Activities

chapters 16, 17 & 20

Thymine = Adenine

Adenine = Thymine

Cytosine ≡ Guanine

Guanine ≡ Cytosine

• Fill in the bases of the mRNA that is been made

• Where in the cell is this going on?

• Cytoplasm/ribosome

• What is the name of the enzyme that helps this process take place?

• RNA polymerase

U C C U

UA

U

• Where in the cell do each of these 2 procedures occur?

• Transcription occurs in the nucleus, translation in the cytoplasm

• Which way does the DNA reading go? 5’ to 3’

Transcription

Translation

• Name the process observed in this drawing.

• Translation/protein synthesis

Amino acid

tRNA

Protein

mRNA

Ribosome

• Name the section of mRNA encased in the yellow box codon

• What is the name of the tip of the tRNA opposite to the yellow box? anticodon

• What is the name of the site marked X? E site (exit)

• What is the order of the sites used when forming a protein?

• A, P, E• What way does the ribosome

travel through the mRNA when reading it? 3’ to 5’

X

5'

3'

A site

P site

Name the type of mutationpoint mutation (silent)Did it cause a major problem? No Why or why not? Because the product is still the same.

• Compared to the mutation you just saw in the last slide, is this a critical mutation? If so why? Yes, because it stops the reading of the mRNA when it should not.

• What is the name of this type of mutation nonsense

• What other types of mutation exist that may cause drastic problems to the cell? Missense

• Name all the procedures (colored bars), locations in the cell where these occur, and the chemicals involved in each one of them (pointed with a green arrow).

• What is the name of the sections of the pre-mRNA pointed with the yellow arrows?

Amino acid

tRNA

Ribosomesection

Sections of ribosomemRNA

anticodon

E site A site

protein

intron

Pre-mRNA RNA polymeraseexonDNA

tRNA with a.a.

• what is an intron section of mRNA not needed to make the polypeptide

• and an exon? section of mRNA with information about needed polypeptide

• what is a restriction enzyme? Enzyme found in bacteria that destroy DNA

• which is the difference between sticky and blunt DNA? Sticky has one strand longer that the other, blunt has both the same size.

• what is a complementary DNA? The strand built according to the already present strand of DNA or mRNA used as a template.

• what is a recombinant DNA? That obtained from combining DNA from different sources to obtain one single product.

• What is a plasmid? Small circular DNA, used to manipulate genes in the laboratory

• This is paternal test done on the DNA of 4 individuals.

• A is the mother, B is the child.

• How many pieces of DNA does the child have in common with the mother? 4

• Who is the father, C or D? D, notice the DNA section not common with the mother have to be common with the father.

• What is the name of this technique?• Gel electrophoresis• What is used to cut the DNA in different

pieces? Restriction enzymes

A B C D