adjectives notes (29 pages)

8/17/2019 Adjectives Notes (29 Pages)

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Forming adjectives

Adding ‘y’.Drop‘e’.

Add ‘ful’.* Change‘y’ to ‘i’.

Add ‘ous’ or‘ious’. *Drop ‘y’.

Add ‘less’.

anger care mountain aim

ease* doubt danger end

greed peace industry harm

ice* beauty* mystery* sense

oil pity* glory* use

Add ‘al’. * Drop‘e’.

Add ‘able’. Add ‘ic’.*Drop ‘y’. Add ‘ive’.

music accept acrobat attract

nation comfort artist eect

person enjoy photograph act

nature* fashion sympathy* instruct

agriculture* respect robot progress

Adjectives can be formed from Nouns.

Noun Adjective

accident accidental

danger dangerous

length long

star starry

ind indy

Adjectives can be formed from Verbs.

Verb Adjective

enjoy enjoyable

help helpful

obey obedient

play playful

tal! tal!ative

Adjectives can be formed from Adjectives.

Adjective Adjective

comic comical

correct corrective

elder elderly

red reddish

sic! sic!ly

Comparison of adjectives

• "e use the Positive degree to compare two equal nouns.For example: His house is as big as my house.

• "e use the Comparative degree to compare two unequal nouns.For example: His house is bigger than my house.


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• "e use the Superlative degree to compare three or more Nouns.

For example: His house is the biggest in the neighbourhood.

Positive Comparative Superlative

bold bolder boldest

deep deeper deepest

near nearer nearest

rich richer richest

tall taller tallest


careful more careful most careful

enjoyable more enjoyable most enjoyable

forgetful more forgetful most forgetful

useful more useful most useful

onderful more onderful most onderful

Positive Comparative Superlativebad orse orst

good better best

little less least

Comparison of Adverbs

$imilar to the comparison of adjectives% adverbs have three degrees of comparison &the Positive% the Comparative and the Superlative. 'ost adverbs hich end in ‘(l’ form the Comparative ith ‘more’ and the $uperlative ith ‘most’.

Positive Comparative Superlativecomfortably more comfortably most comfortably

happily more happily most happily

!indly more !indly most !indly

loudly more loudly most loudly

noisily more noisily most noisily

Forming Adverbs Adverbs can be formed from nouns% adjectives and verbs.

'ost adverbs end in ‘(l’.

)ouns Adjectives erbs Adverbs

beauty beautifully

success successfully

angry angrily

foolish foolishly

continue continually

!no !noingly


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C!""#C$%V# N!&NS

P#!P"#

an army of soldiersa bevy of beauties,girlsa band of musiciansa band of robbersa board of directorsa body of mena bunch of croo!sa caravan of gypsiesa choir of singers

a class of pupilsa class of studentsa company of actorsa company of soldiersa congregation of orshippersa cre of sailorsa crod of spectatorsa crod of peoplea dynasty of !ingsa gala-y of beautiful omena gala-y of lm stars

a gang of croo!sa gang of labourersa gang of prisonersa gang of robbers

a gang of thievesa horde of savagesa host of angelsa line of !ings,rulersa mob of riotersa group of dancersa group of singersa pac! of rascalsa pac! of thieves

a party of friendsa patrol of policemena posse of policemena regiment of soldiersa sta of employeesa sta of servantsa sta of teachersa team of playersa tribe of nativesa troop of scoutsa troupe of artistes

a troupe of dancersa troupe of performersa party of friends

$'%N(S

an album of autographsan album of photographs

an album of stampsan anthology of poemsan archipelago of islandsa bale of cottona bas!et of fruita batch of breada battery of gunsa bloc! of /atsa boo! of e-ercisesa boo! of notesa bou0uet of /oers

a bol of ricea bunch of bananasa bunch of /oersa bunch of grapes

a hail of bulletsa hand of bananas each a nger2

a harvest of heat,corna heap of rubbisha heap of ruinsa hedge of bushesa heap of stonesa layer of soil,dirta library of boo!sa line of carsa list of namesa mass of ruins,haira nec!lace of pearls

an outt of clothesan orchard of fruit treesa pac! of cardsa pac! of lies


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a bunch of !eysa bundle of rags,old clothesa bundle of reood,stic!sa bundle of haya catalogue of prices,goodsa chain of mountains

a chest of draersa cluster of coconutsa cluster of grapesa cloud of dusta clump of bushesa clump of treesa collection of coinsa collection of curiositiesa collection of picturesa collection of relics

