adam m ip mpls for r4 final print
TRANSCRIPT
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1Cisco subject to NDA 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Adam MacHale
October 2005
Cisco IP/MPLS for R4/5
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Customer proof of concept labs
CPOC Bedfont UK
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Agenda
What next for IP/MPLS backbone
QoS
Availability and convergence
ATM enabled RNC/MGW
IP enabled MGW
Deployment examples
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444 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Agenda
What next for IP/MPLS backbone
QoS
Availability and convergence
ATM enabled RNC/MGW
IP enabled MGW
Deployment examples
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Mobile operators proliferation of disparate
networks
Voice
2G Voice
3G Voice
EnterpriseRetail stores
Call centres
Corporate access
Data
2.5G GPRS
3G GPRS
EnterpriseRetail stores
Call Centres
Corporate access
Management
WAP
V110 Dial
WLANBilling
IPSec
Signalling
Paging
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Stage 1 migrate disparate networks to single MPLS core
Gn
Gi
Billing
Internet
IP/MPLS Core
Site 1
Site 3
Site 5
Site 5
Site 2
Site 4
Site 1
Site 2 Site 4
Site 6
Site 3 Site 5
Many networks on commonsites with different edgedevices and transmission
Single network over high capacitytransmission carrying all services
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The business case for a converged network
By reducing the number of networksLower transmission costs
E.g. cost of 9xE1 = 1xSTM1
Use alternates such as GE/10GE
Less maintenance contracts
Single management solution
Quickly deploy new services
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Stage 2 reducing complexity and overlap
DWDM/Dark Fibre
IP/MPLS
SS7 MSCBTS RNC GGSNSGSN PDSNMGW GRX
2G/3G R99 2G/3G R4/5
Dark Fibre
SONET/SDH
SS7 MSCBTS
RNC SGSN IPMGW
ATM
GGSNPDSN
GRX
FR
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What next for IP/MPLS core in mobile
Next stage driving deployment is the R4split architecture with VoIP
Operators looking to retire existing MSCsearly to reduce OPEX and cap investment
Availability of R4 IP deployments isaccelerating
Voice drives bandwidth with mobile
providers looking to upgrade opticalnetworks to provide additional bandwidth10Gig+
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2G voice
BTS BSC
BTS BSC
MSC
Ran Edge Ran Core
MSC
SDH
GMSC
PSTN
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2G and R99 voice
BTS BSC
NodeB RNC
BTS BSC
NodeB RNC
SDH
Ran Edge Ran Core
ATM
MGW MSC
MGW MSC
GMSC
PSTN
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BTS BSC
NodeB RNC
BTS BSC
NodeB RNC
Ran Edge Ran Core
MGW
MSC
MGW
MSC
GMSC
PSTN
MSCServer
ATM
R4 with ATM MGW voice interconnect
SDH
ATMIP/MPLSATM
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ATM
IP/MPLS
R4 with IP MGW voice interconnect
BTS BSC
NodeB RNC
BTS BSC
MGW
NodeB RNC
MGW
Ran Edge Ran Core
MSCServer
GMSC
PSTN
SDH
ATMIP/MPLSATM
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R5+
BTS BSC
NodeB RNC
BTS BSC
MGW
NodeB RNC
DWDM
MGW
Ran Edge Ran Core
IP/MPLS
MSCServer
GMGW
PSTN
IP/MPLS
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Converged backbone platform positioning
Infrastructure Core
12000CRS
IP/MPLS
Services
Iu-CS
Gn
Gn
SS7
Iur
Iu-CS
Iu-PS
12000Edge PE
7600Services PE
ITP
Iu-PS
GGSNPDSN
WLAN
RNC
SGSN
IPSec
Internet
GRX
3rd Party
Hosting
Data centre
Managed and secure
MGW
HLR
SCP
P
P
P
Transport Edge Services Edge
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Agenda
What next for IP/MPLS backbone
QoS
Availability and convergence
ATM enabled RNC/MGW
