adaptive parking requirements and mobility management in urban development
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Adaptive Parking Requirements and Mobility Management in Urban Development . Fredrik Johansson , WSP Pelle Envall, TUB Trafikutredningsbyrån AB Friday 9 may 2014 Session E3 ECOMM, Florence. Adaptive Parking Requirements. Adaptive Parking Requirements means that: - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Adaptive Parking Requirements and Mobility Management in Urban Development
Fredrik Johansson , WSPPelle Envall, TUB Trafikutredningsbyrån AB
Friday 9 may 2014
Session E3ECOMM, Florence
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Adaptive Parking Requirements
Adaptive Parking Requirements means that: • Requirements varies between different areas• Mobility services can reduce requirements• Fees cover the total costs of parking
Bild: Alma Arkitekter
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Innovative Parking
1. Market potential for Adaptive Parking Requirements
2. Agreements on parking solutions
3. Preparation for a full-scale evaluation
of two demonstration
houses4. Demonstration and evaluation of cargo bikes
5. Pilot project: solutions for better street parking
Exchange for mobility services- Effects on construction of new residences
3a. Acceptance for parking solutions
3b. Using APR in the planning process
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Institutional Framework
American planning philosophy
Imported to Sweden, the UK and more countries
Legal framework in Sweden
Planning praxis Reform
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Parking spaces built in Stockholm between 2000-2012
Area Number of apartments
Number of parking spaces
P-spaces per apartment
Suburb 12 078 7 811 0,65
Inner city 8 462 3 895 0,46
Total 20 540 11 706 0,57
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Self-financing ratio of parking in StockholmType of parking
Average price (SEK/month)
Likely cost (per month)
Self-financing ratio (%)
Low High
Above ground parking
373 700 - 53 %*
Garage 1109 1500 3000 44 -74 %**
* Including costs for construction, lighting , maintenance and snow removal as well as capital costs for land acquisition (Lunds kommun 2013, sid. 8). ** Concern construction costs excluding land acquisition costs, operation and rental costs.
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Discussion of self-financing rates• Parking Requirements correspond well with older statistics on car ownership• Parking is not self-financing
- Despite ”low” parking provision per apartment - Financing deficit of 53 - 93,5 million SEK - I.e. 4500 - 8000 SEK per parking slot and year.
• Solutions exist• Using Adaptive Parking Requirements requires deeper understanding and evaluations• Adaptive Parking Requirements facilitates the construction of more apartments
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Potential for car sharing in Stockholm inner city
<1000
<2000
<3000
<4000
<5000
<6000
<7000
<8000
<9000
<10000
<11000
<12000
Total
t0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Share of cars used few km per year
Inner city
Km year 2012
% o
f veh
icles
30 % <7 000 km
46 % <10 000 km
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Potential for car sharing in Stockholm inner city
<100 <200 <300 <400 <500 <600 <700 <800 <900 <1000 <1100 <12000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
Nb of cars used few km year 2012
Km year 2012
Nb o
f veh
icles
25 000 veh. <7 000 km
38 000 veh.<10 000 km
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Potential for car sharing in Stockholm inner city
<1000
<2000
<3000
<4000
<5000
<6000
<7000
<8000
<9000
<10000
<11000
<12000
All veh
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Cars per 1000 inh. and driven km
MalmarnaVästerort
Km year 2012
Car o
wne
rshi
p pe
r 100
0 in
h.
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Who own cars driven short distances?
-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50 51-55 56-60 61-65 66-70 71-75 76-80 81-0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Inner city - vehicles used less than 7000 km per year
Western suburb - vehicles used less than 7000 km per year
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Evaluation of cargo-bikes
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Evaluation of cargo-bikesResults
• 20 % of households tried the bikes• 5 % used them more than 10 times• The bikes were used more by
– Families– With a desire to live car-free– That have arranged their life to live without cars
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Evaluation of cargo-bikesResults
• Introduction of the bikes is important• Important that the bikes are visible• Important to define responsibilities
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Next step
• Constructing apartments with Adaptive Parking Requirements in Stockholm
• Evaluate the impact (pre and post evaluations)
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Contact details
Fredrik JohanssonWSPPhone: 0046 (0) 10 722 86 30Mobile: 0046 (0)70 2837813E-mail: [email protected]
Pelle EnvallTUBMobile: 0046 (0) 70 651 01 94E-mail: [email protected]