a collection of stampsa column of smo!ea comb of bananasa compendium of gamesa constellation of starsa cluster of diamondsa cluster of starsa clutch of eggsa crate of fruita crop of applesa fall of rain

a fall of snoa /eet of motor(cars,ta-isa /eet of shipsa /ight of aeroplanesa /ight of stepsa forest of treesa gala-y of starsa garland of /oersa glossary of di4cultords,phrasesa group of islandsa grove of trees

a pac!et of cigarettesa pac!et of lettersa pair of shoesa pencil of raysa 0uiver of arrosa range of hills

a range of mountainsa ream of papera reel of thread,lma roll of lm,clotha rope of pearlsa ro of housesa series of eventsa set of chinaa set of clubsa set of tools

a sheaf of arrosa sheaf of corna sheaf of graina sheaf of papersa sheaf of heata shoer of blosa shoer of raina stac! of armsa stac! of corna stac! of haya stac! of timber

a stac! of ooda stoc! of ooda string of beadsa string of pearlsa suit of clothesa suite of furniturea suite of roomsa tuft of grassa tuft of haira ad of currency,notesa reath of /oers

AN%)A"S

an army of antsa bevy of 0uaila brood,/oc! of chic!ens

a catch of sha cloud of /iesa cloud of insectsa cloud of locusts

a litter of !ittensa litter of puppiesa menagerie of ild animals

a muster of peacoc!sa nest of antsa nest of micea nest of rabbits


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a colony of gullsa drove of cattlea drove of horsesa /ight of birdsa /ight of dovesa /ight of locusts

a /ight of sallosa /oc! of birdsa /oc! of geesea /oc! of sheepa gaggle of geesea haul of sha herd of bualoesa herd of cattlea herd of deera herd of elephants

a herd of goatsa herd of sinea hive of beesa host of sparrosa !indle of !ittensa litter of cubsa litter of piglets

a pac! of houndsa pac! of olvesa plague of insectsa plague of locustsa pride of lionsa school of herrings,other small a a

sha school of porpoisesa school of halesa shoal of sha s!ein of ild geese in /ighta string of horsesa stud of horsesa sarm of antsa sarm of beesa sarm of insects

a sarm of locustsa team of horsesa team of o-ena train of camelsa tribe of goatsa troop of lionsa troop of mon!eysa 6oo of ild animals

F!*)S !F $'# V#*+

P*#S#N$$#NS#

P*#S#N$ PA*$%C%P"#

PAS$$#NS#

PAS$PA*$%C%P"#

arise arising arose arisen

aa!e aa!ing ao!e ao!en

bear bearing bore born%borne

beat beating beat beaten

become becoming became become

begin beginning began begun

bend bending bent bent

bid bidding bid%bade bid%bade

bind binding bound boundbite biting bit bitten

bleed bleeding bled bled

blo bloing ble blon

brea! brea!ing bro!e bro!en

breed breeding bred bred

bring bringing brought brought

build building built built

burn burning burned%burnt burned%burnt

burst bursting burst burst

buy buying bought boughtcast casting cast cast

catch catching caught caught


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choose choosing chose chosen

cling clinging clung clung

come coming came come

cost costing cost cost

creep creeping crept crept

cut cutting cut cut

deal dealing dealt dealt

dig digging dug dug

do doing did done

dra draing dre dran

dream dreaming dreamed% dreamt dreamed% dreamt

drin! drin!ing dran! drun!

