AdhesivesMade by :Manisha Khandelwal , Kashif Zafar and Yaseem Mallik

Context Introduction Types of adhesives Natural adhesives Casein glue Animal glue Bituminous Thermoplastic adhesives (polyvinyl acetate) Thermosetting adhesives and plastics (phenol formaldehyde) Urea formaldehyde Melamine resin Resourcinol phenol formaldehyde Epoxy resin Rubber adhesives BSI (British standard institute) Bsi classification Market survey Thankyou

Introduction • “An adhesive is a medium that allows the surfaces of two

or more components to be attached or bonded together”.• They are hugely used across the construction industries.• Mechanical fixings can weaken or affect material structure.• Adhesive is a substance used for sticking two unlike bodies

together, due to molecular forces existing in the area of contact.

• The development of adhesives has continued over the centuries to meet the requirements of various civilization, but it was not until the industrial revolution that demands were made for major advances in adhesive technology.

What is adhesive made out of? When a liquid is added to an adhesive, it

becomes glue. Glue is an adhesive substance that binds two porous surfaces together.

Adhesives made of 3 bases for following categories:-

Wooden - water base Paper - water base Textile - water base Construction - solvent base Plastic , glass - cyno base :- as we go down in above category the

price, flammability is also increase with their strength:-

Types of adhesives

Natural Thermoplasti

c Thermosettin

g Rubber

Types of adhesives

Natural adhesive

Casein

Animal

Bitminous

Thermoplastic adhesive

Polyvinyl acetate

Thermosetting adhesive

Phenol fornaldehyd

eUrea

formaldehyde

Melamine formaldehy

deResorcinol formaldehy

de

Epoxide resins

Rubber adhesive

Natural adhesives Natural adhesives are made from

inorganic mineral sources, or biological sources.

A simple paste of natural adhesive can be made by mixing flour and water.

Application : Applicators of different adhesives are designed according to the adhesive being used and the size of the area to which the adhesive will be applied.

Natural adhesive

Casein

Animal

Bitminous

CASEIN

This product is made by dissolving casein, a protein obtained from milk. In wood bonding, casein glues generally are superior .

Health issues: casein allergy: A small fraction of the population is allergic

to casein The china study on cancer: 10% of the protein in their diet

from casein were at risk of cancer  Uses:

Lables of glass bottels : Casein glue is mainly used to adhere glass bottle labels.

Paint : Casein paint is a fast-drying. Glue Cheesemaking:Cheese consists of proteins and fat from 

milk, usually the milk of cows, buffalo,goats, 

Casein glue preperation

ANIMAL An animal is an adhesive that is

created by prolonged boiling of animal connective tissue.

Animal glue was the most common woodworking glue for thousands of years.

Types : Hide glue: Hide glue is used in

woodworking. It may be supplied as granules, flakes, or flat sheets,▪ Warmer temperatures quickly destroy the

strength of hide glue. Hoof glue: Hoof glue is also used today in

woodworking, specifically cabinetry. Rabbit skin glue: Rabbit-skin glue is more

flexible when dry than typical hide glues▪  It also is used in bookbinding.

Hide glue at room temperature

Animal glue in granules

Bitminous adhesive Bitumen, bituminis is a very ancient product. The Egyptians, the Greek and the Romans

were already acquainted with it. The Romans called it earthpitch. Its natural

source was Ragusa on Sicily, where it was found in rock-formations, which contained about 14% of bituminis.

Used in paints and maker inks by some graffiti supply companies to increase the weather resistance and to make the color much darker.

Thermoplastic adhesive Thermoplastic adhesives – These

types of adhesives may be in the form of a solid which softens when heated and when cooled will regain their original form and strength.

POLYVINYL ACETATE (PVA) As an emulsion in water, PVA is sold as an adhesive for

porous materials, particularly wood, paper, and cloth. It is the most commonly used wood glue, both as "white glue" and the yellow "carpenter's glue." Uses

A wood glue PVA is known as 'white glue' and the yellow as carpenter's glue or PVA glue.

Paper adhesive. In handicrafts.

An envelope adhesives.

As wallpaper adhesives.

Thermoplastic adhesive

Polyvinyl acetate (PVA)

Thermosetting (Solvent base)Thermosetting adhesives – These types of

adhesives are resins which become solid through a chemical reaction or by applying heat. Once set they can not be reformed.

