15, 1988— Tropical Homes Inc. v. National Housing Authority, G.R. No. L-48672, July 31, 1987— Filipinas Shell Petroleum Corp. v. Oil Industry Com., G.R. No. L-41315, November 13, 1986— Boiser v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-61438, June 24, 1983— Cruz de Syquia v. Board of Power and Water Works, G.R. Nos. L-42783-85, November 29, 1976— RCPI v. Board of Communications, G.R. Nos. L-43653 & L-45378, November 29, 1977— Miller v. Mardo, G.R. No. L-15138, July 31, 1961— La Union Labor v. Phil. Tobacco, G.R. No. L-14087, June 30, 1960— Roxas v. Sayoc, G.R. No. L-8502, November 29, 1956

C. Objectivity and Impartiality

— Nuclear Free Philippines v. National Power Corp., G.R. Nos. L-68474 & L-70632, February 11, 1986

D. Administrative and judicial proceeding arising from the same facts

— Office of the Court Administrator v. Enriquez, Adm. Matter No. P-89-290, January 29, 1993— Villanos v. Subido, G.R. No. L-23169, May 31, 1972— Philippine National Railways v. Domingo, G.R. No. L-30772, October 29, 1971

— People v. Consigna, G.R. No. L-18087, August 31, 1965— Co San v. Director of Patents, G.R. No. L-10563, February 23, 1961— Cornejo v. Naval, G.R. No. 33648, July 30, 1930

E. Rules of Evidence

— Rizal Light & Ice Co., Inc. v. Mun. of Morong, Rizal, G.R. Nos. L-20993 & L-21221, September 28, 1968— Buan v. Pampanga Bus Co., G.R. Nos. L-7996-99, May 31, 1956— Halili v. Floro, G.R. No. L-3465, October 25, 1951

F. Res judicata

— DOJ Opinion No. 143-60— DOJ Opinion No. 23-52— DOJ Opinion No. 91-58— San Luis v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 80160, June 26, 1989— Meris v. Cuesta, G.R. No. L-28780, February 18, 1970— Commissioner of Immigration v. Fernandez, G.R. No. L-22696, May 29, 1964— Ipekdjian Merchandising Co. v. Court of Tax Appeals, G.R. No. L-15430, September 30, 1963— Ong Se Lun v. Board of Immigration, G.R. No. L-6017, September 16, 1954

G. Constitutional prohibition

— Art. VI of the 1987 Constitution, Sec. 14

H. Administrative settlement of dispute between government offices

— Phil. Veterans Investment Development Corporation v. Velez, G.R. No. 84295, July 18, 1991

Administrative Enforcement and Sanctions

A. Methods of Enforcement

a. Investigation— PD 1296, Sec. 185 (i)— PD 902-A, Sec. 6(e), Sec. 6(b)— PD 442, as amended, Arts. 218(b), (d), 229— Public Service Act (CA 146), as amended, Sec. 6, Sec. 39— RA 1267, Sec. 8— Evangelista v. Jarencio, G.R. No. L-29274, November 27, 1975— Central Bank v. Cloribel, G.R. No. L-26971, April 11, 1972— Matute v. Court of Appeals, G.R. Nos. L-26751, L-26085 & L-26106, January 31, 1969— Pascual Jr. v. Board of Medical Examiners, G.R. No. L-25018, May 26, 1969— Cabal v. Kapunan, Jr., G.R. No. L-19052, December 29, 1962— Carmelo v. Armando Ramos, G.R. No. L-17778, November 30, 1962— Masangkay v. Comelec, G.R. No. L-13827, September 28, 1962— Guevarra v. Comelec, G.R. No. L-12596, July 31, 1958— In re Kelly, G.R. No. 11715, December 21, 1916— Slade Perkins v. Director of Prisons, G.R. No. 39676, June 30, 1933— United States v. Loo Hoe, G.R. No. 12473, September 18, 1917

b. Summary Powers— Churchill v. Rafferty, G.R. No. 10572, December 21, 1915

c. Administrative Sanctions

— CA 146, Sec. 21, 16(a), 16(n)— CA 466, as amended— CA 613— RA 1937— Civil Aeronautics Board v. Philippine Air Lines, G.R. No. L-40245, April 30, 1975— Forbes v. Chuoco Tiaco, G.R. No. 6157, July 30, 1910— Weigall v. Shuster, G.R. No. 1435, September 28, 1908

d. Judicial Action— CA146, Sec. 22— CA 83, Sec. 31 (e)— Act 3428— RA 2382, Sec. 29, Medical Act of 1959— Pastoral v. WCC, GR L-12903, July 31, 1961— Fuentes v. Binamira, GR L-14965, August 31, 1961

Judicial Review

A. Constitutional Provisions

— Sec. 1, Art. VIII, 1987 Constitution— 1987 Administrative Code

1. Finality of Administrative Action— King Integrated Security Services, Inc., et al. vs. Galo S. Gatan, G.R. No. 143813, July 7, 2003— Cosmos Bottling Corp. vs. NLRC, et al., G.R. No. 146397, July 1, 2003— Republic of the Phil. Represented by ERB vs. MERALCO, G.R. Nos. 141314 & 141369, April 9, 2003— Roberto Dollar Cp. v. Tuvera, G.R. No. L-58910, July 5, 1983— San Miguel v. Secretary of Labor, G.R. No. L-39195, May 16, 1975— Manuel v. Villena, G.R. No. L-28218, February 27, 1971— Uy v. Palomar, G.R. No. L-23248, February 28, 1969— Antique Sawmills, Inc. v. Zayco, G.R. No. L-20051, May 30, 1966— Sotto v. Ruiz, G.R. No. 17419, March 18, 1921

2. Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies— PHIC vs. Chinese General Hospital, et al., GR No. 163123, April 15, 2005— DAR vs. Apex Investment and Financing Corp., G.R. No. 149422, April 10, 2003— Wenonah L. Marquez-Azarcon vs. Charito Bunagan, et al., G.R. No. 124611 March 20, 2003— Gualberto Castro vs. Ricardo Gloria, G.R. No. 132174, August 20, 2001— Joel Bito-Onon v. Judge Nelia Yap Fernandez, G.R. 139813, January 31, 2001— Heirs of Pedro Atega v. Ernesto Garilao, GR No. 133806, April 20, 2001— Gonzales v. CA, GR No. 106028, May 9, 2001— Cuevas v. Bacal, GR No. 139382, December 6, 2000— Paat v. CA, G.R. No. 111107, January 10, 1997— Carale v. Abarintos, G.R. No. 120704, March 3, 1997— Villaflor v. CA, G.R. No. 95694, October 9, 1997— Earth Minerals Exploration, Inc. v. Macaraig, Jr., G.R. No. 78569, February 11, 1991— Brett v. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. Nos. 74223, 77098, November 27, 1990— Industrial Enterprises, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 88550, April 18, 1990— Aguinaldo Industries Corp. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, G.R. No. L-29790, February 25, 1982— Quasha v. Securities and Exchange Commission, G.R. No. L-47536, May 31, 1978— Pestanas v. Dyogi, G.R. No. L-25786, February 27, 1978— Benguet Exploration v. Sec. of Agriculture, G.R. No. L-29534, February 28, 1977— Bagatsing v. Ramirez, G.R. No. L-41631, December 17, 1976— Roque v. Director of Lands, G.R. No. L-25373, July 1, 1976

— Reyes v. Subido, G.R. No. L-27916, August 21, 1975— Mata v. San Diego, G.R. No. L-30447, March 21, 1975— Nation Multi-Service Labor Union v. Agcaoili, G.R. No. L-39741, May 30, 1975— Arrow Transportation Corp. vs. Board of Transportation, G.R. No. L-39655, March 21, 1975— Quintos v. National Stud Farm, G.R. No. L-37052, November 29, 1973— Cipriano v. Marcelino, G.R. No. L-27793, February 28, 1972— Macailing v. Andrada, G.R. L-21607, January 30, 1970— Cucharo v. Subido, G.R. No. L-27887, February 22, 1971— Arsenia Guardiano v. Encarnacion, G.R. No. L-23396, August 29, 1969— Commissioner of Immigration v. Go Tieng, G.R. No. L-22581, May 21, 1969— Dajao v. Padilla, G.R. No. L-23876, February 22, 1966— Alzate v. Aldana, G.R. No. L-14407, February 29, 1960— Azuelo v. Arnaldo, G.R. No. L-15144, May 26, 1960— Baladjay v. Castrillo, G.R. No. L-14756, April 26, 1961— Bongcawil v. Provincial Board, G.R. No. L-20368, February 28, 1964— Calo v. Fuertes, G.R. No. L-16537, June 29, 1962— Corpus v. Cuaderno, G.R. No. L-17860, March 30, 1962— Llarena v. Lacson, G.R. No. L-15696, May 30, 1960— De Lara, Jr. v. Cloribel, G.R. No. L-21653, May 31, 1965— Delos Santos v. Limbaga, G.R. No. L-15976, January 31, 1962— Demaisip v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-13000, September 25, 1959— Fernandez v. Cuneta, G.R. No. L-14392, May 30, 1960— Gonzales v. Aldana, G.R. No. L-14576, April 27, 1960— Gonzales v. Provincial Auditor of Iloilo, G.R. No. L-20568, December 28, 1964— Ham v. Bachrach, G.R. No. L-13677, October 31, 1960— Madriñan v. Sinco, G.R. No. L-14559, November 29, 1960— Marinduque Iron v. Secretary of Public Works, G.R. No. L-15982, May 31, 1963— Philamlife v. Social Security Commission, G.R. No. L-20383, May 24, 1967— Tapales v. President of Board of Regents, G.R. No. L-17523, March 30, 1963— Tiangco v. Hercules Iron Mines, G.R. No. L-22662, October 30, 1969— Yap v. Salcedo. G.R. L-13920, December 24, 1959— Natividad v. Veterans Backpay Com., G.R. No. L-12944, March 30, 1959— Pascual v. Provincial Board of Nueva Ecija, G.R. No. L-11959, October 31, 1959— Acting Collector of Customs v. Court of Tax Appeals, G.R. No. L-8811, October 31, 1957— Ursal v. Court of Tax Appeals, G.R. No. L-10123 & L-10355, April 26, 1957— Wee Poco v. Posadas, G.R. No. 43142, August 26, 1937