drive driving drove driven

dell delling delt delt

eat eating ate eaten

fall falling fell fallenfeed feeding fed fed

feel feeling felt felt

ght ghting fought fought

nd nding found found

/ee /eeing /ed /ed

/ing /inging /ung /ung

/o /oing /oed /oed

/y /ying /e /on

forbid forbidding forbade forbidden

forecast forecasting forecast%forecasted forecast%forecasted

forget forgetting forgot forgotten

forgive forgiving forgave forgiven

free6e free6ing fro6e fro6en

get getting got got

give giving gave given

go going ent gone

grab grabbing grabbed grabbed

grind grinding ground ground

gro groing gre gronhang hanging hung hung

hang !ill2 hanging hanged hanged

have having had had

hear hearing heard heard

hide hiding hid hidden

hit hitting hit hit

hold holding held held

hurt hurting hurt hurt

!eep !eeping !ept !ept

!neel !neeling !nelt !nelt!nit !nitting !nitted !nitted

!no !noing !ne !non

lay laying laid laid


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lead leading led led

lean leaning leaned% leant lean% leant

leap leaping leapt leapt

learn learning learned% learnt learned% learnt

leave leaving left left

lend lending lent lent

let letting let let

lie lying lay lain

light lighting lighted% lit lighted% lit

lose losing lost 9ost

ma!e ma!ing made 'ade

mean meaning meant 'eant

meet meeting met 'et

pay paying paid :aid

put putting put :ut

read reading read ;eadride riding rode ;idden

ring ringing rang ;ung

rise rising rose ;isen

run running ran ;un

sa saing saed $an

say saying said $aid

see seeing sa $een

sell selling sold $old

send sending sent $ent

set setting set $etse seing seed $en

sha!e sha!ing shoo! $ha!en

shine shining shone $hone

shoot shooting shot $hot

sho shoing shoed $hon

shrin! shrin!ing shran! $hrun!

shut shutting shut $hut

sing singing sang $ung

sin! sin!ing san! $un!

sit sitting sat $atsleep sleeping slept $lept

slide sliding slid $lid

smell smelling smelled% smelt smelled% smelt

so soing soed $on

spea! spea!ing spo!e $po!en

speed speeding speeded% sped speeded% sped

spell spelling spelled% spelt spelled% spelt

spend spending spent $pent

spill spilling spilled% spilt spilled% spilt

spin spinning $pun $punspit spitting $pat $pat

split splitting $plit $plit

spoil spoiling spoiled% spoilt spoiled% spoilt


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spread spreading spread $pread

spring springing sprang $prung

stand standing stood $tood

steal stealing stole $tolen

stic! stic!ing stuc! $tuc!

sting stinging stung $tung

stri!e stri!ing struc! $truc!

sear searing sore $orn

seep seeping sept $ept

sell selling selled $ollen

sim simming sam $um

sing singing sung $ung

ta!e ta!ing too! =a!en

teach teaching taught =aught

tear tearing tore =orn

tell telling told =oldthin! thin!ing thought =hought

thro throing thre =hron

a!e a!ing o!e o!en% a!ed

ear earing ore "orn

in inning on "on

ind inding ound "ound

rite riting rote "ritten

Antonms


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above belo ?ill valley

abroad home ?umble proud

absent present ?usband ife

absent present @n out

accept refuse @nclude e-clude

active passive @ncrease decrease

add subtract @ncrease decrease

admit deny @ndierent interested

adult child @nner outer

alive dead @nside outside

all none @nsult praise

allo refuse @nterested bored

alays never @nteresting dull

arrive depart oy sorroasleep aa!e unior senior

bac! front Bind cruel

bac!ards forard Bind cruel

bad good Bnoledge ignorance

barren fertile 9a6y industrious

beautiful ugly 9ead follo

before after 9east greatest

begin end 9eave arrive

bent straight 9end borrobest orst level steep

better orse life death

big small li0uid solid

blac! hite long short

blameless guilty loss gain

bless curse loud soft

blunt sharp love hate

bold timid majority minority

bold timid many feboss employee masculine feminine

bravery coardice master servant

brea! repair mean !ind

bridge tunnel miser spendthrift

bright dull modern ancient

broad narro most least

busy idle motorist pedestrian

buy sell mountain valley

capture release natural articial

catch thro near far

cheap dear never alays


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city country niece nephe

clean dirty noise silence

clever foolish noisy 0uiet

cloudy clear normal abnormal

clumsy graceful north south

coarse ne notice ignore

cold hot obey command

come go obtain give

comedy tragedy often seldom

comfort disturb old ne

common rare omit include

common unusual open shut,close

contract e-pand order chaos

cool arm overloo! noticecoard hero pardon punish

coardly bold part hole

create destroy past future

cry laugh peace ar

daily nightly plural singular

danger safety polite rude

dar! bright polite rude

dan dus! poor rich

day night poerful ea!deep shallo praise blame

depth height public private

die live public private

di4cult easy punish reard

dim bright pupil teacher

discourteous polite purchase sell

divide multiply push pull

doctor patient 0uestion anser

drun! sober 0uic! sloDry et ra coo!ed

darf giant ra coo!ed

early late real imaginary

east est right left

easy di4cult rise fall

ebb /o rough smooth

empty full sad cheerful

enemy friend safe dangerous

enjoy disli!e safe dangerous

entrance e-it same dierent

evening morning separate join


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ever never several fe

everybody nobody silly serious

everyhere nohere similar dierent

e-it entrance slim fat

fact ction smile fron

failure success smile fron

fair dar! straight croo!ed

famous un!non straight croo!ed

fancy plain strange familiar

far near strong ea!

