1

Investigative InterviewingInvestigative Interviewing

Interview & InterrogationInterview & Interrogation

Statement Analysis

Statement Analysis

Body Language Analysis

Body Language Analysis

Gathering & analyzing of evidence

Investigation Techniques –Nossen (1)

Interviewing & Interrogation

Surveillance

Electronic interception & monitoring

Investigation Techniques –Nossen (2)

Undercover operations

Agents & informers

Asset investigations

2

Commencementof

Investigation

Crime Scene Investigation

VictimWitnessSuspect

Physical & Documentary Evidence

StatementsInvestigation

File

InvestigationReport

Mandate/Tasking

Sending, receiving messages

Imparting, conveying, exchange

Communication

Received & understood

High-order social skill

Complex process

Communication

Intelligence & skill

average woman:

6 – 8000

words p/day

average man:

2 – 4000

words p/day

Elsabé Aldrich

3

EmotionsCommunication

Reality: you and Imeaning -response Cliché conversation

Reports, facts

Ideas, judgments

Feelings

Personal

intimate

Listen

Patience

Understanding

Ideas

Verbal

Emotions &

attitudes

Emotions &

attitudes

Non-verbal

Approach

Neutrality Sympathy

Empathy

4

Defensive listening

External barriers

Internal barriers

Barriers

A positive presence

is the most powerful

manner of interaction

Patsy Rodenburg

Self confidence

Posture

Eye contact

5

Open face

Self confidence

Positive response

Friendliness

Attention

Not interrupt

Ask follow-up questions

Be patient

Correctly take notes

6

Approachable

Easy to talk to

Emotionally responsive

Non-judgmental

Open-minded

Psychologically wise

Commencementof

Investigation

When aroused –reduced ability to communicate

Better communication – pace down, pauses up

If you do not obtain results, change

What you intend is irrelevant OPV principle

Do not suggest, do not project

Way to lie

Omit crucial facts Pretend ignorance Feign forgetfulness

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Remus Reid

Judy Wallman, a professional genealogy researcher

in southern California, was doing some personal work

on her own family tree. She discovered

that Senator Harry Reid's great-great uncle,

Remus Reid, was hanged for horse stealing

and train robbery in Montana in 1889.

Both Judy and Harry Reid share this common ancestor. 'Remus Reid, horse thief, sent to Montana Territorial Prison 1885, escaped 1887, robbed the Montana Flyer six

times. Caught by Pinkerton detectives, convicted and hanged in 1889.'

So Judy recently e-mailed Senator Harry Reid

for information about their great-great uncle.

"Remus Reid was a famous cowboy in the Montana Territory . His business empire grew to include acquisition of valuable equestrian assets and intimate dealings with the Montana railroad. Beginning in 1883, he devoted several

years of his life to government service, finally taking leave to resume his dealings with the railroad. In 1887, he was a key player in a vital investigation run by the renowned Pinkerton Detective Agency. In 1889,Remus passed away during an important civic function held in his honour when

the platform upon which he was standing collapsed.“

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So Judy recently e-mailed Senator Harry Reid

for information about their great-great uncle.

Cognition

Process by which people receive,

process and convey information

Cognition – Influencing Factors

Memory

Attention

Intelligence

Cognition – Influencing Factors

Problem solving

Language ability

Visio spatial skills

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Cognition – The Human Brain

Awesome and complex seat of

intelligence – stores more information

than all the libraries in the world

put together

Cognition – Specific Aspects

Personality

Expectations about

the world

Substance influence

Cognition – Memory

Obtaining & storing of information

Chemical & electrical reaction

Memory trail - connections

Cognition – Memory Process

Sensory memory

Working memory

Short term memory

Long term memory

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Cognition – Essence of a message

Who

What

Where

When

Why

How

Cognition – Essence of a Message

Anchoring

Concrete facts

Repeated details

Original depiction

Cognition – Essence of a Message

Consistency

Subjective experiences

Spontaneous corrections

Preferences

Determine typical approach to

human interaction

four functional

parts

unique

combination

dominating

preference

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L1FactualLogicalEssence of the matterDo not show feelingsEvaluate information

R1InquisitivePlay with words, hidden meaningsUse humourNot rule orientated

L2OrganisedRules & traditionNeatTimeousDetailed

R2EmotionalSensitiveBody languageInterpersonalNon-verbal

Human beings are programmed to react when confronted with a threat:

Do you know why I want to talk to you?

Who do you think may have done this?

What kind of person would do this?

What should happen to him?

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Did this really happen?

Why would someone accuse you?

Who should we exclude?

What about a second chance?

Investigative Interviewing

The Effective Interviewer/Interrogator

Seeks to obtain information

High degree of authority

Credible persuader

Information gathering vs. Accusing

Information gathering Accusing

Objectives

Structure

Notes

Talking

Information

Little

Yes

Interviewee

Confession

Highly

No

Investigator

13

Investigation technique

Conversation with a purpose

Information

Preparation

Rapport Questions

Verification Catch-all question

Departure Critique

Introduction

Interview - Preparation

All relevant information

Timing

Location

By whom

Interview - Introduction

Identify

Purpose

Authority

14

Interview – Build Rapport

Cliché information

Basis of respect

Eye contact Remove obstacles

Head nodding Face person

Interview – Questions (1)

Open ended

What happened

Active listening

No interruption

Interview – Questions (2)

Specific questions

MOM

WWWWWH

Interview – Verification

Mutual understanding

Extensive note taking

Witness recollection

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Interview – Catch-all question

Do I have all the information?

Anything you can add?

Have you told me everything?

Interview – Statement

Convert information into a statement

Interview – Departure

Positive exit

Possibility of re-contact

Interview – Critique

Evaluate effort

Learn from mistakes

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General Interviewing Principles

What is the message?

How does he know it?

What did he leave out?

Non-verbal message?