B. Modes of Judicial Review

1. Statutory— Sec. 11, Art. XII, 1987 Constitution— Sec. 2(2), Art. XII, 1987 Constitution— RA 1267 as amended by RA 1409, Sec. 13— CA 146, Sec 36, as amended— CA 83, Sec. 35— Rule 43, Sec. 4, Rules of Court— RA 165, Secs. 33, 61-62— RA 1125, Secs. 11, 18— Sotto v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. L-329, April 16, 1946

2. Non-Statutory Methods— Cornelio v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-24334, September 30, 1969— Alejo v. Garchitoren, G.R. No. L-2326, May 31, 1949— Lao Tang Bun v. Fabre, G.R. No. L-1673, October 22, 1948— Chua Go v. Insular Collector of Customs, G.R. No. 40684, February 17, 1934— Ortua v. Singson Encarnacion, G.R. No. 39919, January 30, 1934

— Fernandez Uy Tana v. Insular Collector of Customs, G.R. No.35129, August 15, 1931— Carmona v. Aldanese, G.R. No. 33062, September 10, 1930— Marquez v. Board of Medical Examiners, G.R. No. 24119, August 8, 1925— Blanco v. Board of Medical Examiners, G.R. No. L-22911, September 23, 1924— Sotto v. Ruiz, G.R. No. 17419, March 18, 1921— Bayani v. Collector, G.R. No. L-13283, January 23, 1918— United States v. Gomez, G.R. No. 9651, August 4, 1915— Ang Eng Chong v. Collector, G.R. No. 7096, December 12, 1912

3. Collateral Methods— Art. VIII, Sec. 5, 1987 Constitution— Art. IX-A, Sec. 7, 1987 Constitution— SC Circular 1-91, February 27, 1991— Revised Rules of Court— Lina v. Carino, G.R. No. 100127, April 23, 1993— Asset Privatization Trust v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 101344, October 1, 1992— Rivera v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 95336, July 12, 1991— Board of Commissioners (CID) v. Dela Rosa, G.R. Nos. 95122-23, May 31, 1991— Allied Broadcasting Center, Inc. v. Republic of the Philippines, G.R. No. 91500, October 18, 1990— Floreza v. Ongpin, G.R. No. 81356, February 26, 1990— Binamira v. Garrucho, Jr., G.R. No. 92008, July 30, 1990— Medrana v. Office of the President, G.R. No. 85904, August 21, 1990— Tesorero v. Mathay, G.R. No. 69592, May 8, 1990— Luz Farms v. Secretary of the Department of Agrarian Reform, G.R. No. 86889, December 4, 1990— Marcos v. Manglapus, G.R. No. 88211, September 15, 1989— Valmonte v. Belmonte, Jr., G.R. No. 74930, February 13, 1989— Yu v. Defensor-Santiago, G.R. No. 83882, January 24, 1989— Almine v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 80719, September 26, 1989— Antonio v. Tanco, Jr., G.R. No. L-38135, July 25, 1975— Assistant Executive Secretary v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 76761, January 9, 1989— Board of Medical Education v. Alfonso, G.R. No. 88259, August 10, 1989— Datiles and Company v. Sucaldito, G.R. N. 42380, June 22, 1990— Dionisio v. Paterno, G.R. No. L-49654, July 23, 1980— Filipinas Marble Corporation v. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. L-68010, May 30, 1986— Garcia v. The Board of Investments, Dept. of Trade and Industries, G.R. No. 92024, November 9, 1990— Laurel v. Garcia, G.R. No. 92013, July 25, 1990— Lemi v. Valencia, G.R. No. L-20768, February 28, 1963— Limjap v. Animas, G.R. No. L-53334, January 17, 1985— Mejoff v. Director of Prisons, G.R. No. L-4254, September 26, 1951— National Dental Supply, Co. v. Meer, G.R. No. L-4183, October 26, 1951— National Power Corporation v. Vera, G.R. No. 83558, February 27, 1989— Ng Gioc Liu v. Secretary of Foreign Affairs, G.R. No. L-2175, March 31, 1950— Philippine Racing Club v. Bonifacio, G.R. No. L-11944, August 31, 1960— Policarpio v. Philippine Veterans Board, G.R. No. L-10062, August 28, 1956— Quintos-Deles v. The Constitutional Commission, G.R. No. 83216, September 4, 1989— Rueda v. Court of Agrarian Relations, G.R. No. L-13014, September 30, 1959— De Borja v. Villadolid, G.R. No. L-1897, November 28, 1949— Blanco v. Board of Medical Examiners, G.R. No. L-22911, September 23, 1924— Bayani v. Insular Collector of Customs, G.R. No. L-13283, January 23, 1918

C. Scope of Judicial Review

— Dauan v. Secretary of Agriculture and Natural Resources, G.R. No. L-19547, January 31, 1967— Lovina v. Moreno, G.R. No. L-17821, November 23, 1963— Timbancaya v. Vicente, G.R. No. L-19100, December 27, 1963

— Lao Tang Bun v. Fabbe, G.R. No. L-1673, October 22, 1948— Ang Tibay v. Court of Industrial Relations, G.R. No. 46496, February 27, 1940