fat thin summer inter

fat s!inny seet sour

fe many seet sour

nd lose tal! listennish start tall short

rst last tame ild

/atter insult teach learn

foe friend teacher student

foolish ise these those

foreign local thic! thin

forget remember this that

found lost tight loose

free6e tha tiny hugefresh stale top bottom

fresh stale true false

friend enemy trust doubt

full vacant truth lie

future past under over

generous selsh unusual ordinary

give receive up don

give ta!e upset comfort

graceful a!ard vacant occupiedguilty innocent vacant occupied

guilty innocent valuable orthless

happy sad victory defeat

happy sad villain hero

hard easy ar peace

hard soft ide narro

head tail in lose

heavy light ise foolish

hell heaven ithin ithout

help hinder or! rest

here there rong right


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hide sho yes no

high lo young old

Antonms ,un-

arm unarm li!e unli!ecertain uncertain loc! unloc!

comfortable uncomfortable necessary unnecessary

common uncommon popular unpopular

conscious unconscious safe unsafe

dress undress scre unscre

e0ual une0ual seen unseen

fair unfair selsh unselsh

fold unfold steady unsteady

friendly unfriendly suitable unsuitable

happy unhappy tidy untidy

healthy unhealthy tie untie

just unjust true untrue

!ind un!ind illing unilling

!non un!non ise unise

Antonms ,dis-

agree disagree continue discontinue

allo disallo honest dishonest

appear disappear li!e disli!e

arm disarm loyal disloyal

arrange disarrange obey disobey

believe disbelieve order disorder

connect disconnect trust distrust

Antonms ,in-

accurate inaccurate

active inactive

ade0uate inade0uate

admissible inadmissible

attentive inattentive

correct incorrect

Antonms ,im-

mature immature

mobile immobile


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moral immoral

mortal immortal

movable immovable

patient impatient

perfect imperfect

polite impolite

possible impossible

probable improbable

proper improper

pure impure

Antonms ,mis-

handle mishandle

judge misjudge

spell misspell

understand misunderstand

use misuse

Antonms ,-less

careful careless

harmful harmless

helpful helpless

hopeful hopeless

painful painless

pitiful pitiless

poerful poerless

shameful shameless

useful useless

S/N!N/)S

abduct !idnap leery cautious

abhor detest legacy be0uest

above over legible readable

abridge shorten licentious led

abroad overseas listen hear

abrogate cancel lithe suppleabstain refrain little small

accord agreement livid enraged


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admit confess loathe abhor

adversary opponent lofty high

aable friendly logo symbol

aggravate orsen loo! see

agree consent lo0uacious tal!ative

air discuss lost misplaced

a!in related loving fond

alive lively loyal true

allocate distribute lucrative protable

allo permit ludicrous absurd

also too luminous bright

ameliorate improve lure entice

amount 0uantity luster gloss

annul cancel lu-uriant lush

anser response macabre gruesome

appease pacify mad insane

arraign indict maelstrom hirlpool

as! @n0uire% re0uest magnitude si6e

assembly gathering malice spite

assent agree margin edge

attire dress meager scanty

avarice greed mean cruel

baby infant messy untidybad evil middle center

badger pester misshapen deformed

beg implore moral ethical

begin commence morsel piece

behaviour conduct mundane ordinary

belief opinion name title

benevolent !ind narrate tell

berate scold near close

big large nefarious evilbil! sindle negate cancel

blamed accused negligible insignicant

blan! empty nepotism favouritism

bliss happiness ne unused% modern

bottom foot noisy rody

brave daring% bold noted ell(!non

bran strength obey submit

bright shinning obstinate stubborn

broad ide odyssey journey

broo! tolerate often fre0uently

bucolic rustic old ancient


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build construct omen sign

busy active omnipotent all(poerful

buy purchase omniscient all(!noing

calamity disaster oppress persecute

canon rule opulence ealth

capitulate surrender oral verbal

careen serve orator spea!er

careful cautious outset beginning

careful cautious outside e-terior

castigate critici6e ovation applause

catastrophic disastrous pacify appease

catch capture paltry scarce

caucus meeting pandemic idespread

cavort frolic paranormal supernatural

cede ;elin0uish parcel pac!age

celestial heavenly part portion

centre middle patent obvious

champion inner paucity scarcity

change alter peddle sell

cheat deceive pen rite

chide scold perhaps maybe

choose select perilous dangerous

chubby plump perish diecircumspect cautious persevere persist

clemency forgiveness pertinent relevant

