administration of pharmacologic agents
TRANSCRIPT
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Administration of Pharmacologic Agents Prescription Elements/ AbbreviationsFive RightsDosage Routes & Forms The ALLERGY Reaction
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Prescription Orders
RX–Verbal orders–Telephone orders–Written orders–E-fill
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Prescription Elements ~~~ Patient’s name,
address, phone #, dob Date the Rx was
written Name of the
drug/device Strength, amount &
refills Signa – directions for
use
Prescriber’s name, title, address, phone #
Calif. License #, DEA number
DAW (Dispense as Written)
Prescriber’s signature
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Pharmacy Abbreviations ~~~ Measurement
(Amounts) Bodily Functions
(Conditions) Route Form (Delivery
System)
Drug References Time of
Administration Site of Administration
(Part of the Body) Pharmacy Instruction
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Five Rights of Drug Administration
Right Medicine Right Amount Right Time Right Route Right Patient #6! Right Documentation
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Reasons for Different Routes of Administration
Convenience Preferred route is unavailable Rapid onset of action is desired Target delivery of drug to specific site of
action Prolong duration of action
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DosageRoutes Forms Oral (by mouth)
– Swallowed– SL– Buccal
Parenteral (injection)– IV,IM,SQ
Topical– Applied to surface of
skin or mucous membranes
Tabs, caps, sol, elix, susp, lozenges, etc..
Solutions & suspensions
Ung, crm, ltn, otic, opth, inhalants, suppos
Rectal/vaginal Nasogastral
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The ALLERGIC Reaction
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Four Type of Allergic Reactions Type I (anaphylactic reaction)
– Immediate reaction that occurs in a previously sensitized person.
– sudden, severe bronchospasm & hypotension, followed by rapid death.
– N/V/convulsions, cyanosis, vascular collapse, cardiac arrest.
– Sample drugs: penicillins and cephalosporins.– TX: antihistamines, epinephrine &
bronchodilators.
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Type of Allergic Reactions cont.
Type II (cytotoxic reaction)– Autoimmune response involving drug and IgG or IgM.– Drugs: methyldopa, PCN, quinidine, procainamide– TX- remove medication
Type III (immune complex-serum sickness)– Delayed fever, angioedema, swollen lymph nodes– Drugs: PCN, Sulfas, Phenytoin
Type IV (delayed hypersensitivity reaction– Direct skin contact inflammatory reaction– Poison ivy/oak
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The ALLERGIC Response
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Natural Chemicals & ResponseHistamines*blood vessels dilate*increase capillary permeability/edema*uticaria/dermatitis*rhinitis*decrease vascular resistance/blood pressure*increase GI secretions*bronchial constriction
Prostaglandins*uterine spasms*relax arterial smooth muscle*decrease BP*increase HR/CO/RBF*increase loss of H20 and Na+*increase GI secretions*increase pain & inflammation
Leukotrienes*edema*increase mucus secretions*10-1000 times more potent than Histamine
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Summary Slide Understand the 5 /6
rights Recognize common
dosage forms Know routes of
administration Factors that influence
drugs effects Natural chemicals
action & response