AcknowledgementThis study was performed with financial support of European Social Fund co-financed project 2009/0218/1DP/1.1.1.2.0/09/APIA/VIAA/099.

AcknowledgementThis study was performed with financial support of European Social Fund co-financed project 2009/0218/1DP/1.1.1.2.0/09/APIA/VIAA/099.

COMPARISON OF TRITICALE, WHEAT AND OAT SELECTION RESULTS IN ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL CONDITIONS

Kronberga A.1, Strazdina V.2, Vicupe Z.2

State Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute, LatviaState Stende Plant Breeding Institute, Latvia

www.priekuliselekcija.lv, artakron@navigator.lv

References Lammerts van Bueren E.T, Wilbois K-P., Ostergard H. (2007) European perspectives of organic plant breeding and seed production in a genomics era. Journal of Agriculture and Rural development in the Tropics and Subtropics, Supplement 89:101-120.Wolfe M., Baresel J., Desclaux D., Goldringer I., Hoad S., Kovacs G., Loschenberger F., Miedaner T., Ostergard H., Lammerts van Bueren E. (2008) Developments in breeding cereals for organic agriculture, Euphytica 163, 323-346.

References Lammerts van Bueren E.T, Wilbois K-P., Ostergard H. (2007) European perspectives of organic plant breeding and seed production in a genomics era. Journal of Agriculture and Rural development in the Tropics and Subtropics, Supplement 89:101-120.Wolfe M., Baresel J., Desclaux D., Goldringer I., Hoad S., Kovacs G., Loschenberger F., Miedaner T., Ostergard H., Lammerts van Bueren E. (2008) Developments in breeding cereals for organic agriculture, Euphytica 163, 323-346.

Experiment sheme for triticale, oat and wheatExperiment sheme for triticale, oat and wheat

Materials and methods Experiment with winter triticale, winter wheat and oat breeding lines was started parallel under organic and conventional growing conditions. The experimantal study was conducted at the Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute for triticale and at State Stende Cereal Breeding Institute for winter wheat and oats. The same lines were grown under both conditions and selection of the best ones according to breeder’s opinion with a respect to suitability for organic farming was done. 100 F5 winter triticale lines, 110 F3 and F4 winter wheat lines and 100 F4 oat lines were taken from conventional breeding material and sown in conventionally and organically managed fields in 2010. The conventional field was treated according to standard agricultural practices, including the use of herbicides and synthetic fertilizers. During the vegetation in 2010 different traits essential for growing under organic farming were evaluated for genotypes in both growing systems: winterhardiness, resistance to diseases, time of maturity, weed suppression ability as well as grain quality characteristics and plant productivity. About best 10 lines were selected from each growing conditions and evaluated in 2011 paralelly in organic and conventional conditions

Materials and methods Experiment with winter triticale, winter wheat and oat breeding lines was started parallel under organic and conventional growing conditions. The experimantal study was conducted at the Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute for triticale and at State Stende Cereal Breeding Institute for winter wheat and oats. The same lines were grown under both conditions and selection of the best ones according to breeder’s opinion with a respect to suitability for organic farming was done. 100 F5 winter triticale lines, 110 F3 and F4 winter wheat lines and 100 F4 oat lines were taken from conventional breeding material and sown in conventionally and organically managed fields in 2010. The conventional field was treated according to standard agricultural practices, including the use of herbicides and synthetic fertilizers. During the vegetation in 2010 different traits essential for growing under organic farming were evaluated for genotypes in both growing systems: winterhardiness, resistance to diseases, time of maturity, weed suppression ability as well as grain quality characteristics and plant productivity. About best 10 lines were selected from each growing conditions and evaluated in 2011 paralelly in organic and conventional conditions

