Adaptations and policies for economic development

Presented by Mike Batty

This presentation is based on Chapter 13 ‘Adapting tropical Pacific fisheries and aquaculture to climate change: management measures, policies and investments’ in the book Vulnerability of Tropical Pacific Fisheries and Aquaculture to Climate Change, edited by JD Bell, JE Johnson and AJ Hobday and published by SPC in 2011.

The authors of Chapter 13 are: Johann Bell, Neil Andrew, Michael Batty, Lindsay Chapman, Jeffrey Dambacher, Brian Dawson, Alex Ganachaud, Peter Gehrke, John Hampton, Alistair Hobday, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, Johanna Johnson, Jeff Kinch, Robert Le Borgne, Patrick Lehodey, Janice Lough, Tim Pickering, Morgan Pratchett, Aliti Vunisea and Michelle Waycott

Authors

Outline

• Revisit purpose of adaptations and policies

• Framework for adaptations Win-win adaptations

Other important adaptations

• Supporting policies and investments

Purpose of adaptations and policies

• Reduce the risk of future shortfalls in fish for canneries in the west (and job losses)

• Harness the opportunities for increased revenue for PICTs in the east

Adaptation decision framework

Lose-Lose

X X

Lose-Win

X

Win-Win

x

X

Long-term Loss Long-term GainN

ea

r-te

rm G

ain

Ne

ar-

term

Lo

ssAddresses climate change

Add

ress

es p

rese

nt d

river

s

After Grafton (2010)

Win-Lose

Adaptations

Ask

L-W

W-W

L-L

W-L

La Niña

El Niño

Source of map: Lehodey et al. (1977)

‘Vessel Days Scheme’ to manage effort of industrial tuna fleets

Cap and trade provisions of VDS enable all PNA members to receive some benefits during ENSO events, regardless of where tuna are concentrated

Adaptations

Ask

L-W

W-W

L-L

W-L

S

‘Vessel Days Scheme’ to manage effort of industrial tuna fleets

Source: Bell et al. (2011) and Lehodey et al. (2011)

• Allocation of vessel days is adjusted regularly

• This should reduce the need for PNA members to trade fishing days as tuna move east

2050

2100

Adaptations

Develop and maintain trade preferences

• Global sourcing provisions of EPA with EU assists countries obtain and export fish

• Helps ensure viable industries as tuna move east

L-W

W-W

L-L

W-L

Photo: Peter Sharples

Adaptations

Immediate conservation measures for tuna

• Stopping overfishing of bigeye tuna, and preventing overfishing of other tuna, will:

maintain stocks at healthy levels make these valuable species more

resilient to climate change

L-W

W-W

L-L

W-L

Bigeye tuna

Adaptations

Energy audits for industrial fishing vessels

• Addresses likelihood of near-term rises in fuel costs

• Assists national fleets from west to go greater distances in the future to catch fish for their canneries

L-W

W-W

L-L

W-L

Photo: Bruno Leroy

Other adaptations

• Diversify sources of fish for canneries by: Requiring DWFNs to land some catch locally Enhancing access for national fleets to other EEZs

• Improve safety at sea for vessels fishing in the cyclone belt

• Climate-proof infrastructure to prevent inundation by rising sea levels and more severe cyclones

Suggested supporting policies Promote access agreements that are clear for all

stakeholders; and strengthen national capacity to implement effort schemes

Adjust tuna management plans to increase flexibility to sell tuna, or acquire tuna

Include implications of climate change in management objectives of WCPFC

Require tuna vessels to provide operational-level catch and effort data to improve tuna models

Suggested supporting policies

Develop further measures to reduce capture of bigeye tuna by purse-seine

Apply management measures to address the effects of climate change on tuna in archipelagic waters

Develop tuna products and distribution channels that minimise CO2 emissions

Key investments

• Full implementation of VDS for purse-seine and longline fisheries, and a fishing effort scheme for Te Vaka Moana Arrangement

• Establishment of authorities and systems to comply with EU conditions for food safety and IUU fishing

• Energy audits and energy efficiency programmes for national industrial tuna fleets

• Production chain accounting of all emissions from tuna fishing, processing and marketing

Conclusions

• Win-win adaptations are available to reduce risks and capitalise on opportunities

• Supporting policies and investments are required

• Integrate adaptations, policies and investments into national strategies and action plans for climate change