IP enabled MGW
Deployment examples
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Deploying Tight-SLA services on an IP Backbone
Physical network design and topology
Capacity planning and active monitoring
Diffserv: per-hop congestion managementTraffic engineering: avoid aggregation on shortest
path
ConvergenceFRR Protection
Tuning IGP Convergence
Number of tools are available to enabled tight SLA services
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Solution
Diffserv Architecture: RFC2475
Diffserv Domain
VoIP Bus Best-Effort
Classification andconditioning (meter,
marking, policing)at EDGE
Packet colourIn DSCP
VoIP
Bus
Best-
Effort
Aggregate PHBs in
backbone (EF, AF, DF,CSn)
Diffserv Domain
VoIP Bus Best-Effort
Classification andconditioning (meter,
marking, policing)at EDGE
VoIP Bus Best-Effort
Classification andconditioning (meter,
marking, policing)at EDGE
VoIP Bus Best-Effort
Classification andconditioning (meter,
marking, policing)at EDGE
VoIP Bus Best-Effort
Classification andconditioning (meter,
marking, policing)at EDGE
Packet colourIn DSCP
VoIP
Bus
Best-
Effort
Aggregate PHBs in
backbone (EF, AF, DF,CSn)
Packet colourIn DSCP
Packet colourIn DSCP
VoIP
Bus
Best-
Effort
Aggregate PHBs in
backbone (EF, AF, DF,CSn)
VoIP
Bus
Best-
Effort
Aggregate PHBs in
backbone (EF, AF, DF,CSn)
VoIP
Bus
Best-
Effort
Aggregate PHBs in
backbone (EF, AF, DF,CSn)
VoIP
Bus
Best-
Effort
Aggregate PHBs in
backbone (EF, AF, DF,CSn)
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Simple view of deploying QoS
Correctly mark all traffic entering the
network
Deploy a single queuing scheme based onproportional differentiation model on all
links
Capacity planning essential to ensuringadequate provisioning of bandwidth
Strictly manage the volume of traffic inclasses with a low drop tolerance
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Marking at the edge
2.5G SGSN
DLCI 1004 user traffic FRoMPLS Exp 2
IuCS up VPI 10 VCI 20 AAL2 CBR
IuPS up VPI 11 VCI 100 IP/AAL5 UBR Prec 1
IuCS cp VPI 10 VCI 30 SSCOP/AAL5 nrt VBR
DLCI 1005 control traffic FRoMPLS Exp 6
Cell ATMoMPLS Exp 5
Cell ATMoMPLS Exp 6
IuPS up VPI 11 VCI 100 IP/AAL5 UBR Prec 0
Frame Relay DS0s presented on CH STM1
ATM STM1/4
3G RNC
2.5/3G GGSN
Gigabit Ethernet or 802.1Q VLAN trunk
VLAN1 IP Prec 4
VLAN1 IP Prec 2
VLAN2 IP Prec 4
VRF 1 Exp 1
VRF 1 Exp 0
VRF 1 Exp 4
VRF 1 Exp 2
VRF 2 Exp 4
LFIB
TE tunnel
LLQ OutboundInterfacePOS or GE
CPE 12000 PE
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QoS Mapping for 3G Data Roaming (From
GSMA PRD IR.34)
3GPP QoS Information QoS Requirement on GRX
Traffic Class THP
Diffserv
PHBDSCP
MaxDelay
MaxJitter
Packet Loss
SDUErrorRatio
Service
Example
Conversational N/A EF 101110 20ms 5ms 0.5% 10-6VoIP, VideoConferencin
g
Streaming N/A AF41 100010 40ms 5ms 0.5% 10-6 Audio/VideoStreaming
1 AF31 011010250m
sN/A 0.1% 10-8
Transactional Services
2 AF21 010010300m
sN/A 0.1% 10-8
WebBrowsing
Interactive
3 AF11 001010350m
sN/A 0.1% 10-8 Telnet
Background N/A BE 000000400m
sN/A 0.1% 10-8
E-mailDownload
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3GPP to Diffserv marking the edge
118AFInteractive Bronze
3324AFInteractive Gold
6648AFRouting/signalling
5540EFConversational
AAL2 voice
Best Effort
Interactive Silver
Streaming Gold
3GPP Class
Default
AF
AF
Diffserv
0
2
4
MPLS Exp
00
2
4
IP Prec
16
32
DSCP
118AF
3324AF
6648AFRouting/signalling
5540EFConversational
AAL2 voice
Best Effort
Streaming
3GPP Class
BE
AF
AF
Diffserv
0
2
4
MPLS Exp
00
2
4
IP Prec
16
32
DSCP
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3GPP to Diffserv and MPLS Exp marking in
the core
6648AFRouting/signalling
5540EFConversational
AAL2 voice
Best Effort
Business
Class