1. Questions of law— Ortua v. Singson Encarnacion, G.R. No. 39919, January 30, 1934 (59 Phil 440)— Lorenzo v. McCoy, G.R. No. 5525, March 21, 1910

2. Questions of fact— RA 602, Sec. 7(a)— CA 141, Sec. 4— CA 103, Sec. 15— CA 146, Sec. 35— Benguet Exploration, Inc. v. Department of Agriculture, G.R. No. L-29534, February 28, 1977— Insular Life Employees Association-NATU v. Insular Life, G.R. No. L-25291, January 30, 1971— Manuel v. Villena, G.R. No. L-28218, February 27, 1971— Rico v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-25757, December 28, 1970— Lim v. Secretary of Agriculture, G.R. No. L-26990, August 31, 1970— Go kiong v. Commissioner of Immigration, G.R. No. L-21423, January 31, 1968— Castillo v. Rodriguez, G.R. No. L-17189, June 22, 1965— Batangas Transportation v. Rivera, G.R. No. L-14427, August 29, 1960— Cahilo v. De Guzman, G.R. No. L-13431, November 24, 1959— Halili v. Daplas, G.R. No. L-20282, May 19, 1965— Ice & Cold Storage v. Valero, G.R. No. 1871, November 18, 1949— Laguna Tayabas Bus v. Casunto, G.R. No. L-12726, May 20, 1960— Macatangay v. Secretary of Public Works, G.R. No. L-21673, May 16, 1966— National Shipyard v. CIR, G.R. No. L-20838, July 30, 1965— Ortua v. Singson, G.R. No. 39919, January 30, 1934— Police Commission v. Bello, G.R. Nos. L-29959-60, January 30, 1971— Pindangan Agricultural v. Dans, G.R. No. L-14591, April 25, 1962— RF Sugay v. Reyes, G.R. No. L-20451, December 28, 1964

3. Substantial Evidence Rule— RA 602, Sec. 7(a)— RA 1267, Sec. 13, as amended by RA 1409— Seven-Up Bottling v. Workmen’s Compensation Commission, G.R. No. L-31284, June 11, 1975— Insular Life Employees Association-NATU v. Insular Life, G.R. No. L-25291, January 30, 1971— Bermudez v. Fernando, G.R. No. L-18610, April 22, 1963— Insurefco Paper v. Insular Sugar, G.R. Nos. L-7594, & L-7596, September 8, 1954— Philippine Newspaper Guild v. Evening News, G.R. No. L-2604, April 29, 1950— Ang Tibay v. Court of Industrial Relations, G.R. No. 46496, February 27, 1940— Pangasinan Transport v. Public Service Commission, G.R. No. 47065, June 26, 1940

Additional Cases:— Mollaneda v. Umacob, GR No. 140128, June 6, 2001— Kenneth Neeland v. Ildefonso Villanueva, AM No. P-99-1316, August 31, 2001— Estelito Remolona v. Civil Service Commission, G.R. 137473, August 2, 2001— Ofelia Artuz v. Court of Appeals, Civil Service Commission, and Rene Bornales, G.R. 142444, Sept 13, 2001— Lacsasa M. Adiong v. Court of Appeals, G.R. 136480, December 4, 2001— Summary Dismissal Board of the Regional Appellate Board, PNP, Region VI, Iloilo City v. C/Insp. Lazaro Tarcita, GR 130442, April 6, 2000— Assn. of Phil. Coconut Desiccators v. Phil. Coconut Authority, G.R. No. 110526, February 10, 1998— David B. Corpuz v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 123989, January 26, 1998— Tomas Cosep v. People of the Phil., G.R. No. 110353, May 21, 1998— Zosimo Dimaandal v. COA, G.R. No. 122197, June 26, 1998— Eduardo Nonato Joson v. Ruben D. Torres, G.R. No. 131255, May 20, 1998

— Sangguniang Bayan of San Andres, v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 118883, January 16, 1998— Sergio V. Eamiguel v. Edilberto Ho, Adm. Matter No. 98-1263-P, March 6, 1998— Philippine Bank of Communications v. Torio, Adm. Matter No. P-98-1260, January 14, 1998— Felix P. Uy v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 126337, February 12, 1998— Vinta Maritime v. NLRC, G.R. No. 113911, January 23, 1998

Election Law

General Principles

— Art. XVII, Sec.2, 1987 Constitution— Art. X, Secs. 10, 11, 18, 1987 Constitution— Rep. Act 7160, Sec. 126, the Local Gov’t Code of 1991— Art. VI, Sec. 32, 1987 Constitution— Republic Act 6735, the Initiative and Referendum Act— Republic Act 7160, Secs. 120 - 124, the Local Gov’t Code of 1991— Art. X, Sec. 3, 1987 Constitution— Rep. Act 7160, Secs. 69 - 75— Art. II, Secs. 1 & 2, 1987 Constitution— Art. II, Sec. 26, 1987 Constitution— Art. XIII, Sec. 1, 1987 Constitution— Republic Act 4421— Art. V, Secs. 1 & 2, 1987 Constitution— Art. VI, Secs. 1-9, supersedes Art. III of BP 881— Taule v. Santos, G.R. No. 90336, August 12, 1991— Lazatin v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 80007, January 25, 1988— Villaroya v. Commission on Elections, G.R. Nos. L-79646-47, November 13, 1987— Sanidad v. Commission on Elections, G.R. Nos. L-44640, L-44648 & L-44714, October 12, 1976— Puñgutan v. Abubakar, G.R. No. L-33541, January 20, 1972— Javier v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. L-22248, January 30, 1965— Maquera v. Borra, G.R. Nos. L-24761 & L-24828, September 7, 1965— Moya v. Del Fierro, G.R. No. 46863, November 18, 1939— Garchitorena v. Crescini, G.R. No. 14514, December 18, 1918