Introduction About 9% of Latvian agricultural land is farmed organically. So far only one barley variety is registered especially for organic farming and farmers need varieties, which are suitable for organic farming.For creating varieties suitable for organic farming special triticale and barley breeding programmes has been started in Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute and oats and wheat breeding programme in Stende Cereal Breeding Institute.Several breeding strategies were used in breeding programs for organic farming (Wolfe et al, 2008):Currently available varieties from conventional breeding programs were used in organic fields;Breeding programs, where first steps (selection) are conducted under conventional conductions and further steps – in organic environments ;Breeding programs in which all breeding steps were done in organic fields with selection and propagation techniques that comply with organic principles.Currently in cereal breeding programmes for organic farming in Latvia second breeding strategy is used due to economic reasons. However, because of genotype by environment interaction more research is needed to define the best selection environment for selecting organic varieties (Lammerts van Bueren et al., 2007)

Introduction About 9% of Latvian agricultural land is farmed organically. So far only one barley variety is registered especially for organic farming and farmers need varieties, which are suitable for organic farming.For creating varieties suitable for organic farming special triticale and barley breeding programmes has been started in Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute and oats and wheat breeding programme in Stende Cereal Breeding Institute.Several breeding strategies were used in breeding programs for organic farming (Wolfe et al, 2008):Currently available varieties from conventional breeding programs were used in organic fields;Breeding programs, where first steps (selection) are conducted under conventional conductions and further steps – in organic environments ;Breeding programs in which all breeding steps were done in organic fields with selection and propagation techniques that comply with organic principles.Currently in cereal breeding programmes for organic farming in Latvia second breeding strategy is used due to economic reasons. However, because of genotype by environment interaction more research is needed to define the best selection environment for selecting organic varieties (Lammerts van Bueren et al., 2007)

Conclusions• Lines selected in common from organic and from conventional field did not have high yield in both growing conditions in 2011;• Triticale lines selected from organic field provided lower yield in 2011 in both growing conditions; it could be explained by effect of the growing conditions on the seed

material;• There was positive and significant correlation between yield in organic and conventional fields in 2011 for triticale lines selected under organic conditions, but no correlation

was stated for lines selected under conventional conditions;

• The preliminary results are contradictious and does not provide sound conclusions about effect of selection environment; the experiment will be continued in 2012

Conclusions• Lines selected in common from organic and from conventional field did not have high yield in both growing conditions in 2011;• Triticale lines selected from organic field provided lower yield in 2011 in both growing conditions; it could be explained by effect of the growing conditions on the seed

material;• There was positive and significant correlation between yield in organic and conventional fields in 2011 for triticale lines selected under organic conditions, but no correlation

was stated for lines selected under conventional conditions;

• The preliminary results are contradictious and does not provide sound conclusions about effect of selection environment; the experiment will be continued in 2012

Results of selection in 2010The preliminary results showed differences in breeders decisions about best genotypes selected in organically and conventionally managed fields. • For triticale 10 breeding lines from organic growing conditions and 11 ones from conventional growing conditions were selected; 6 of them were selected in common from organic and from conventional

field. • For wheat 16 lines from each growing conditions were selected. Only 4 genotypes where selected in common from both fields.• From 100 evaluated oat genotypes 10 lines were selected in each growing conditions according to breeder’s decision. Only one line was selected in common from organic and conventional fields. • For oat 10 lines from each growing conditions were selected also according to selection index (mathematical model). Only one line was the same as selected by breeder’s decision.

Results of selection in 2010The preliminary results showed differences in breeders decisions about best genotypes selected in organically and conventionally managed fields. • For triticale 10 breeding lines from organic growing conditions and 11 ones from conventional growing conditions were selected; 6 of them were selected in common from organic and from conventional

field. • For wheat 16 lines from each growing conditions were selected. Only 4 genotypes where selected in common from both fields.• From 100 evaluated oat genotypes 10 lines were selected in each growing conditions according to breeder’s decision. Only one line was selected in common from organic and conventional fields. • For oat 10 lines from each growing conditions were selected also according to selection index (mathematical model). Only one line was the same as selected by breeder’s decision.

