achizitia si prelucrarea datelor
TRANSCRIPT
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UNIVERSITATEA DE MEDICINA SI UNIVERSITATEA DE MEDICINA SI FARMACIE “Victor BabeFARMACIE “Victor Babeş”ş” TIMISOARA TIMISOARA
DISCIPLINA DEDISCIPLINA DE INFORMATICA MEDICALAINFORMATICA MEDICALA
http://moodle.http://moodle.umft.roumft.ro
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CURSUL 7CURSUL 7
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SEMNALE BIOLOGICESEMNALE BIOLOGICE
ACHIZITIE. ACHIZITIE. FILTRARE.FILTRARE.
SEMNALE PERIODICE.SEMNALE PERIODICE.
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1. ACHIZITIA 1. ACHIZITIA SEMNALELOR SEMNALELOR
BIOLOGICEBIOLOGICE
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1.1. DEFINITIE1.1. DEFINITIE EVOLUTIA IN TIMP A UNEI VARIABLE BIOLOGICEEVOLUTIA IN TIMP A UNEI VARIABLE BIOLOGICEEtapele de culegere a unui semnal biologicEtapele de culegere a unui semnal biologic
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• 1.2. CLASIFICARE1.2. CLASIFICARE
• a) DUPA NATURA:a) DUPA NATURA:– ELECTRICE (ECG, EEG, EMG etc)ELECTRICE (ECG, EEG, EMG etc)
– NE-ELECTRICE (presiune, concentratie etc)NE-ELECTRICE (presiune, concentratie etc)
• b) DUPA EVOLUTIE:b) DUPA EVOLUTIE:– PERIODICE (ECG)PERIODICE (ECG)
– NEPERIODICE (EEG)NEPERIODICE (EEG)
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• 1.3. SISTEME DE ACHIZITIE1.3. SISTEME DE ACHIZITIE• SEMNALE ELECTRICE : electroziSEMNALE ELECTRICE : electrozi
• NEELECTRICE: traductoriNEELECTRICE: traductori
(pH, presiune etc) (pH, presiune etc)
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1.4. CONVERSIA1.4. CONVERSIA ANALOG - NUMERICA ANALOG - NUMERICA
a) ESANTIONAREAa) ESANTIONAREA• DISCRETIZARE PE AXA OX (- timp -)DISCRETIZARE PE AXA OX (- timp -)
• PERIOADA DE ESANTIONARE: TPERIOADA DE ESANTIONARE: Tee (s) (s)
– Intervalul de timp intre 2 “citiri” consecutive ale semnaluluiIntervalul de timp intre 2 “citiri” consecutive ale semnalului
• FRECVENTA DE ESANTIONARE : fFRECVENTA DE ESANTIONARE : fee (Hz) (Hz)
– Nr. de “citiri” in unitatea de timp (nr.cit / sec)Nr. de “citiri” in unitatea de timp (nr.cit / sec)
ffee = 1 / T = 1 / Tee (1)(1)
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Exemplu: semnal inregistrat
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ESANTIONAREESANTIONARE
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ESANTIONAREESANTIONARE
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ESANTIONAREESANTIONARE
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• TEOREMA DE TEOREMA DE
ESANTIONAREESANTIONARE (Shannon)(Shannon)
ffee >= 2 . F >= 2 . Fmax max (2)(2)
• Frecventa de esantionare trebuie sa fie Frecventa de esantionare trebuie sa fie
cel putin egala cu dublul frecventei cel putin egala cu dublul frecventei
maxime a semnaluluimaxime a semnalului
• FRECVENTA NYQUIST : 2.FFRECVENTA NYQUIST : 2.Fmaxmax (Hz) (Hz)
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Esantionare corectaEsantionare corecta
Shortcut to St.exe.pif
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b) CUANTIZAREAb) CUANTIZAREA• DISCRETIZAREA INTENSITATII: AXA OYDISCRETIZAREA INTENSITATII: AXA OY
• INTERVALUL INTRE VINTERVALUL INTRE VMAXMAX SI V SI VMINMIN ESTE IMPARTIT IN “N” ESTE IMPARTIT IN “N”
TREPTE DE AMPLITUDINE TREPTE DE AMPLITUDINE
• VALOAREA UNEI CUANTE (trepte de ampl.): VALOAREA UNEI CUANTE (trepte de ampl.):
V = (V V = (V MaxMax - V - V minmin ) / N ) / N (3)(3)• REL. NUMARUL DE TREPTE – NR. DE BITI: nREL. NUMARUL DE TREPTE – NR. DE BITI: n
N = 2N = 2 n n (4)(4)
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CuantizareaCuantizarea
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1.5. CONVERTOARE A-N (CAN)1.5. CONVERTOARE A-N (CAN)
• FRECVENTA MAXIMA DE FRECVENTA MAXIMA DE ESANTIONARE (100 Hz - 1 MHz)ESANTIONARE (100 Hz - 1 MHz)
• NUMARUL DE BITI (8, 10, 12, 16)NUMARUL DE BITI (8, 10, 12, 16)
• DOMENIUL DE INTRARE DOMENIUL DE INTRARE (-10/+10 V,-1/+1 V, -0.01/+0.01 V)(-10/+10 V,-1/+1 V, -0.01/+0.01 V)
• NUMARUL DE CANALE NUMARUL DE CANALE (MULTIPLEXARE)(MULTIPLEXARE)
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1.6. REPREZENTAREA 1.6. REPREZENTAREA FRECVENTIALAFRECVENTIALA
• a) REPREZENTAREA SEMNALELOR:a) REPREZENTAREA SEMNALELOR:– TEMPORAL TEMPORAL