Default
AF
Diffserv
0
4
MPLS Exp
00
4
IP Prec
32
DSCP
6648AFRouting/signaling
5540EFConversational
IP/AAL2 voice
Best Effort
Business
Class
Default
AF
Diffserv
0
4
MPLS Exp
00
4
IP Prec
32
DSCP
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MQC queuing setup
WFQ
Interface
4 44 40 4 4 6 5
0 00 0
ExhaustiveQueuing
5 55 5
Routing/signalling
Best Effort
4
FIFO
WRED10%
Priority max 80%Priority / AAL2
6 6
Business
% is of remaining bandwidth after priority queue
Tx
90%
WREDWRED
WREDWRED
6 6
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Measuring SLA Metrics
Availability and performance
Service Assurance Agent probes Traffic type and volume
Netflow Traffic monitoring
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Availability and measurement
Service Assurance Agent (SAA)
SAA actively sends user defined probes into the network
Used to measure delay, jitter application responsivenessHTTP,DNS etc
SAA is available in all IOS images at no additional cost
SAA Source SAA TargetNetwork
Equal Time SpacingMultiple Test Packets
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Cisco Service Assurance Agent reporting
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Cisco Service Assurance Agent reporting
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Traffic type and volume
Netflow traffic monitor
7 unique keys define a flow:
Source IP address
Destination IP address
Source port
Destination port
Layer 3 protocol type
TOS byte (IP DSCP + ECN bits)
Input logical interface (ifIndex)
Netflow can be enabled on IOS routersin order to monitor traffic flows
Exported Data
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Netflow Report example
Cisco NetFlowPerformanceReporting
Protocol Distributionand Top Talkers
AS Distribution andTop Talkers
Performance DetailDrilldown
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Agenda
What next for IP/MPLS backbone
QoS
Availability and convergence
ATM enabled RNC/MGW
IP enabled MGW
Deployment examples
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Define requirements for each service What is the service availability requirement
Often quoted 5-9s target equal to 5 minutes down time
Is end application resilient
What is the convergence requirement in event offailure
For IP user data an outage of 3 seconds may beacceptable
For signalling an outage of 60 seconds may be acceptableif using diverse paths (SCTP will recover) or 800msunprotected
For user voice an outage of less than 300-500ms may berequired
If targeting SDH/SONET protection may require sub 50msfor all services
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Platform availability
This is a predicted MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures) that is based
on the Telcordia (formerly Bellcore) Parts Count Method.
availability non redundant 99.985 % or 79 minutes
availability with redundant power 99.993% or 37 minutes
availability with redundant power and GRP 99.996% or 21 minutes
12406 availability
Transmission availability
Typical figure offered by a service provider 99.94% or 5 hrs
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Network availability
Based on worst path with all 12406 routers
Network availability 99.99980%
Or 1 minute downtime per year
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Convergence
Fast convergence protocols
ISIS, OSPF, LDP, BGP, VPNTypically convergence in seconds
MPLS TE FRR
Link, node, path protection
Target sub 50ms
Covered in examples
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Good operation and maintenance increases uptime
IP Solution Center
A family of network-intelligentelement managementapplications for managingMPLS and Metro Ethernetnetworks.
