acute visual loss
DESCRIPTION
Acute visual lossTRANSCRIPT
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Acute visual dysfunction
Sendhil KumarSenior registrar
Ophthalmology DepartmentSCGH
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Definition
Loss of vision over few minutes to daysUnilateral or Bilateral
Part or full visual field
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Patho-physiology
Optical media
Retinal layer
Optic nerve dysfunction
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absentpresent
Anterior or posterior segment media issues
RAPD
+
Optic nerve dysfunction/ gross retinal
pathology
Macular/ limited retina
-
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Relevant history
Pain +/-Trauma
Central/PeripheralFlashes/Floaters
Co-morbidsMedication
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Examination
• General Status• Vision• RAPD• Slit-Lamp• IOP• Funduscopy
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Painless…
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Retinal vein occlusion
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Central retinal artery occlusion
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Retinal detachment
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Advance Diabetic Eye Disease
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Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
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Papiledema
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Subretinal bleed
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Ischemic optic neuropathy
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Painful…
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Acute congestive glaucoma
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Signs of keratitis
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Keratitis
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Trauma
Sphincter tear
Cataract Angle recession
Hyphaema
Lens subluxation
Iridodialysis Vossius ring
Rupture of globe
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Macular hole Optic neuropathyEquatorial tears
Choroidal rupture and haemorrhageCommotio retinae Avulsion of vitreous base
and retinal dialysis
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Flat anterior chamber
Vitreous haemorrhage
Damage to lens and iris
EndophthalmitisTractional retinal detachment
Uveal prolapse
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Grading of severity of chemical injuries
• Clear cornea
Grade I (excellent prognosis)
• Limbal ischaemia - nil
• Cornea hazy but visible iris details
Grade II (good prognosis)
• Limbal ischaemia < 1/3
• No iris details
Grade III (guarded prognosis)
• Limbal ischaemia - 1/3 to 1/2
• Opaque cornea
Grade IV (very poor prognosis)
• Limbal ischaemia > 1/2
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Optic NeuritisRetrobulbar neuritis (normal disc)
Papillitis (hyperaemia and oedema)
•
•
•
Neuroretinitis (papillitisand macular star)
•
•
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Slit-lamp