clergyman minister pic! choose

close near pious devout

clothes dress placate appease

clout in/uence plentiful abundant

coagulate thic!en policeman constable

coddle pamper polite courteous

coercion force poor destitutecollusion conspiracy port harbour

commend praise portion piece

commodity product praise compliment

compulsory obligatory pran! jo!e

Concise rief pretty eautiful%attractive

concur agree protect guard

confer besto pull drag

conversant familiar purloin steal

converse opposite push thrust

copy imitate putrefy decay


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cordial friendly 0uac! charlatan

correct accurate 0ualms misgivings

courtesan prostitute 0uay harf

covert secret 0ueen empress

crave desire 0ueue line

culvert drain 0uic! rapid

cunning sly 0uiet peaceful

cure remedy 0uill feather

curtail shorten 0uip jo!e

damp moist rare scarce

dangerous ris!y rarely seldom

deadly fatal rash hasty

dear e-pensive read peruse

dearth scarcity ready alert

debilitate ea!en real genuine

deceive tric! reap harvest

decimate destroy rebu!e reprimand

decipher decode receptacle container

decrease reduce rec!less rash

deduce conclude recollect remember

deleterious harmful rectify correct

delude deceive recur repeat

demeanour behaviour red ruddydemise death ree! smell

demobili6e disband regal royal

demorali6e dishearten rein curb

denigrate defame rejoice celebrate

denounce condemn relic anti0ue

depart leave remain stay

deplete e-haust remedial corrective

deride ridicule remember recollect

desecrate profane remnant residuedesiccate dehydrate remorse guilt

despot tyrant renon fame

destitute poor replenish rell

detain conne retain !eep

detrimental harmful revenue income

devise plan rich ealthy

devout pious rift split

diabolical devilish riot revolt

di4dent shy roam ander

discernible visible robust vigorous

discreet prudent rostrum podium


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disease sic!ness rough coarse

disgure mar round circular

dismal gloomy rude impolite

disorder chaos rue regret

dispatch send rule govern

disperse scatter ruse tric!

disseminate distribute rustic rural

distend sell sac! pillage

distract divert sad unhappy

diversity variety safe secure

divulge disclose saga story

dodder tremble sanction approval

dull gloomy saturate soa!

dumb mute savour relish

duress coercion scant inade0uate

eatable edible scared frightened

ebb recede scatter disperse

eccentric odd% eird schism rift

edice building scion ospring

e4cacious eective scorn disdain

egocentric self(centered sear burn

electorate voters secede ithdra

elucidate e-plain seclusion solitudeelude evade seduce lure

empty vacant seldom rarely

end conclusion semblance li!eness

enemy foe separate sever

enough su4cient serene peaceful

ensnare trap% lure sham pretense

enterprise underta!ing sheen luster

entice lure short brief

entreat plead shorten abbreviateenvoy messenger sho e-hibit

ephemeral short(lived shun avoid

epoch era sibling brother,sister

e0uitable fair sic! ill

error mista!e siege bloc!age

escape elude silent 0uiet

e-orbitant e-pensive silly foolish

e-orcise e-pel simple easy

fable myth sinister evil

fall drop site location

false untrue% rong sceptical doubtful


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fantasy daydream slay !ill

far distant sleepy drosy

feather plume slim slender

feign pretend sloth la6iness

fertile fruitful smart intelligent

delity loyalty smell scent

erce ferocious smite stri!e

ght battle snare trap

lch steal snub ignore

nd discover sovereign monarch

rst initial specimen sample

scal monetary s0ualid lthy

/agellate hip s0uander aste

/oat drift static inactive

force compel steed horse

foretell predict stern strict

free release stic! adhere

friend companion% ally sti/e suppress

friend ally stimulate e-cite

funny amusing stingy miserly

furtive stealthy stop halt

gain prot strange odd

game recreation strife con/ictgargantuan large strive endeavour

garrulous tal!ative strong poerful

gather collect student pupil

gay cheerful studious diligent

general common style fashion

genesis beginning subdue con0uer

ghastly horrible submit yield

give donate subside diminish

glad happy succulent juicyglaring da66ling superb e-cellent

gnarl deform surmount overcome

gory bloody surprise astonishment

guest visitor surrender yield

gua laughter surround encircle

habit custom susceptible vulnerable

habituate accustom sustenance food

hale healthy samp marsh

hallucination delusion taint pollute

hamper obstruct tal! conversation

hapless unluc!y talon cla


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harangue tirade tangible touchable