MPLS Virtual Private NetworkManagement Application(ISC:MPLS)
Layer 2 Virtual Private Networkand Metro Ethernet Application(ISC:L2VPN, ISC:METRO)
Traffic EngineeringManagement Application(ISC:TEM)
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The Cisco Approach Intelligent MPLS Instrumentation and Cisco
MPLS Diagnostics Expert (GA Dec 2005)
Type in Simple detailse.g. Customer Edge IP
addresses and pressOK to start
Simple GUI telling youwhereproblem is, whatis underlying root cause
and recommendedaction 100+ potential
failure scenarioschecked automatically
repeatable process
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Agenda
What next for IP/MPLS backbone
QoS Availability and convergence
ATM enabled RNC/MGW
IP enabled MGW
Deployment examples
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R4 with ATM MGW voice interconnect
BTS BSC
NodeB RNC
BTS BSC
MGW
NodeB RNC
MSCServer
MGW
Ran Edge Ran Core
GMSC
PSTN
SDH
ATMIP/MPLS
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L2transport
Any Transport over MPLS (AToM) Supports
Ethernet (port, VLAN), ATM VC/VP, FR DLCI, PPP, HDLC
Directed LDP used for VC-Label Negotiation, withdrawal and Error
Notification Martini encapsulation for PDU transport
Integrates with Diffserv QoS, TE and FRR
IP/MPLS
ATM
Ethernet
FR
ATM
Ethernet
FR
ATMoMPLS Pseudo wire
EoMPLS Pseudo wire
FRoMPLS Pseudo wire
PE PE
PseudowiresL2 connections L2 connections
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Deployment considerations for ATM enabled MGWover and MPLS backbone
Resilience
Optimization
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Deployment considerations for ATM enabled MGWover and MPLS backbone
Resilience
Optimization
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R4 with ATM enabled MGW
Diverse VPI/VCI paths
AToM single cell relay
Convergence requirement 500ms for link and node failure
ATM service carries voice as AAL2 and data as AAL5
ATM
ATM
RNCMGW
IP/MPLS
ATM VPI/VCI Active
ATM VPI/VCI Standby
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Example ATMoMPLS deployment
Diverse VPI/VCI paths
AToM single cell relay
Convergence requirement 500ms for link and node failure
ATM service carries voice as AAL2 and data as AAL5
P P
P
P
PE1
PE2
ATM
PE3
PE3
ATM
RNCMGW
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One hop primary tunnels link protection
P P
P
P
Autoroute used to direct traffic down tunnels
All tunnels are static
PE
PE
PE
PE
Primary one hop tunnel
MGWMGW
One hop tunnels reduces total number of tunnels
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FRR link protection of all links sub 50ms restoration
P P
P
P
Primary
Backup
PE
PE
PE
PE
RNCMGW
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Link failure detection
POS
AIS alarm is used to trigger FRR protection, detected
within a few ms
SDH/SONET has end to end signalling
GE
LOS based GE triggers FRR when GE interface goes down
Can be as fast as POS but should only be deployed overdark fibre or optical network with end to end signalling
SDHSDH SDHSDH
Yes
Yes with signalling
No, BFD will help
but not as fast
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Traffic directed down full mesh of end to end tunnels
P P
P
P
PE
PE
PE
PE
Data path
RNCMGW
Full mesh of tunnels needs to managed carefully
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Node protection for P node failure sub 50ms restoration
P P
P
P
PE
PE
PE
PE
Primary
Backup
Data path
RNCMGW
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Failures not protected by FRR
P P
P
P
PE
PE
PE
PE
MGWMGW
Can build HA into platform but will not achieve platform availability of 5 9s
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AToM resilience for PE failure
OAM RDI is sent out on ATM VCand MGW uses redundant path12.0.26S
MR-APS 12.0.30S
Backup Pseudowire 12.0.31S
Deployment considerations for ATM enabled MGW
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Deployment considerations for ATM enabled MGWover and MPLS backbone
Resilience
Optimization
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ATM over MPLS
Tunnel
header
AToM
header
Payload
4 bytes 8 bytes
48 bytes
ATMHeader
5 bytes
Payload
48 bytes
ATM
header
4 bytes
HEC
ATM Cell
AToM
HDLCheader
PPPheader
3 bytes 2 bytes
FCS and Flag
ATM Cell
3 - 5 bytes
AToM
Tunnelheader
AToMheader
4 bytes 8 bytes
Payload
48 bytes
ATMheader
4 bytes
PPP
HDLC
POS
ATM over MPLS 22 bytes per ATM Cell
VC, VP and port mode
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Cell packing on 4 port STM1 ATM Engine 3
Effect of cell packing on throughput &
latency for 100Mbps of ATMoMPLS
0
50
100
150200
250
300
350
1 2 3 4 10 20 28
Cell pack
Latencyus/B
andwith
Mbp
sLatency usBandwidth
ATM Cell Packing
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1 MCPT timeout group per interface; 3 independenttimers
Values set in microseconds in 50 microsecondincrements up to 25 milliseconds
Maximum Cells set on the VC, VP, Port
Cell-packing command specifies timer 1 is to be used.