The Commission on Elections

A. Purpose of the Commission

— Abcede v. Imperial, G.R. No. L-13001, March 18, 1958

B. Composition & Qualifications of Members

— Art. IX, Sec. 1, 1987 Constitution— Art. IX-C, Sec.1(1), 1987 Constitution

C. Appointment and Terms of Office of Members

— Art. IX-C, Sec.1(2), 1987 Constitution— Nacionalista Party v. Bautista, G.R. No. L-3452, December 7, 1949

D. Disabilities of Members

— Art. IX-A, Sec.2, 1987 Constitution— Art. VII, Sec. 13, 1987 Constitution— Art. VI, Secs. 13-14, 1987 Constitution

E. Constitutional Powers and Functions of the Commission

— Art. IX-C, Sec.2, 1987 Constitution— Balindong vs. COMELEC, et al., GR No. 153991-92, October 16, 2003— Federico Sandoval vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 133842, January 26, 2000

1. To Enforce Laws Relative to Conduct of Elections— Batas Pambansa Blg. 881 (The Omnibus Election Code)— Republic Act No. 6645 (Dec. 28, 1987), The Electoral Reforms Law (ERL) of 1987— Republic Act No. 6646 (Jan. 5, 1988)— Republic Act No. 7166 (Nov. 26, 1991)— Art. IX-C, Sec. 2(1), 1987 Constitution— Geronimo v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. L-52413, September 26, 1981— Aratuc v. Commission on Elections, G.R. Nos. L-49705-09, February 8, 1979— Demafiles v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. L-28396, December 29, 1967— Albano v. Arranz, G.R. No. L-19260, January 31, 1962— Pacis v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. L-28455, February 10, 1968— Javier v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. L-22248, January 30, 1965— Pelayo, Jr. v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. L-28869, June 29, 1968— Abes v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. L-28348, December 15, 1967— De Leon v. Imperial, G.R. No. L-5758, March 30, 1954— Abedante v. Relato, G.R. No. L-6813, November 5, 1953— Feliciano v. Lugay, G.R. No. L-6756, September 16, 1953

2. To Decide Election Contests— Sec. 9,Rep. Act. 6679— Soller v. COMELEC, GR No. 139853, September 5, 2000— Veloria v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 94771, July 29, 1992— Taule v. Santos, G.R. No. 90336, August 12, 1991— People v. Delgado, G.R. No. 93419-32, September 18, 1990— Javier v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. L-68379-81, September 22, 1986— Tagoranao v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. L-28598, March 12, 1968

3. To Deputize Law Enforcement Agencies— People v. Basilla, G.R. No. 83938-40, November 6, 1989

4. To Register Political Parties and Accredit Its Citizens' Arms— People v. Inting, G.R. No. 88919, July 25, 1990

5. To Investigate, Prosecute and File Petitions— Art. IX-C, Sec. 2 (6), 1987 Constitution

6. To Punish for Contempt— Guevara v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. L-12596, July 31, 1958— Masangcay v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. L-13827, September 28, 1962

7. To Regulate Public Entities and Media— Art. IX-C, Sec. 4, 1987 Constitution— United Democratic Opposition v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 56515, April 3, 1981

8. To Recommend for Pardon, Violators of Election Laws— Art. IX-C, Sec. 5, 1987 Constitution

F. Finality of Decisions

— Flores v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 89604, April 20, 1990

G. Hearing of election cases

— Art. IX-C, Sec. 3, 1987 Constitution— Sarmiento v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 105628, August 6, 1992

H. Election and Campaign periods

— Sec. 3, BP 881 (the Omnibus Election Code)— Rep. Act No. 7166, Sec. 5— Occeña v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. L-52265, January 28, 1980

I. Rendition of decision and judicial review

— Art. IX-A, Sec. 7, 1987 Constitution— Ernersto S. Mercado vs. Eduardo Barrios Manzano, G.R. No. 135083, May 26, 1999— Benjamin U. Borja vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 133495, September 3, 1998— Chavez v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 105323, July 3, 1992— Arao v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 103877, June 23, 1992— Lozano v. Yorac, G.R. No. 94521, October 28, 1991— Padilla v. Commission on Elections, G.R. Nos. 68351-52, July 9, 1985— Filipinas Engineering and Machine Shop v. Ferrer, G.R. No. L-31455, February 28, 1985— Aratuc v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. L-49705-09, February 8, 1979— Sumulong v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 48634, October 8, 1941— Luison v. Garcia, G.R. No. L-10981, April 25, 1958