hard di4cult tarnish taint

hate detest taut tight

haven refuge teach educate

height altitude teacher instructor

help assist tedious boring

herald harbinger tempest storm

he cut tempo speed

hide conceal tempt entice

hideous horrible tenet doctrine

high tall tepid lu!earm

home residence terse concise

hone sharpen tested tried

horde group thief burglar

hue colour thin lean

hug embrace thrive prosper

huge enormous throng crod

humane compassionate titillate arouse

hygienic sanitary titular gurehead

hyperbole e-aggeration toil drudgery

idiosyncrasy peculiarity top summit

illicit unlaful trail path

illimitable limitless tran0uili6e calm% anestheti6eillustrious famous transient temporary

imbibe drin! transitory /eeting

imitate copy traverse cross

immaterial irrelevant tre! journey

immense huge tric! hoa-

impale pierce trite commonplace

impasse deadloc! trust believe

impassive calm try attempt

impeccable faultless tain toimpede hinder tyrannical dictatorial

impending imminent ubi0uitous omnipresent

imperil endanger ulterior hidden% covert

implicate incriminate unassuming modest

implore entreat uncanny mysterious

inculcate instill under beneath

incursion raid undermine ea!en

indelible permanent underscore emphasi6e

indigent poor understand comprehend

indiscriminate random unduly e-cessive

indolent la6y unison together


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industrious hardor!ing usually generally

ine-orable relentless utter complete

infamous notorious vacant empty

infamy shame vacillate aver

infer conclude vain unsuccessful

inrmity ailment valiant brave

in/u- in/o value orth

infraction violation vanish disappear

infuriate enrage van0uish con0uer

inhibit restrain vehement adamant

ini0uitous unjust vendetta feud

initiate begin venom poison

in!ling hint venue location

innate inborn verbose ordy

innocuous harmless verdict decision

innuendo insinuation veto reject

inordinate e-cessive ve- annoy

in0uisitive curious vicious evil% cruel

inscribe engrave victory triumph

inside interior vie compete

insignia emblems vilify defame

insolvent ban!rupt virile manly% strong

instigate incite vital necessaryinter bury vocation occupation

interesting fascinating vogue fashion

intrepid fearless volatile unstable

intricate comple- vulgarity obscenity

intrigue plot vulnerable susceptible

intrinsic inherent ager bet

inundate /ood ages salary

involve implicate aive forgo

irate angry allo indulgeirrational illogical ant need

jeer moc! atch loo!

jest jo!e ea! feeble

jocular humorous et damp

join connect het stimulate

jostle push hole entire

judicious prudent ither shrivel

jump leap onder ama6ement

just fair oo court

!udos acclaim rath anger% fury

last nal rest snatch


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la6y indolent rit summons

least minimum yearly annually

leave abandon young youthful

'!)!N/)S'omonm is a word that sounds the same as another but is di0erent inmeaning.

air heir loan lone

ail ale made maid

alloed aloud mail male

arc ar! main mane

ate eight meat meet

bad bade medal meddlebail bale missed mist

bald baled muscle mussel

ball bal none nun

bare bear oar ore

beach beech one on

bean been pail pale

bear bare pain pane

beat beet pair pear

bee be patience patientsbeet beat peace piece

bell belle peal peel

berry bury plain plane

birth berth plane plain

blue ble pore pour

boar bore practice practise

board bored praise prays

bough bo pray prey

bo bough principal principle

boy buoy prot prophet

bra!e brea! rain reign

buy by,bye rap rap

ceiling sealing read reed

cell sell read red

cent sent right rite

cheap cheep ring ring

chec! che0ue road rode

coarse course role roll

cord chord root route

dear deer rose ros


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die dye sale sail

dun done scene seen

Dye die sea see

ee you seam seem

eye @ se so

fair fare sight site

feat feet soar sore

nd ned sole soul

/ea /ee son sun

/e /u soot suit

/our /oer stair stare

/oer /our sta!e stea!

fool full steal steel

fore four stile style

forth fourth suite seet

foul fol tail tale

fur r tear tier

gait gate their there

grate great thre through

groan gron throne thron

hair hare tide tied

hall haul to to

heal heel told tolledhear here too to% to

heard herd toed toad

here hear urn earn

higher hire vain vein

him hymn vale veil

hole hole vein vane% vain

hour our aist aste

idle idol ait eight

!ey 0uay ay eigh!ne ne ea! ee!