gMaximum Cell Packing Timers (MCPT)
int atm 7/1
atm mcpt-timer 50 100 300 In microseconds
atm pvp 1 l2transport
xconnect 122.122.102.102 101 encapsulation mpls
cell-packing 5 mcpt-timer 1
Example Configuration forpacking 5 cells with anMCPT of 50 microseconds
(mcpt-timer 1)
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Agenda
What next for IP/MPLS backbone
QoS Availability and convergence
ATM enabled RNC/MGW
IP enabled MGW
Deployment examples
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IP/MPLS
R4 with IP MGW voice interconnect
BTS BSC
NodeB RNC
BTS BSC
MGW
NodeB RNC
MGW
Ran Edge Ran Core
MSCServer
GMSC
PSTN
SDH
ATMIP/MPLS
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Deployment considerations for IP enabled MGW
Resilience
Call admission controlOverheads
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Deployment considerations for IP enabled MGW
Resilience
Call admission controlOverheads
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Deployment considerations for IP enabled MGW
PE or CE or hybrid?
ATM, GE or POS connected?
Dual homed?
Multiple IP addresses
Single destination IP address with mulitple physical connections
Multiple ATM VCs (L2)
Is the MGW redundant path aware and does it converge?
What are the effects of loss of control/user plain connections?
Clocking and synchronisation?
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Simple deployment of two MGW to be considered
IP/MPLS
MGW1 MGW2
User plane
Control plane
MSCServer
Example of a MGW connected via multiple HSRP groups
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Example of a MGW connected via multiple HSRP groups
P P
P
P
PE
PE
PE
PEMGW
HSRP
.4
.3
.2
.1
MGW
HSRP
.4
.3
.2
.1
Active
Tunnel1
Tunnel2
Active
MGW1 MGW2
12.0.30S supportsFast HSRP hellos50ms hello, 250ms dead
User and control plane may use separate HSRP groups
MSC Server not shown
Data path
Primary tunnel
Backup tunnel
Li k i f ll li k
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Link protection of all links
P P
P
P
Primary
Backup
PE
PE
PE
PEMGW
HSRP
.4
.3
.2
.1
ActivePE
PEMGW
HSRP
.4
.3
.2
.1
Active
MGW1 MGW2
Data path
Primary tunnel
Backup tunnel
N d t ti f P d f il
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Node protection for P node failure
P P
P
P
Primary
Backup
PE
PEMGW
HSRP
.4
.3
.2
.1
ActivePE
PEMGW
HSRP
.4
.3
.2
.1
Active
MGW1 MGW2
Data path
Primary tunnel
Backup tunnel
FRR does not protect from PE failure
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FRR does not protect from PE failure
P P
P
P
PE
PE
PE
PEMGW1
HSRP
.4
.3
.2
.1
MGW2
HSRP
.4
.3
.2
.1
Active
Active
Tunnel1
Tunnel2HSRP fails over to PE2 in 250ms
MGW1 converges quicklyReturn path is the problem
Data path
Primary tunnel
Backup tunnel
FRR attempts a fix
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FRR attempts a fix
P P
P
P
PE
PE
PE
PEMGW
HSRP
.4
.3
.2
.1
MGW
HSRP
.4
.3
.2
.1
Active
Active
Tunnel1
Tunnel2
FRR attempts to reroute round link failure
MGW1 MGW2
Data path
Primary tunnel
Backup tunnel
MPLS VPN eventually converges
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MPLS VPN eventually converges
P P
P
P
PE
PE
PE
PEMGW
HSRP
.4
.3
.2
.1
MGW
HSRP
.4
.3
.2
.1
Active
Active
Tunnel1
Tunnel2L3 VPN converges
MGW1 MGW2
Data path
Primary tunnel
Backup tunnel
Convergence for PE node failure Feb 2005
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Convergence for PE node failure Feb 2005
All VPNv4
PE power off failure far end convergence
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
999990 999992 999994 999996 999998
prefix nr
trafficloss(msec)
0%
50%
100%average
90%
Convergence for PE node failure Aug 2005
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Convergence for PE node failure Aug 2005
PE power off failure far end convergence
0
500
1000
1500
2000
0 2 4 6 8
prefix nr
trafficloss(msec)
0%
50%
90%
100%
Deployment considerations for IP enabled MGW
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Deployment considerations for IP enabled MGW
Resilience 5 9sCall admission control
Overheads
In R4 split MSC the user plain and control planeare separate