J. Rules of Procedure

— Art. IX-A, Sec. 6, 1987 Constitution— COMELEC Rules of Procedure— Pangarungan v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 107435-36, December 11, 1992

K. Additional Functions

— Art. IX-A, Sec. 8, 1987 Constitution

L. Powers and Functions of the Comelec under the Omnibus Election Code

— BP 881, Sec. 52— EO 292-1987, Administrative Code of 1987

Requirements Before Election

A. Registration

— Rep. Act. No. 7166, Sec. 9— BP 881, Secs. 115, 116, 117— BP 881, Sec. 118— BP 881, Sec. 125— BP 881, Secs. 136, 138, 139— BP 881, Secs. 140, 142, 148— Rep. Act. No. 7166, Sec. 10— AKBAYAN-Youth v. COMELEC, GR No. 147066, March 26, 2001— Aportadera v. Sotto, G.R. No. L-16876, November 30, 1961— Faypon v. Quirino, G.R. No. L-7068, December 22, 1954— Anciano v. Otadoy, G.R. No. L-21267, February 28, 1969

— Abella v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 100710, September 3, 1991— De los Reyes v. Solidum, G.R. No. 42798, August 31, 1935

B. Precincts and Polling Places

— BP 881, Secs. 59, 149, 151-153, 157-160, 162, 184-186, 189— Republic Act. No. 7166, Secs. 8, 11, 23, 24

C. Certificates of Candidacy

— BP 881, Secs. 12, 66-67, 73, 77-78, 79(a)— Rep. Act. No. 7166, Sec. 7— Rep. Act. No. 6646, Secs. 4 and 6 (superseding Sec. 72 of BP 881)— Section 26, COMELEC Resolution No. 3636, March 1, 2001— Loong v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 93986, December 22, 1992— Labo, Jr., v. Commission on Elections, G.R. Nos. 105111 & 105384, July 3, 1992— Dimaporo v. Mitra, Jr., G.R. No. 96859, October 15, 1991— Abella v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 100710, September 3, 1991— Aznar v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 83820, May 25, 1990— Labo, Jr., v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 86564, August 1, 1989— Legaspi v. Espina, G.R. No. L-30680, September 30, 1970— Collado v. Alonzo, G.R. No. L-23637, December 24, 1965— Monroy v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-23258, July 1, 1967— Katigbak v. Mendoza, G.R. No. L-24477, February 28, 1967— Lambonao v. Tero, G.R. Nos. L-23240-42, December 31, 1965— Miralles v. Gariando, G.R. No. L-16584, May 23, 1961

Election Campaign and Expenditures

A. Campaign and Election Propaganda

— BP 881, Secs. 79-90, 92-93— Rep. Act. No. 7166, Sec. 5— Rep. Act. No. 6646, Secs. 9-11

B. Electoral Contributions and Expenditures

— BP 881, Secs. 94 (a), 94(b), 95-97, 104— Rep. Act. No. 7166, Secs. 13-14

C. Political Parties

— BP 881, Secs. 60-62— Rep. Act. No. 7166, Sec. 6— Lagasca v. De Vera, G.R. No. L-1649, October 29, 1947

The Election

A. Preliminary Considerations

— Rep. Act. No. 7166, Secs. 2-4, 26— Rep. Act. No. 6679, Sec. 1— BP 881, Secs. 5-6— Dipatuan v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No.86117, May 7, 1990

B. Casting of Votes

— Rep. Act. No. 7166, Sec. 12— BP 881, Secs. 190, 195-204— Rep. Act. No. 6646, Sec. 3— Bautista v. Castro, G.R. No. 61260, February 17, 1992

C. Counting of Votes

— BP 881, Secs. 164-165, 168, 206, 208, 210-213, 215— Rep. Act. No. 7166, Secs. 25, 27, 31— Rep. Act. 6646, Sec. 16— Bautista v. Castro, G.R. No. 61260, February 17, 1992— Cacho v. Abad, G.R. No. 43761, December 6, 1935— Antonio, Jr. v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. L-31604, April 17, 1970— Juliano v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-27477, July 28, 1967— Katigbak v. Mendoza, G.R. No. L-24477, February 28, 1967— Lloren v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-25907, January 25, 1967— Nalog v. De Guzman, G.R. No. L-25656, May 31, 1967— Conui-Omega v. Samson, G.R. No. L-21910, November 11, 1963— Ferraren v. Añonuevo, G.R. No. L-19275, November 29, 1963— Gabuya v. Dayao, G.R. No. L-20235, September 30, 1963— Pangontao v. Alunan, G.R. No. L-18926, November 30, 1962— Protacio v. De Leon, G.R. No. L-21135, November 8, 1963— Sarmiento v. Quemado, G.R. No. L-18027, June 29, 1962— Silverio v. Castro, G.R. No. L-23827, February 28, 1967— Tajanlangit v.Cazeñas, G.R. No. L-18894, June 30, 1962— Valenzuela v. Carlos, G.R. No. 17565, December 7, 1921— Villarosa v. Guanzon, G.R. No. L-19605, September 28, 1962— Delgado v. Tiu, G.R. No. L-14143, May 27, 1959

