activity 1.e.4: proffessional training and specialist knowledge-gaining training on off-season...

Activity 1.E.4: Proffessional training and specialist knowledge-gaining

Training on off-season vegetable and seedling production techniques and technologies

find solutions. achieve success. assure future.

Method of raising and transplanting plants

Direct seeding Seedling production

• Pricking out seedlings

• Direct seeding into pots


Direct seeding

The seeds will be seeded directly on the field

Field has to be prepared

Seeding in line

The distance between the seeds depends on the types of vegetable

3-4 weeks longer until the harvest


Seedling production

The benefit of a seedling production:

To optimize the up growth of he seedling

Homogeneous growth

Saving of space

The time from planting until harvest is much shorter than time from drilling until the harvest


Pricking out seedlings

First the seeds will be seeded in boxes for the plant cultivation After 10 -14 days, the seedlings will be pricking out into pots Selection of homogeneous plants The time of plant cultivation depends on the time of the year

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Pikieren_Tomatens%C3%A4mlinge_2.JPG


Direct seeding into pots

Different types of peat bales

Speedy Different

Pot systems


planting in spring

Start to plant or to seed out in the open land depends on the weather and the temperature

Possible in the middle of March

Field should be dry enough

After planting, the plants should be watered


Technique for planting


Possible vegetable crops

Different kinds of lettuce• From the beginning of March

Cauliflower• From the middle of March

Kohlrabi• From the beginning of March

Fennel• From the middle of March


Protecting the plants

Against cold temperatures at the beginning of spring

Using foil or fleece Both together

benefit: • Faster growth • Earlier harvest (or

longer in autumn) • Less damage due to

cold temperature• guaranteed yield and

increased quality• Less insects


Possibilities of using foil and fleece

Mulching sheet

Flat film with foil or fleece

Mini-tunnel for bed Low tunnel

High tunnel (walkable)

Foil greenhouse (single or venlo type)


Working with foil and fleece

Using one foil or fleece


Working with foil and fleece

Using two foils or fleeces


Mulching sheet

an other possibility to use foil

Protects the plants from weed

Soil get earlier warm in Spring

Longer water holding capacity

Higher quality of the crops especially in lettuce


Rotation of crops

It is important for the health of the plants

not the same crops from the same family one after the other

If it is possible change crop every year

Crop waiting time• Cabbage: 3 years• Onion: 5 years• Carrots 5 years


Cauliflower

Planting: beginning of March until July

Harvest from May until oktober

Just every 2 to 4 years on the same field (rotation of crops)

2 crops are possible


Cauliflower

Needs a lot of nutrients• 300 kg N/ ha (0-60 cm)• Minimum supply of 80 kg N/

ha by planting

Harvest residues: 30 dt/ha dry-matter• 140-180 kg N

Mechanical weed control 2 or 3 times

Protect flower by buckling the leaves


Kohlrabi

Planting: March until July

Harvest from beginning of May until October

Because of the short growth stage a good preceding and catch crops


Kohlrabi

Needs also a lot of nutrients• 230 kg N/ ha (0-60 cm)• Minimum supply of 80 kg N/

ha by planting

Harvest residues: 10 dt/ha dry-matter• 50 kg N

Taking free from weeds


Lettuce

Planting: beginning of March until beginning of September

Nearly the hole year possible

Harvest from May until October

Prefers crops with a lot of nutrient as preceding crops

Doesn‘t like itself as preceding crop


Lettuce

nutrients• 130 kg N/ ha (0-30 cm)• Minimum supply of 80 kg N/ ha

by planting

Harvest residues: 5 dt/ha dry-matter• 25 kg N

Taking free from weeds • Hacking 2 to 3 times

mechanically


Lamb‘s lettuce

Planting or sowing

August until September

Also possible in winter with foil or in a foil tunnel

Harvest from May until October

Doesn’t like fields with a lot of weeds

Doesn‘t like himself as preceding crop


Lamb‘s lettuce

Low level of nutrients• 85 kg N/ ha (0-30 cm)

• Minimum supply of 80 kg N/ ha by planting

Harvest residues: insignificant

Taking free from weeds

Harvest: the whole plant


Tomatoes

Hard Young plants Grafted plants Varieties

• Cherry-Types• Plum tomatoes

Resistances• Korkroots• Clavibacter


Cucumbers

Mini, Mid types Grafting

• Strong• Fast• More Expensive• Less Pests


Peppers, Sweet Peppers, Chilis

Big amount of Varieties Big amount of Possibilities Is there a market for Bell pepper?


Greenhouses, simple Tunnelsystem

Tunnel systems Cheap Movable Simple Venting systems Basic production

Lettuces, Radish

Spinach, …


Improved Tunnel-Blocktypes

High constructions Good for mechanising Tomato, Cucumber, Peppers The more air above the head,

the better the climate Side and roof venting

systems Strong constructions


Glas- and Venlo types

Venlo Hydro ponics Heating CO2 Energy screens Computers

activity 1.e.4: proffessional training and specialist knowledge-gaining training on off-season...

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