adaptation and heredity jean baptiste pierre antoine de monet, chevalier de lamarck (1744-1849)...

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Adaptation and Heredity • Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck (1744-1849) proposed new ideas about evolution. • Lamarck believe that “use and disuse” would determine how species changed over time. – Athletic training increases muscle size – Constant stretching for high branches = giraffe necks • He also believed that these traits could be passed on

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Page 1: Adaptation and Heredity Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck (1744-1849) proposed new ideas about evolution. Lamarck believe that

Adaptation and Heredity

• Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck (1744-1849) proposed new ideas about evolution.

• Lamarck believe that “use and disuse” would determine how species changed over time.– Athletic training increases muscle size– Constant stretching for high branches = giraffe necks

• He also believed that these traits could be passed on

Page 2: Adaptation and Heredity Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck (1744-1849) proposed new ideas about evolution. Lamarck believe that

• But he did propose that species evolve over time in response to their environment, and changes are passed on over generations.

Page 3: Adaptation and Heredity Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck (1744-1849) proposed new ideas about evolution. Lamarck believe that

• Charles Darwin began tracking observations in 1837, collecting data which he would use to create his theories on evolution.

• Much of his work is based on biogeography: the study of geographic distribution of organisms.

Page 4: Adaptation and Heredity Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck (1744-1849) proposed new ideas about evolution. Lamarck believe that

• Remote islands provided him a unique area to study, finding animals with unique behaviour and no fear of humans.

Page 5: Adaptation and Heredity Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck (1744-1849) proposed new ideas about evolution. Lamarck believe that

Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection

• Individuals born with an advantage (adaptation) would have the best chance for survival and then propagate; therefore increasing the strength of the species.

• Note: – Individuals ADAPT, populations EVOLVE. – A single change does not represent evolution until

it causes a population change.

Page 6: Adaptation and Heredity Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck (1744-1849) proposed new ideas about evolution. Lamarck believe that

Example of natural selection

• Darwin’s finches on the Galapagos Islands– The only feature that changed is the size and

shape of their beaks.– Occurred due to isolation and chance.

Page 7: Adaptation and Heredity Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck (1744-1849) proposed new ideas about evolution. Lamarck believe that
Page 8: Adaptation and Heredity Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck (1744-1849) proposed new ideas about evolution. Lamarck believe that

• Natural Selection:– Works on the

appearance of phenotypes, not genotypes that produce the trait.

– Reduces, but does not eliminate, the range of phenotypes.

– Shifts populations phenotypes based on environment.

Page 9: Adaptation and Heredity Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck (1744-1849) proposed new ideas about evolution. Lamarck believe that
Page 10: Adaptation and Heredity Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck (1744-1849) proposed new ideas about evolution. Lamarck believe that
Page 11: Adaptation and Heredity Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck (1744-1849) proposed new ideas about evolution. Lamarck believe that

Key Points of Natural Selection

• Individuals within a species vary in many ways.• Some of this variability is inheritable.• Members of the same species compete.• Organisms produce more offspring than the

environment can support, so only some will survive.• Individuals with favourable variations are more likely to

survive.• As these individuals contribute proportionately more

offspring to succeeding generations, the favourable generations will become more common.

Page 12: Adaptation and Heredity Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck (1744-1849) proposed new ideas about evolution. Lamarck believe that

Other Supporting Evidence

• Many organisms have homologous features:– Similar structures evolved with different functions.

Page 13: Adaptation and Heredity Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck (1744-1849) proposed new ideas about evolution. Lamarck believe that

• Many organisms have analogous features:– Structures that perform similar functions but

without the same structures or origins.

Page 14: Adaptation and Heredity Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck (1744-1849) proposed new ideas about evolution. Lamarck believe that

• Many organisms show vestigial features:– Missing or non-functioning structures that are

found in an organism.

Page 15: Adaptation and Heredity Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck (1744-1849) proposed new ideas about evolution. Lamarck believe that

• What Affects Evolution??

• Convergent Evolution – two species become similar due to environmental pressures.

Page 16: Adaptation and Heredity Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck (1744-1849) proposed new ideas about evolution. Lamarck believe that

• Divergent Evolution – two or more species become increasingly different due to environmental pressures.

Page 17: Adaptation and Heredity Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck (1744-1849) proposed new ideas about evolution. Lamarck believe that

• Coevolution – the evolution of one species as a response to the evolution of another species.