adding value to research through integrated crop-livestock (c/l) research

www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium

Adding value to research through integrated crop-livestock (C/L) research

23 November 2015 (R4D Week 2015)

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

Adding value to research through integrated

crop-livestock (C/L) research


• Why - add value……?

• How - can value be added…?

• Way forward….future plans…?

• Challenges…..of adding value….?

Outline


• Crop-livestock farmers make up about 60-

75% of the rural poor

• Contribution of livestock:

• Systems intensification and sustainability

• Food and nutrition security

• Household income

• Nutrient cycling

• Add value crop residues

Why integrated C/L research


Livestock

Systems

Crop-livestock

Systems

Sole

Systems

Rangeland based

Landless

Rainfed annual crops-livestock

Rainfed tree crops-livestock

Irrigated crops-livestock

Pastoral

Fattening, Peri-urban dairy

Why integrated C/L research: crop residues


Importance of crop residues

•Food and feed - security

•Source of income

•Influence adoption

•Construction

•Soil conservation

•Nutrient cycling


1. Crops/Tree/Veg.

3.Livestock

2. Soil/Land

1. Crop

2. Soil

3. Livestock

4. Crop Soil

5. Crop Livestock√

6. Soil Livestock√

7. Crop Soil Livestock√

4 5

6

7

Integrated Crop-Livestock Systems


Nitrogen fertilizer (kg/ha)

Sheep density/ha 0 60 90

0 1.13 1.56 1.65

200 1.67 2.15 2.48

400 1.78 2.71 2.54

s.e. 0.088

P-value 0.009

Sheep stocking and N fertilizer effect on

maize grain yield


Cowpea population Fecal N Fecal P

(x1000) (g/kg) (mg/kg)

0 15.6c 17.7c

40 18.7a 19.8b

80 17.5b 23.9a

160 16.8b 23.4a

Cowpea population in maize:cowpea cropping

affects manure quality


-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

AD

G,

g/da

y

0 100 200 300 400Cowpea hay, g/day

Local

ICSV111

Sorghum variety and cowpea supplementation

effects on sheep growth


Adding value: food-feed crop evaluation scheme

Stage1

Stage 2

Stage 3

Lines = > 50

Plot size= 4x4 m

Plants = 5 - 20

Plots = 10m x10m

Lines = 3 – 5

Plot size=20x 20m

Crop

•Yield-grain

•Stover yield

•Harvest index

Crop

•Adaptation

•Yield-grain

•Disease/pest

•Flowering

•Morphology

Crop

•Yield-grain

•Stover-yield

•Stocking rate

Livestock •Leaf:stem

•Crude protein

•Fiber (NDF)

•Digestibility

Livestock

•Digestibility

•Weight gain

•Intake/manure

•Gain/hectare

Livestock •Leaf:stem

•Digestibility


Neutral

detergent

fibre

Acid

detergent

fibre

Cellulose

Insoluble minerals

Soluble minerals

Insoluble lignin

Soluble lignin

Lignin

Hemicellulose

Sugar

Starch

Pectin Nitrogen-free

extracts

Crude protein

Crude fibre

Protein

Non-protein N

Ether extracts

Ash

Ether extracts

Proximate

components Chemical fraction Van Soest fraction

Cell contents

Adding value – crop residue quality and use


Digestible Dry Matter (DDM) = 88.9 – (0.79 x % ADF)

Dry Matter Intake (DMI) = 120 / %NDF

Relative Feed Value (RFV) = (%DDM x %DMI) / 1.2

Adding value – additional data collection

Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN) = 88.9 - (0.79 x ADF%)


1. Crops/Tree/Veg.

3.Livestock

2. Soil/Land

1. Crop

2. Soil

3. Livestock

4. Crop Soil

5. Crop Livestock√

6. Soil Livestock√

7. Crop Soil Livestock√

4 5

6

7

Research focus

Looking into the future


• C/L research interest group

• Review past and current C/L research

• Recommend possible C/L activities

• Design implement C/L

Recommendations


• Science

• Defining a health balance between crop, soil,

livestock and crop-livestock research.

• Coordinating the delivery of expected outputs.

• Experimental designs and additional data.

• Partnership

• Building and managing multi-institutional and

multi-disciplinary research teams.

Challenges


Thank You