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are separate
IP/MPLS
MGW1 MGW2
User plane
Control plane
MSCServer
PE PE
There may be enough bandwidth tosignal a call but not to carry it
Capacity planning real time traffic based on known topology
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Capacity planning real time traffic based on known topology
MGW
MGW
MGW
MGW
PE
PE
PE
PEP P
STM1 ATM
STM1 POS
Max callCapacity90Mbps
30Mbps CBR
30Mbps CBR
30Mbps CBR
Only real time priority queueconsidered in this example
and no over booking
STM1 POS
Capacity planning real time traffic using TE
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Capacity planning real time traffic using TE
MGW
MGW
MGW
MGW
PE
PE
PE
PEP P
STM1 ATM
STM1 POS
Max callCapacity90Mbps
30Mbps CBR
30Mbps CBR
30Mbps CBR
MPLS TE uses RSVP to reserve bandwidth ensuring trafficis well distributed and priority queue is not over booked
IP/MPLScore
30Mbps
TE tunnels
ISC:TEM Major Features
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j
Discovery, Audit and Provisioning
Manage change
Provision primary tunnels
FRR link and node protection
Bandwidth Protection
Compute placement of Fast Reroutebackup tunnels to protect critical network
elementsProtect bandwidth against link, node, orSRLG (Shared Risk Link Group) failures
Can take into account delay figures forlinks from other sources ie find a pathwith 10Mbps and 5ms delay for primary
and backup.
The CAC problem
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p
Can us static TE tunnels across network to ensurerequired capacity is available but what traffic load do
you base the tunnels on?Busiest hour of the year (new years eve at 2359hrs)
Over provisioning can be expensive
As is often the case plan for 95th percentile relying ongraceful degradation on other occasions
In an IP based solution degradation may not be graceful
What failure cases do you include?
Link or node failure could double bandwidth on links
Will this failure occur at the busiest hour?
Example traffic profile from red MGW evendistribution of calls
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MGW1 MGW3
MGW2 MGW4
2.5G
1G
Each MGW can support up to 1G of calls, assume even distribution
0.33G
0.33G 0.33G
PE1 PE3
PE2 PE4
Traffic profile from all MGW even distribution
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p
MGW1 MGW3
MGW2 MGW4
2.5G
1G
Each MGW can support up to 1G of calls, assume even distribution
0.66G
0.33G 0.33G
PE1 PE3
PE2 PE4
0G0.33G 0.66G 0.33G
0.33G
0.G
0.33G
0.33G
0.66G0.33G
0.66G 0G
0G
Loading on links from all MGW even distribution
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MGW1 MGW3
MGW2 MGW4
2.5G
1G
Each MGW can support up to 1G of calls, assume even distribution
1.33G
1.33G 1.33G
PE1 PE3
PE2 PE4
1.33G
Loading on links during failure
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MGW1 MGW3
MGW2 MGW4
2.5G
1G
Each MGW can support up to 1G of calls, assume even distribution
2.66G
1.33G 1.33G
PE1 PE3
PE2 PE4
Congestion
Deployment considerations for IP enabled MGW
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Resilience 5 9sCall admission control
Overheads
Voice over IP encapsulation
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G.729 no cRTP / no VAD:
(20 + 40) * 8 * 50 = 26.4kbps
G.729 cRTP / no VAD:(20 + 4) * 8 * 50 = 9.6kbps
G729 packet RTP UDP
20 bytes 12 bytes 8 bytes
IP Header
20 bytes
60 bytes
G729 packet
20 bytes 2-4 bytes
cRTP
24 bytes
*Sampling interval 20ms
cRTP reduces voicebandwith
requirement by 60%
VoIP over MPLS VPN with TE
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20 byte voice becomes 82 bytes
82x8x50 = 33kbps
In an attempt to reduce latency sampling may be 100 times asecond
72x8x100 = 58kbps
G729 packet RTP UDP
20 bytes 12 bytes 8 bytes
IP Header
20 bytes
MPLS/POS
22 bytes
Agenda
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What next for IP/MPLS backbone
QoS
Availability and convergence
ATM enabled RNC/MGW
IP enabled MGW
Deployment examples
Customer example Vodafone UK
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