!night night ear here

!not not hole hole

!no no itch hich

lain lane ood ould

lead led rite right

lea! lee! yo!e yol!

lessen lesson yore your

PA*#N$ AN1 /!&N(


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A1&"$ ,AN%)A"S /!&N(


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#3

bear cub

boar piglet% pigling

buc! rabbit2 rac!

bualo calf

bull cattle2 calf

bull elephant2 calf

camel calf

cat !itten

co calf

deer fan

dog puppy

elephant calf

fo- cub

girae calf

goat !id

hippopotamus calf

horse foal

!angaroo joey

leopard cub

lion cub

pig piglet

possum joey

rat puprhinoceros calf

seal pup

sheep lamb

stallion foal

tiger cub

allaby joey

olf cub

6ebra foal

A1&"$ ,+%*1 /!&N(bird /edgling% nestling

coc! chic!en

coc! pigeon2 s0uab

dra!e duc!ling

eagle eaglet

gander gosling

goose gosling

grouse poult% cheeper

ostrich chic!

ol olet

partridge poult


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#5

pheasant poult

pigeon s0uab

san cygnet

tur!ey poult

A1&"$ ,%NS#C$S /!&N(

ant grub

bee grub

beetle grub

butter/y caterpillar

coc!roach nymph

dragon/y nymph

grasshopper nymph

house/y maggot

mos0uito riggler

moth caterpillar

A1&"$ ,F%S' /!&N(

eel elver

oyster spat

shar! cub

trout fry

hale calf

A1&"$ ,A)P'%+%AN /!&N(

Erog tadpole =oad tadpole

=urtle hatchling

Forming Abstract Nouns

Common Noun

Abstract Noun Common Noun Abstract Noun

brother rotherhood man manhood

child Childhood member membership

friend friendship mother motherhood

!ing !ingship neighbor neighborhood

leader leadership scholar scholarship

Verb Abstract Noun Verb Abstract Noun

behave behavior lose loss

die death marry marriage

free freedom please pleasure

gro groth sell sale

!no !noledge spea! speech

laugh laughter thin! thought


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#7

Adjective Abstract Noun Adjective Abstract Noun

angry anger ne neness

beautiful beauty strong strength

brave bravery thirsty thirst

great greatness true truth

happy happiness uni0ue uni0ueness

hungry hunger ea! ea!ness

!ing !indness ide idth

long length ise isdom

$he Plurals of Nouns

+ adding -s

Plural $ingular

antPlural Singular ants loc! loc!s

bicycle bicycles maga6ine maga6ines

co cos nose noses

daughter daughters orange oranges

egg eggs picture pictures

/oer /oers rose roses

grape grapes spoonful spoonfuls

house houses toy toys jug jugs vase vases

!ing !ings ell ells

+ adding -es to nouns ending in 2ch3 -s3 -sh3 -ss3 and -4

Singular Plural Singular Plural

beach beaches dish dishes

inch inches thrush thrushes

match matches boss bosses

atch atches dress dresses

bus buses glass glasses

octopus octopuses !iss !isses

syllabus syllabuses bo- bo-es

virus viruses fo- fo-es

brush brushes si- si-esbush bushes ta- ta-es

+ adding 2s to nouns ending in -o


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#8


dynamo dynamos studio studios

photo photos tattoo tattoos

piano pianos torso torsos

radio radios trio trios

solo solos 6ero 6eros

+ adding -2es to nouns ending in -o


bualo bualoes potato potatoes

echo echoes tomato tomatoes

hero heroes tornado tornadoes

mos0uito mos0uitoes veto vetoes

negro negroes

+ adding 2s or 2es to nouns ending in -o


banjo banjos,banjoes memento mementos,mementoes

archipelago archipelagos,es peccadillo peccadillos,es

cargo cargos,cargoes lasso lassos,lassoes

mango mango,mangoes indigo @ndigos,indigoes

motto mottos,mottoes volcano volcanos,volcanoes

+ changing 2 into 2ies if a noun ends in a consonant before the -


beauty beauties fairy fairies

cherry cherries family families

curry curries nappy nappies

diary diaries spy spies

duty duties theory theories

+ adding 2s if there is a vowel before the -

Singular Plural Singular Pluralchimney chimneys !idney !idneys

don!ey don!eys mon!ey mon!eys

guy guys toy toys

jersey jerseys trolley trolleys

!ey !eys valley valleys

+ changing 2f or 2fe into 2ves


calf calves life lives

elf elves loaf loaveshalf halves sheaf sheaves

!nife !nives thief thieves


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leaf leaves ife ives

+ adding 2s to nouns ending in 2f or 2fe


chef chef handcu handcus

chief chiefs reef reefs

cli clis roof roofs

girae giraes safe safes

gulf gulfs sheri sheris

+ adding 2s or changing 2f into 2ves