Phenol formaldehyde This is pressure sensitive type of adhesive. The

aderend surfaces after being coated with this adhesive is subjected to curing by heat and pressure.

This is available as solid, liquid or impregnated film and used for bonding wood and metal.

Uses : Phenolic resins are also used for making exterior

plywood commonly known as WBP (Weather & boil proof) Plywood because Phenolic resins have no melting point

The Dutch forger Han van Meegeren mixed phenol formaldehyde with his oil paints before baking the finished canvas in order to fake the drying out of the paint over the centuries.

Thermosetting

adhesive

Phenol formaldehyd

e

Urea formaldehyd

e

Melamine formaldehyd

e

Resorcinol formaldehyd

e

Epoxide resins

Urea formaldehyde

• The urea–formaldehydes (UFs) are the most important and most used class of amino resin adhesives.

• Powder, not boil proof.• Shelf life ~1 year. Pot-life: ~3-10 hours.• Moisture resistant, not susceptible to attack by micro-

organisms.• Example: cascamite, laminating etc.• Advantages :• (1) initial water solubility (this renders them eminently suitable for

bulk and relatively inexpensive production), • (2) hardness, • (3) nonflammability, • (4) good thermal properties, • (5) absence of color in cured polymers.

• Disadvantages :• The greatest disadvantage of the amino resins is their bond

deterioration caused by water and moisture.• Uses : • Plywood adhesive: • Particle board adhesive:

MELAMINE ADHESIVE

A fast setting adhesive specially formulated for room temperature bonding of porous substrate to difficult-to-bond synthetic materials such as melamine surfaces and highly impregnated papers.

Uses : the most used adhesives for exterior

and semiexterior wood panels and for the preparation and bonding of both low- and high-pressure paper laminates and overlays.

Resorcinol-phenol formaldehyde.• Resorcinol-phenol formaldehyde.• Resin + hardener (catalyst).• i.e. Aerodux 185 + hardener.• Used in Exterior timber structures, marine,

plywood.• Used externally, it is an antiseptic and

disinfectant • Used in the production of plasticizers. • Liquid mix with hardener• Shelf life - indefinite, pot life - 1hr @ 30oC

EPOXY RESIN(Solvent base)

Epoxy adhesives are a major part of the class of adhesives called "structural adhesives" or "engineering adhesives".

These high-performance adhesives are used in the construction of aircraft, automobiles, bicycles, boats, golf clubs, skis, snow boards, and other applications where high strength bonds are required.

Rubber adhesives

Natural rubber is often vulcanized, a process by which the rubber is heated and sulfur, peroxide or bisphenol are added to improve resilience and elasticity, and to prevent it from perishing.

Tapes are made from mixing rubbery material with adhesives.

British Standards Institute (BSI)

• BSI Group, also known in its home market as the British Standards Institution (or BSI), is a multinational business services provider whose principal activity is the production of standards and the supply of standards-related services.

Test products to confirm the manufacturers claims.

i.e. BS 1204:1979 (adhesives for constructional work in wood).

i.e. BS 1203:1979 (adhesives for plywood).

BSI ClassificationAdhesive Classification Moisture

resistanceGap filling General usage

N Casein Poor Int. Yes. Not in general use today

SUrea Formaldehyde(Thermosetting)

MelamineFormaldehyde (Thermosetting)

Phenol formaldehyde (Thermosetting)

ResorcinolFormaldehyde (Thermosetting)

Polyvinyl acetate (thermoplastic)

Fair

Good

Very good

Very good

Poor togood

MR

BR

WBP

WBP

Int or MR

Some

Types

Yes

Yes

May be

The most common adhesive used for general purpose assemble work and manufactured boards.Used in plywood andParticleboards.

Used in plywood.

Used in outdoor timber structures.

Internal joinery and veneering.

.S, N Contact (Thermoplastic)

Fair Int GAP Used for plastic laminates and veneers

S Epoxy (Thermosetting)

Int Yes Very limited use - used to bonad timber to metal

N – Natural, S –synthetic, WBP – Water and boil proof BR – Boil resistantMR – Moisture resistant, Int – Interior.

Market survey

Water base adhesives market price start from 30 to 200.

Solvent base adhesives market survey price start from 80 to 250 .

Cyano base adhesives market price start from 3000 to 7000 per kg.

Thank you