adenineribose3 phosphate groups section 8-1 atp go to section:
TRANSCRIPT
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Adenine Ribose 3 Phosphate groups
Section 8-1
ATP
Go to Section:
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Adenosine Triphosphate = ATP
Chemical compound which stores energy
Cellular Energy used to:•Break or form chemical bonds•Change the shape of proteins•Move molecules across plasma membrane (Active transport)•Move cells (flagellum)
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ADP ATP
Energy
EnergyAdenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Partiallychargedbattery
Fullychargedbattery
Section 8-1
Figure 8-3 Comparison of ADP and ATP to a Battery
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ADP ATP
Energy
EnergyAdenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Partiallychargedbattery
Fullychargedbattery
Section 8-1
Figure 8-3 Comparison of ADP and ATP to a Battery
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Photosynthesis
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How did we figure out how plants work?
Jan van Helmont• Thought plants grew by taking material out of soil• Planted a seedling in a pot of soil• Watered daily• After 5 years the tree gained 75 kg• Soil mass did not change• Figured out the -hydrate part of carbohydrate
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How did we figure out how plants work?Joseph Priestly• Placed a glass jar over a lit candle• The flame went out• Placed a live sprig of mint under the jar• The candle burned much longer • Deduced that the plant produced a substance needed for burning (oxygen)
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How did we figure out how plants work?
Jan Ingenhousz•Priestly’s experiment only worked in sunlight•Deduced that sunlight is required for oxygen to be made by plants
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Light Energy
Chloroplast
CO2 + H2O Sugars + O2
Section 8-2
Photosynthesis: Reactants and Products
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Absorption of Light byChlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b
V B G YO R
Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll a
Section 8-2
Figure 8-5 Chlorophyll Light Absorption
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Chlorophyll• Light absorbing molecule (pigment)• Reflects green light wavelength (that’s why plants are green)• Light energy excites electrons• 2 types (a & b)• Chlorophyll a absorbs red & violet wavelengths• Chlorophyll b absorbs blue, orange, & red wavelengths
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Chlorophyll
Translation? Plants under yellow & green light will carry out photosynthesis at a lower rate than the same type of plant under other colors (blue, violet, red).
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Inside a Chloroplast
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Chloroplast Vocabulary
Thylakoids – Photosynthetic membranesGrana – Stacks of thylakoidsStroma – Region outside of the thylakoid membranes
Light Dependent Reactions occur within the thylakoidsThe Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma
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Light Dependent ReactionsThe light reactions use light & water which produce the oxygen "waste product".
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Light dependent reactions = photolysis
Photolysis translates as light (photo-) splits (-lysis)
The light energy is used to split the water molecule, which produces H+ & O- ions.
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Chloroplast
Light
O2
Sugars
CO2
Light-Dependent Reactions
CalvinCycle
NADPH
ATP
ADP + PNADP+Chloroplast
Section 8-3
Figure 8-7 Photosynthesis: An Overview
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HydrogenIon Movement
Photosystem II
InnerThylakoidSpace
ThylakoidMembrane
Stroma
ATP synthase
Electron Transport Chain Photosystem I ATP Formation
Chloroplast
Section 8-3
Figure 8-10 Light-Dependent Reactions
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Excited electronsElectron transport = Electrons are moved by carrier molecules
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate =(Holds 2 high energy electrons & a hydrogen ion)This changes the molecule to NADPH
NADP+
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Hydrogen Ion Concentrations• Hydrogen ions are pumped (via proton pump) into the thylakoid
• Concentration of hydrogen ions fuels the production of ATP from ADP as the hydrogen ions are sent back across the thylakoid membrane through an ATP synthase
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Section 8-3
Figure 8-10 Light-Dependent Reactions
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ADP ATP
NADP+ NADPH
Light Dependent Reactions End-Products
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Photosynthesis
includes
of
take place intakes place in uses
to produce to produce
use
Light-dependentreactions
Calvin cycle
Thylakoidmembranes Stroma NADPHATPEnergy from
sunlight
ATP NADPH O2 Chloroplasts High-energysugars
Section 8-3
Concept Map
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Calvin Cycle = Light Independent Reactions or Dark Reactions
• ATP & NADPH are not stable• Energy needs to be changed into a stable form for storage
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ChloropIast
CO2 Enters the Cycle
Energy Input
5-CarbonMoleculesRegenerated
Sugars and other compounds
6-Carbon SugarProduced
Section 8-3
Figure 8-11 Calvin Cycle
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RuBP
PGA
PGAL
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Calvin Cycle Summary6 carbon dioxide molecules bond to six 5-carbon molecules to produce twelve 3-carbon molecules
ATP & NADPH (from light dependent reactions) are used to convert twelve 3-carbon molecules into higher energy forms
Two 3-carbon molecules are removed from the cycle and used by the plant to form compoundsThe remaining ten 3-carbon molecules are converted into six 5-carbon moecules which are used in the next cycle
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Photosynthesis Summary
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Photosynthesis Summary