D. Canvass and Proclamation

— Rep. Act. No. 6646, Secs. 20, 22— Rep. Act. No. 7166, Secs. 28-30— BP 881, Secs. 11, 225, 227, 231, 240— Art. VII, Sec. 4, 1987 Constitution— Loren Legarda vs. De Castro, PET Case No. 003, March 31, 2005— Ronald Allan Poe vs. Macapagal-Arroyo, PET Case No. 002, March 29, 2005— Baterina v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 95347, January 6, 1992— Tatlonghari v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 86645, July 31, 1991— Abella v. Larrazabal, G.R. Nos. 87721 & 88004, December 21, 1989— Duremdes v. Commission on Elections, G.R. Nos. 86362-63, October 27, 1989— Sanchez v. Commission on Elections, G.R. Nos. L-78461, L-79146 & L-79212, August 12, 1987— Filipinas Engineering Co. v. Ferrer, G.R. No. L-31455, February 28, 1985— Aratuc v. Commission on Elections, G.R. Nos. L-49705-09, February 8, 1979— Anni v. Izquierdo, G.R. No. L-35918, June 28, 1974— Anni v. Rasul, G.R. No. L-34904, August 30, 1972— Medenilla v. Kayanan, G.R. Nos. L-28448-49, July 30, 1971— Tiglao v. Commission on Elections, G.R. Nos. L-31566 & L-31847, August 31, 1970— Lucman v. Dimapuro, G.R. No. L-31558, May 29, 1970— Ilarde v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. L-31446, January 23, 1970— Felix v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. L-28378, June 29, 1968— Demafiles v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. L-28396, December 29, 1967— Abes v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. L-28348, December 15, 1967— Espino v. Zaldivar, G.R. No. L-22325, December 11, 1967— Cauton v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. L-25467, April 27, 1967

— Purisima v. Salanga, G.R. No. L-22335, December 31, 1965— Lagumbay v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. L-25444, January 31, 1966— Miralles v. Gariando, G.R. No. L-16584, May 23, 1961

Contested Elections

— BP 881, Secs. 234-236, 241-243, 246-248, 251, 253, 264— Art. IX-C, Sec. 3, 1987 Constitution— Art. IX-C, Sec. 2(1), 1987 Constitution— Art. IX-C, Sec. 2(2), 1987 Constitution— Art. VI, Sec. 17, 1987 Constitution— Art. IX-C, Sec. 5, 1987 Constitution— Rule 27, Sec. 4 (a), The Comelec Rules of Procedure— Rep. Act. No. 3019, Secs. 8, 9, and 12— Rep. Act. No. 7166, Secs. 15-20, 22— Rules of Court, Rule 131, Sec. 5(m)— Rep. Act. No. 6646, Sec. 17— Alvarez v. COMELEC, GR No. 142527, March 1, 2001— Torres v. HRET, GR No. 144491, February 6, 2001— Baltazar v. COMELEC, GR No. 140158, January 29, 2001— Belac v. COMELEC, GR No. 145802, April 4, 2001— Labo, Jr., v. Commission on Elections, G.R. Nos. 105111 & 105384, July 3, 1994— Ong, Jr., vs. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 105717, December 23, 1992— Verceles v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 105227, September 18, 1992— Sarmiento v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 105628, August 6, 1992— Veloria v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 94771, July 29, 1992— Chavez v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 105323, July 3, 1992— Arao v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No.103877, June 23, 1992— Baterina v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 95347, January 6, 1992— Lerias v. House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal, G.R. No. 97105, October 15, 1991— Tatlonghari v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No.86645, July 31, 1991— Unda v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 94090, October 18, 1990— Agbayani v. Commission on Elections, G.R. Nos. 87440-42, June 13, 1990— Macias II v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 85642, February 12, 1990— Dipatuan v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 86117, May 7, 1990— Abella v. Larrazabal, G.R. Nos. 87721 & 88004, December 21, 1989— Duremdes v. Commission on Elections, G.R. Nos. 86362-63, October 27, 1989— Frivaldo v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 87193, June 23, 1989— Casimiro v. Commission on Elections, G.R. Nos.84462-63, March 29, 1989— Salvacion v. Commission on Elections, G.R. Nos. 84673-74, February 21, 1989— Cereno v. Dictado, G.R. No. L-81550, April 15, 1988— Sanchez v. Commission on Elections, G.R. Nos. L-78461, L-79146 & L-79212, August 12, 1987— Geronimo v. Ramos, G.R. Nos. L-60504, L-60591 & L-60732-39, May 14, 1985— De Castro v. Ginete, G.R. No. L-30058, March 28, 1969— Maliwanag v. Herrera, G.R. No. L-29193, September 26, 1968— Mutuc v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. L-28517, February 21, 1968— Aguam v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. L-28955, April 28, 1968— Alonto v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. L-2849, February 28, 1968— Florendo v. Buyser, G.R. No. L-24316, November 28, 1967— Macasundig v. Macalangan, G.R. No. L-22779, March 31, 1965— Luison v. Garcia, G.R. No. L-10981, April 25, 1958— Yalung v. Atienza, G.R. No. 30338, February 14, 1929

