adjectives in spanish los adjetivos en español adjectives are like mirrors: they reflect the gender...
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Adjectives in SpanishAdjectives in Spanish
Los adjetivos en españolLos adjetivos en español
Adjectives are like mirrors:they reflect the gender andnumber of the noun they modify.
Adjective = Noun in form
Nouns have gender and numberin Spanish and so the adjective must reflect the same gender and number as its noun.
El chico simpáticoor
La chica simpática
or
Los chicos simpáticos
or
Las chicas simpáticas
Regular adjectives--those that end in o--change to the feminine by dropping the -o and adding -a; they thenchange to the plural by adding -s to either form:
alto
Masculine: Feminine:
Singular: alta
Plural: alto altas s
Most irregular adjectives--those that end in a letter other than o--only change the ending to indicate plurals. If the adjective ends in a consonant, theplural form adds -es.
Masculine: Feminine:
Singular
Plural
fácil fácil
fácil fáciles es
Adjectives that end in -or add -a to form the feminine:
El estudiante trabajador
La estudiante trabajadora
Adjectives that end in -z change the -z to -c and then add -es to form the plural:
El estudiante feliz
Los estudiantes felices
La estudiante feliz
Las estudiantes felices
If more than one adjective modifies and follows a noun , you may connect them with the conjunction -y:
Una muchacha simpática e interesante
or
Un muchacho bajo y ágil
So what is a “masculine” noun So what is a “masculine” noun anyway?anyway?
• Masculine nouns usually end with the Masculine nouns usually end with the letters L-O-N-E-R-S.letters L-O-N-E-R-S.
• Feminine nouns usually end in the lettersFeminine nouns usually end in the lettersD-ion-Z-A.D-ion-Z-A.
• To make nouns or adjectives plural add “s” To make nouns or adjectives plural add “s” to words ending with vowels, add “es” to to words ending with vowels, add “es” to words ending with consonants.words ending with consonants.Ex. El chico ---- Los chicosEx. El chico ---- Los chicos
el papel ---- Los papelesel papel ---- Los papeles
Adjectives not ending in -oAdjectives not ending in -o
• Adjs. ending in –e, -l, -r will have two forms Adjs. ending in –e, -l, -r will have two forms only – singular and plural. only – singular and plural.
Normal – normalesNormal – normales popular- popularespopular- populares
Azul – azulesAzul – azules
Verde – verdesVerde – verdes
Inteligente - InteligentesInteligente - Inteligentes
Interesante - InteresantesInteresante - Interesantes
Grande - GrandesGrande - Grandes
Examples of maculine and Examples of maculine and feminine nouns :feminine nouns :
MasculineMasculine FeminineFeminine
L – el papelL – el papel D – la ciudadD – la ciudad
O – el amigoO – el amigo ion – la televisiion – la televisiónón
N – el jardínN – el jardín Z – la actrizZ – la actriz
E – el cineE – el cine A – la amigaA – la amiga
R – el borradorR – el borrador
S – el sacapuntosS – el sacapuntos
Are these nouns masculine or Are these nouns masculine or feminine?feminine?
1.1. LecciLecciónón
2.2. TintaTinta
3.3. UniversidadUniversidad
4.4. EdificioEdificio
5.5. dedodedo
Exceptions:Exceptions:
• When a noun or adjective ends in “Z” the z When a noun or adjective ends in “Z” the z is changed to a “c” before making it pluralis changed to a “c” before making it plural
• The following are common exceptions to The following are common exceptions to gender rules:gender rules:– El aguaEl agua– La manoLa mano– El problema (and other words ending with “ma”)El problema (and other words ending with “ma”)– La florLa flor– La salLa sal