Singular Plural

darf darf,darves

hand!erchief ?and!erchiefs,ves

hoof hoof,hooves

scarf scarfs,scarves

turf turfs,turves

harf harfs,harves

+ changing the vowels


a-is a-es goose geese

cactus cacti louse lice

crisis crises mouse mice

emporium emporia,emporiums oasis oases

fungus fungus,funguses tooth teeth

+ adding 2en or 2ren


o- o-en child children

+ changing the vowelsSingular Plural Singular Plural

a-is a-es goose geese

cactus cacti louse lice

crisis crises mouse mice*

emporium emporia,emporiums oasis oases

fungus fungi,funguses tooth teeth

* Eor computer mouse% the plural is mice or mouses.

$he plural and singular forms of some nouns are the same

advice advice !noledge !noledge


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aircraft aircraft music music

baggage baggage nes nes

cattle cattle ospring ospring

cod cod scenery scenery

deer deer series series

sh sh** sheep sheep

furniture furniture species species

information information

56. $he Comparison of Adjectives


big bigger biggest

blac! blac!er blac!estbold bolder boldest

brave braver bravest

bright brighter brightest

busy busier busiest

clean cleaner cleanest

clear clearer clearest

clever cleverer cleverest

cold colder coldest

cool cooler coolest

dar! dar!er dar!est

dear dearer dearest

deep deeper deepest

dirty dirtier dirtiest

dry drier driest

easy easier easiest

fair fairer fairest

fast faster fastestfat fatter fattest

ne ner nest

funny funnier funniest

great greater greatest

green greener greenest

happy happier happiest

hard harder hardest

healthy healthier healthiest

heavy heavier heaviesthigh higher highest

hot hotter hottest


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+

!ind !inder !indest

large larger largest

late later latest

la6y la6ier la6iest

light lighter lightest

long longer longest

lo loer loest

luc!y luc!ier luc!iest

mad madder maddest

merry merrier merriest

narro narroer narroest

naughty naughtier naughtiest

near nearer nearest

ne neer neestnoisy noisier noisiest

old older oldest

pale paler palest

poor poorer poorest

pretty prettier prettiest

proud prouder proudest

0uic! 0uic!er 0uic!est

red redder reddest

rich richer richestsad sadder saddest

safe safer safest

shallo shalloer shalloest

sharp sharper sharpest

short shorter shortest

slo sloer sloest

small smaller smallest

smooth smoother smoothest

strong stronger strongestseet seeter seetest

tall taller tallest

thic! thic!er thic!est

thin thinner thinnest

tiny tinier tiniest

ugly uglier ugliest

arm armer armest

ealthy ealthier ealthiest

et etter ettest

hite hiter hitest

ide ider idest


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ild ilder ildest

ise iser isest

young younger youngest


ancient more ancient most ancient

beautiful more beautiful most beautiful

brilliant more brilliant most brilliant

careful more careful most careful

careless more careless most careless

cheerful more cheerful most cheerful

comfortable more comfortable most comfortable

dangerous more dangerous most dangerous

delightful more delightful most delightful

di4cult more di4cult most di4cultenjoyable more enjoyable most enjoyable

foolish more foolish most foolish

forgetful more forgetful most forgetful

frightening more frightening most frightening

generous more generous most generous

handsome more handsome most handsome

helpful more helpful most helpful

ignorant more ignorant most ignorant

important more important most importantintelligent more intelligent most intelligent

interesting more interesting most interesting

pleasant more pleasant most pleasant

poerful more poerful most poerful

prosperous more prosperous most prosperous

sensible more sensible most sensible

terrible more terrible most terrible

thoughtful more thoughtful most thoughtful

unusual more unusual most unusualuseful more useful most useful

valuable more valuable most valuable

onderful more onderful most onderful


bad orse orst

far farther farthest

far further furthest

good better best

little less least

many more most

much more most


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+#

Compiled by,Ms. Sivajothi ArnasalamS.K. ln. Selangor !"# $ %ear &'""

adjectives notes (29 pages)

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