100 F4 lines from conventional breeding material

100 F4 lines in organic field, about 10 best lines

selected

the same F4 lines in conventional field, about

10 best lines selected

Testing selected lines in both conventional and

organic fields

Testing selected lines in both conventional and

organic fields in two locations

2009

2010

2011

2012

Evaluated traitsEvaluated traits

Wheat Triticale Oat

Preliminary evaluation results of selected breeding lines in 2011Preliminary evaluation results of selected breeding lines in 2011

WinterhardinessLodging resistancePlant heightEar lenghtYieldGrain sizeGrain qualityResistance to diseases

WinterhardinessLodging resistancePlant heightSoil coverageYieldGrain sizeGrain qualityResistance to diseases

Plant growth habitLodging resistancePlant heightSpike lengthYieldGrain sizeGrain qualityResistance to diseases

l.33831

l.33847

l.33870

l.33877

l.33882

l.33892

l.33903

l.33909

l.33929

l.34157

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Yield of selected lines in conventional field, 2011

l.33843

l.33860

l.33866

l.33885

l.33886

l.33891

l.33901

l.33916

l.33927

l.33929

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Yield of selected lines in organic field, 2011

0426-47

0419-91

0421-107

0426-144

0415-77

0426-125

0419-104

0421-23

Dinaro

0422-59

0422-88

0415-31

0421-60

0421-92

0421-54

0426-144

0421-23

0422-26

Dinaro

0426-47

0422-59

0419-91

0422-88 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Yield of selected lines in organic field, 2011 (blue selected from organic, yelow -selected from conventional field

0422-88

Dinaro

0422-59

0419-104

0421-23

0415-77

0421-107

0426-144

0419-91

0426-47

0426-125

0426-47

0426-144

0422-26

0422-88

0422-59

0421-60

0421-54

0421-92

0419-91

Dinaro

0415-31

0421-23

012345678

Yield of selected lines in conventional field, 2011 (blue selected from organic, yelow -selected from conventional field

0426-47

0426-125

0426-144

0419-91

0419-104

Dinaro 0422-59

0422-88

0421-23

0421-107

0415-77

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Yield of lines selected from organic field, 2011

in conv. field in organic field

0426-47

0426-144

0419-91

0422-26

0422-59

Dinaro

0422-88

0421-23

0421-54

0421-60

0421-92

0415-310

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Yield of lines selected from conventional field, 2011

in conv. field in organic field

Figure 1. Yield of wheat genotypes, selected in both groving conditions, 2011

WHEAT• Lines selected in common from organic and from

conventional field did not have high yield in both growing conditions in 2011; There were negative significant correlation between yield of these lines r=-0.85*

WHEAT• Lines selected in common from organic and from

conventional field did not have high yield in both growing conditions in 2011; There were negative significant correlation between yield of these lines r=-0.85*

F-03-119

F-03-143

F-03-101

F-03-47

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Organic PriekuliOrganic StendeConventional

Olivin

F-05-55

F-03-119

F-03-141

F-03-143

F--04-93

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Yield of selected wheat varieties in organic field, 2011

OlivinF-03-47F-02-84F-06-66F-06-67

F-03-119F-06-6

F-03-143F-03-101

F-03-92F-05-35

3.33 6.99

4.1 6.16.37 8.09

5.49 87.57

4.695.63

Yield of selected wheat varieties in conventional field, 2011

Conventional field

Genotypes selected from

conv field

Cinventional fiels

Genotypes selected

from organic

field

Organic field

Genotypes selected

conventional field

Organic fieldGenotypes

selected from organic field

Mean 6.5 5.7 3.3 2.7

Min 4.7 3.4 2.2 1.2

Max8.1 7.3 4.6 5.1

Differences in yield for triticale genotypes selected from conventional and organic conditionsTRITICALE

• Triticale lines selected from organic field provided lower yield in 2011 in both growing conditions; it could be explained by effect of the growing conditions in previos year

• There was positive and significant correlation between yield in organic and conventional fields in 2011 for triticale lines selected under organic conditions, but no correlation was stated for lines selected under conventional conditions;

TRITICALE• Triticale lines selected from organic field provided lower

yield in 2011 in both growing conditions; it could be explained by effect of the growing conditions in previos year

• There was positive and significant correlation between yield in organic and conventional fields in 2011 for triticale lines selected under organic conditions, but no correlation was stated for lines selected under conventional conditions;

OATS• Lines selected in common from organic

and from conventional field have high only in organic conditions in 2011;

OATS• Lines selected in common from organic

and from conventional field have high only in organic conditions in 2011;