Ampl = f (timp)Ampl = f (timp)
– FRECVENTIAL (spectru) FRECVENTIAL (spectru) Ampl = f (frecv)Ampl = f (frecv)
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Exemplu: semnal sinusoidal de 1 Hertz si spectrul sau
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Semnal de 2 HzSemnal de 2 Hz
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Semnal mixt - suprapunereSemnal mixt - suprapunere
Shortcut to St.exe.pif
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Spectrele diferitelor semnaleSpectrele diferitelor semnale
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ANALIZA FOURIERANALIZA FOURIER• Definitie: DESCOMPUNEREA Definitie: DESCOMPUNEREA
SEMNALELOR IN COMPONENTELE SEMNALELOR IN COMPONENTELE LOR FRECVENTIALELOR FRECVENTIALE
• Tipuri de spectre: Tipuri de spectre: – AMPLITUDINEAMPLITUDINE– PUTERE (proportionala cu APUTERE (proportionala cu A22))
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• REZOLUTIA SPECTRALAREZOLUTIA SPECTRALA– Unui semnal discret ii corespunde un spectru Unui semnal discret ii corespunde un spectru
discretdiscret– DEFINITIE: DEFINITIE: distanta intre doua puncte vecine in distanta intre doua puncte vecine in
spectruspectru– RELATIA CU LUNGIMEA EPOCII RELATIA CU LUNGIMEA EPOCII (durata (durata
semnalului inregistrat, in secunde)semnalului inregistrat, in secunde)
f = 1 / f = 1 / T T (5)(5)
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1.7. Exemplu - problema1.7. Exemplu - problema
• Inregistram un semnal EMG folosind un CAN pe 10 biti, cu o frecventa de esantionare de 500 Hz, preluand epoci de cate 2 secunde. Semnalul de intrare are valori intre 0 si 100 mV. Calculati:
A) perioada de esantionare (in ms)
B) Frecventa maxima in spectru
C) Rezolutia spectrala
D) Numarul treptelor de amplitudine
E) Precizia de citire (valoarea unei cuante, cati mV corespund unui bit)
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• DEF: filtrare = eliminarea (diminuarea) DEF: filtrare = eliminarea (diminuarea) zgomotelorzgomotelor
• 2.1. CLASIFICAREA ZGOMOTELOR 2.1. CLASIFICAREA ZGOMOTELOR (perturbatii):(perturbatii):
PERIODICE (zgomot roz = frecvente joase)PERIODICE (zgomot roz = frecvente joase) NEPERIODICE (zgomot alb)NEPERIODICE (zgomot alb)• 2.2. RAPORTUL SEMNAL / ZGOMOT 2.2. RAPORTUL SEMNAL / ZGOMOT (decibeli (decibeli
dB)dB)• 2.3. MODURI DE FILTRARE2.3. MODURI DE FILTRARE
– FILTRE ELECTRONICE (inainte de CAN)FILTRE ELECTRONICE (inainte de CAN)– FILTRE NUMERICE (dupa CAN)FILTRE NUMERICE (dupa CAN)
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2.4. TIPURI DE FILTRE:Ox = frecv., Oy = % iesire
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PRELUCRAREA PRELUCRAREA SEMNALELOR BIOLOGICESEMNALELOR BIOLOGICE
PERIODICEPERIODICESI NEPERIODICESI NEPERIODICE
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3.1. UNDELE CARACTERISTICE3.1. UNDELE CARACTERISTICE
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3.2. DEFINIREA PERIOADEI3.2. DEFINIREA PERIOADEI
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3.3. FAZELE PRELUCRARII 3.3. FAZELE PRELUCRARII SEMNALULUI ECGSEMNALULUI ECG
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• b) ELIMINAREA ARTEFACTELORb) ELIMINAREA ARTEFACTELOR• LINIA DE ZERO LINIA DE ZERO • NETEZIREA (0.25 + 0.5 + 0.25)NETEZIREA (0.25 + 0.5 + 0.25)
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• c) TIPIFICAREA QRSc) TIPIFICAREA QRS• RECUNOASTEREA FORMELOR DE RECUNOASTEREA FORMELOR DE
COMPLEXE QRS COMPLEXE QRS
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d) Tipificarea ST - Td) Tipificarea ST - T- boli coronariene- boli coronariene
e) Detectia undelor Pe) Detectia undelor Pf) Selectia ciclului tipic pentru calculef) Selectia ciclului tipic pentru calcule
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• 3.4. ANALIZA ECG STANDARD:3.4. ANALIZA ECG STANDARD:• RITMRITM
• PARAMETRII GEOMETRICI:PARAMETRII GEOMETRICI:
– INTERVALEINTERVALE
– AMPLITUDINIAMPLITUDINI
– PANTEPANTE
3.5. ALTE ANALIZE:3.5. ALTE ANALIZE:• VECTOCARDIOGRAMEVECTOCARDIOGRAME
• MAPPING CARDIACMAPPING CARDIAC
• POTENTIALE TARDIVEPOTENTIALE TARDIVE
• ANALIZA ARITMIILORANALIZA ARITMIILOR
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- p a u z a -- p a u z a -