adam hoover, eric muth electrical & computer engineering dept psychology dept clemson university
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Adam Hoover, Eric Muth Electrical & Computer Engineering Dept Psychology Dept Clemson University. The Bite Counter. Outline. 1. The obesity problem. 2. Our concept. 3. How it works (and how well). 4. Manufacturing. 5. Pilot study. The Obesity Problem. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Adam Hoover, Eric MuthElectrical & Computer Engineering Dept
Psychology DeptClemson University
The Bite Counter
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Outline
1. The obesity problem
2. Our concept
3. How it works (and how well)
4. Manufacturing
5. Pilot study
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The Obesity Problem
More than 27% of U.S. adults, ages 20-74, are obese
U.S Department of Health and Human Services, 2007
Worldwide, over 1 billion adults (ages 15+) are overweight or obese
World Health Organization, 2009
Related health risks include cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and hypertension
$117 billion annualy to treat obesity-related issues in U.S.
Kelly, “Obesity: Health and Medical Issues Today”, 2000
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New tools needed
04/21/23 4
• Joint NSF/NIH Workshop• (Ershow et al. 2007) “Engineering Approaches to Energy Balance and
Obesity: Opportunitites for Novel Collaborations and Research”
• Journal of the American Dietetic Association• (Thompson et al. 2010) “Need for Technological Innovation in Dietary
Assessment”• (McCabe-Sellers et al. 2010) “Advancing the Art and Science of Dietary
Assessment through Technology”
International Obesity Society: 10,000 researchersObesity Society (U.S.): 2,500 researchers
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Balancing Energy Output and Intake
Tools can assist counting input and output
X Y+ = weight loss/gain
exercise diet healthy weight
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Tools: Measuring Energy Output
Odometers measure time, distance, velocity
Provide rough estimate of calories burned
Commonly used in exercise
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Tools: Pedometer
A pedometer is worn on the waist
Measures steps, e.g. during exercise
Can be worn all day, used anywhere
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Tools: Measuring Energy Intake
Manually counting calories
Calorie or food diary
Pre-packaged foods and serving sizes
None of these are easy to use consistently over long periods of time
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Our concept: Bite counter
Automatically tracks how many bites of food have been taken
Can vibrate to tell you when to stop eating
Worn like a watch
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How do bites relate to calories?
Weight loss does not happen in a single meal (or bite); it takes weeks to months of consistently consuming less food
1 pound per week is a common guideline (American Heart Association)
People are bad at counting calories
Undercounting 200-500 calories per day (Champagne et. al. 2002)
Calories are not as accurate as we like to believe
Frozen dinners 8% under, fast food 18% under (Urban et. al. 2010)
People tend to eat the same foods week-to-week
Reduce the bites … reduce the calories
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Does bite size matter?
At daily and weekly intervals, goals could be given to smooth out spikes in eating behavior
10-75, based upon our testing
Example: After a week of monitoring, we determine your average lunch bite count is 38; we recommend reducing that to 32
Example: Upon reaching dinner, the device indicates you have already consumed 183 bites today; a small dinner is recommended
How many bites do you eat in a meal?
Bite count goals will be customized to the individual, and will be based upon monitoring the individual for a week
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Advantages of our device
Objective
No guessing, or thinking back over a day to total consumption
Automated
You can be doing other things (talking with friends, working, watching TV, etc.); the device does all the counting
Real-time feedback
The device can give you cues to stop eating BEFORE you have consumed more than you intended
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How it works
The wrist undergoes a characteristic roll motion during the taking of a bite of food
Biologically, this can be related to the necessary orientations for (1) picking food up, and (2) placing food into the mouth
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How it works
Tracking the wrist roll motion, we have identified a 3-event pattern that corresponds to the taking of a bite of food
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Demo
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How well does it work?
Experiment #1: Waffles
51 subjects, 139 meals, same food (waffles), same utensil
94% bites correctly detected
80% positive predictive value
Experiment #2: Any foods, in lab
47 subjects, 49 meals, any food (and drink), any utensil
88% bites correctly detected
76% positive predictive value
Talking, other actions during 67% of bites
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Experiment #3: Two weeks
04/21/23 17
Test relationship between bites and calories• 83 subjects wore for 2 weeks• 3246 meals• 76% have correlation > 0.4• 69% between 0.4 and 0.7
Correlation: 0.4
Correlation: 0.7
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Experiment #4: Cafeteria
04/21/23 18
Instrumented dining tableHarcombe Dining Hall; seats 800 people
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How do we build it?
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Embedded System Design
Lab model Watch model
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Breadboarding and parts selection
gyroscope
LCD
processor
battery, holder
charger
I/O (buttons, speaker, vibratory motor, USB port)
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Processor
development board dev board JTAG-USB
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LCD
surfboard and custom breakout board
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Gyroscope
typically follow “application circuit” from manual
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Battery
How long will it run?
What can you wear?
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Design stages
Breadboard Circuit diagrams
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Design stages
Circuit diagrams Printed circuit board (PCB) & manufacturing
EEEA, Inc
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Design stages
PCB Molding and case production
Center Line Technology
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Design stages
PCB, case
Assembly
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Bite counter PCB
gyroscope
processor
LCDbattery
USB port
USB-RS232 bridge
speaker
buttonsJTAG
charger