Election Offenses

— Art. IX-C, Sec. 2(1, 6), 1987 Constitution— BP 881, Secs. 261, 265, 268— Republic Act. No. 7166— Republic Act. No. 6646— Salvacion v. Commission on Elections, G.R. Nos. 84673-74, February 21, 1989— Corpus v. Tanodbayan, G.R. No. L-62075, April 15, 1987— De Jesus v. People, G.R. No. L-61998, February 22, 1983— Lacuna v. Abes, G.R. No. L-28613, August 27, 1968

Other Election Laws:— Republic Act 6636— Republic Act 6653— Republic Act 6679— Republic Act 8295 — Republic Act 9006 (Fair Election Act)— COMELEC Resolution No. 3636, March 1, 2001 (Rules and Regulations Implementing RA 9006)— Republic Act 9189 (The Overseas Absentee Voting Act of 2003)

Additional Cases:— Antonio Bernardo et al v. Benjamin Abalos, Jr., COMELEC, G.R. 137266, December 5, 2001— Dumayas, Jr. V. COMELEC, G.R. Nos. 141952-53, April 20, 2001— Go v. COMELEC, GR No. 147741, May 10, 2001— Navarro v. CA, GR No. 141307, March 28, 2001— Malabaguio v. COMELEC, GR No. 142507, December 1, 2000— Villarosa v. HRET, GR Nos. 143351 & 144129, September 14, 2000— Ong v. COMELEC, GR No. 144197, December 13, 2000— Rolando Columbres v. COMELEC, G.R. 142038, September 18, 2000— Afiado v. COMELEC, GR No. 141787, September 18, 2000— Torayno, Sr. v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 137329, August 9, 2000— Banaga, Jr. v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 134696, July 31, 2000— Arthur Velayo v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 135613, March 9, 2000— ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 133486, January 28, 2000— Marcita Mamba Perez v. Comelec, G.R. No. 133944, October 28, 1999— Miranda v. Abaya, G.R. No. 136351, July 28, 1999— Victorino Salcedo II v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 135886, August 16, 1999— Francis King Marquez v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 127318, August 25, 1999— Sunga v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 125629, March 25, 1998— Punzalan v. Comelec, G.R. Nos. 126669, 127900, 128800, 132435, April 27, 1998— Roquero v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 128165, April 15, 1998— Mastura v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 124521, January 29, 1998— Hassan v. Commission on Elections, et. al., G.R. No. 124089, November 13, 1996— Paras v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 123169, November 4, 1996— Beegan v. Borja, et. al, Adm. Matter Nos. P-95-1171 & 8733-Ret , September 16, 1996— Agujetas, et. al. v. Court of Appeals, et. al., G. R. No. 106560, August 23, 1996— Borja v. Commission on Elections, et. al, G.R. No. 120140, August 21, 1996— Cabagnot v. Commission on Elections, et. al, G.R. No. 124383, August. 9, 1996— Garay v. Commission on Elections, et. al. G.R. NO. 121331, August 28, 1996— Garcia v. Commission on Elections, et. al., G.R. No. 121139, July 12, 1996— Dela Torre v. Commission on Elections, et. al. G.R. No. 121592, July 5, 1996— Frivaldo v. Commission on Elections, et. al. G.R. No. 120295, June 28, 1996— Loong et., al. v. Commission on Elections, et. al., G.R. Nos. 107814-107815, May 16, 1996— Malaluan v. Commission on Elections, et. al., G.R. No. 120193, March 6, 1996— Naldoza v. Lavilles, Jr., Adm. Matter No. MTJ-94-1009, March 5, 1996— Rodriguez v. Commission on Elections, et. al., G.R. No. 120099, July 24, 1996— Patoray v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 120823, October 24, 1995— Aquino v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 120265, September 18, 1995

— Marcos v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 119976, September 18, 1995— Guieb v. Fontanilla, G.R. No. 118118, August 14, 1995— People v. Reyes, G.R. No.115022, August 14, 1995— Loyola v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 117186, June 29, 1995— Arroyo v. House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal, G.R. No. 118597, July 14, 1995— Padilla v. Commission on Elections, G.R. Nos. 68351-52, July 9, 1985— Rodillas v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 119055, July 10, 1995— Gatchalian v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 107979, June 19, 1995— Philippine Press Institute v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 119694, May 22, 1995— Reyes v. Regional Trial Court, G.R. No. 108886, May 5, 1995— Relampagos v. Cumba, G.R. No.118861, April 27, 1995— Mercado v. Board, G.R. No. 109713, April 6, 1995— Montejo v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 118702, March 16, 1995— Bince v. Commission on Elections, G.R. Nos. 111624-25, March 9, 1995— Mappala v. Nuñez, Adm. Matter No. RTJ-94-1208, January 26, 1995— Mitmug v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 106270-73, February 10, 1994 — Casimiro v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 84462-63, March 29, 1989— Cua v. Commission on Elections, G.R. Nos. L-80519-21, December 17, 1987— Miro v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. L-57574, April 20, 1983— Monroy v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-23258, July 1, 1967— Santiago vs. Ramos, P.E.T. Case No. 001, February 13, 1996— Kho v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 124033, September 25, 1997— De Castro vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 125249, February 7, 1997— De Castro v. Ginete, G.R. No. L-30058, March 28, 1969— Gardiner v. Romulo, G.R. No. 8921, January 9, 1914